能量公式

(四)文献报道的经验公式及数学模型 1.通过常规化学成分计算鸡饲料代谢能的公式(单位:千卡/千克; 饲料中养分均以百分含量表示) 一般谷物以及副产品:   发表者： 玉米 玉米 玉米 高粱(单宁<0.4%) 高粱(单宁>1.0%) 高粱 高粱 高粱 高粱 高粱 小黑麦 小麦 精米 脱脂米糠 大米产品 小麦次粉 小麦和小麦产品 小麦和小麦产品 麸皮 麸皮 大麦和大麦产品 燕麦和燕麦副产品 淀粉工业副产品: 玉米湿磨副产品 玉米蛋白粉(CP=65%) 玉米蛋白粉(CP=40%) 玉米蛋白饲料(CP=20%) 糖业副产品: 甜菜或甘蔗糖蜜 白糖 酒精副产品: 啤酒干糟(玉米DDG) 干酒精糟水(DDS) 玉米DDGS 块根类(干): 甘薯(干) 木薯粉 木薯粉 油籽及其加工产品: 花生饼 花生饼 棉籽饼(粕) 棉籽产品 花生饼(粕) 花生副产品 菜籽饼 菜籽饼 大豆饼 大豆饼 大豆饼粕 大豆饼(热榨) 大豆饼(热榨,颗粒) 全脂大豆(粉状) 大豆 大豆 豌豆 豌豆 全脂大豆(颗粒状) 向日葵仁饼(非浸出) 向日葵产品 向日葵(机榨带壳) 向日葵粕(去壳) 树叶： 槐叶 槐叶 动物副产品: 脱脂奶粉 乳清粉(低乳糖) 肉骨粉 鱼粉(CP=60%,65%.67%) 鱼粉(鲱鱼) 血粉(喷雾干燥法) 血粉(滚筒干燥法) 羽毛粉 (胃蛋白酶消化率≥80%) 家禽下脚料粉 家禽下脚料粉(高脂肪) 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 家禽下脚料 油渣 油脂类 脂类和油类 所有的油和脂 植物油(游离脂肪酸<50%) 植物油(游离脂肪酸>50%) 动物油(游离脂肪酸<40%) 动物脂肪(游离脂肪酸<40%) MEn=36.21×CP+85.44×EE+37.26×NFE AME=4.219-0.116CF/DM AME=4.513-0.107ADF/DM MEn=31.02×CP+77.03×EE+37.67×NFE MEn=21.98×CP+54.75×EE+35.18×NFE ME=3152-357.79×单宁酸 MEn=38.55×DM-394.59×单宁酸 ME=3062+887×CF-202.5×(CF)2 ME=4412-90.34×ADF ME=3773+65.73×APF-3.272×(APF)2 MEn=34.49×CP+62.16×EE+35.61×NFE MEn=34.92×CP+63.1×EE+36.42×NFE MEn=46.7×DM-46.7×ASH-69.55×CP+42.95×EE-81.95×CF MEn=46.7×DM-46.7×ASH-69.54×CP+42.95×EE-81.95×CF MEn=4759-88.6×CP-127.7×CF+52.1×EE MEn=40.1×DM-40.1×ASH-165.39×CF MEn=3985-205×CF MEn=3926-181×CF AME=3.940-0.209CF/DM AME=4.094-0.149ADF/DM MEn=3078-90.4×CF+9.2×STA MEn=2970-59.7×CF+116.9×EE MEn=4240-34.4×CP-159.6×CF+13.5×EE MEn=40.94×CP+88.17×EE+33.13×NFE MEn=36.64×CP+73.30×EE+25.67×NFE MEn=42.35×DM-42.35×ASH-23.74×CP+28.03×EE-165.72×CF MEn=40.01×SUG MEn=38.96×SUG MEn=39.15×DM-39.15×ASH-9.72×CP-63.81×CF MEn=34.06×CP+40.82×EE+26.91×NFE MEn=8.62×CP+50.12×EE+37.67×NFE MEn=39.14×DM-39.14×ASH-82.78×CF MEn=4054-43.4×ASH-103×CF AME=3.903-0.110CF/DM AME=3.327+0.048EE/DM-0.073CF/DM MEn=21.26×DM+47.13×EE-30.85×CF MEn=2153-31.8×CF+43.5×EE MEn=29.68×DM+60.95×EE-60.87×CF MEn=3072-39.1×ASH-47.6×CF+63.7×EE MEn=29.73×CP+46.39×EE+7.87×NFE MEn=32.67×CP+64.96×EE+13.24×NFE MEn=37.5×CP+70.52×EE+14.9×NFE MEn=37.5×CP+46.39×EE+14.9×NFE MEn=2702-57.4×CF+72.0×EE MEn=36.63×CP+77.96×EE+19.87×NFE MEn=38.79×CP+87.24×EE+18.22×NFE MEn=2769-59.1×CF+62.1×EE AME=4.830-0.234CF/DM AME=6.684-0.272ADF/DM AME=5.499-0.303CF/DM AME=5.122-0.174ADF/DM MEn=2636-55.7×CF+82.5×EE MEn=36.64×CP+89.07×EE+4.97×NFE MEn=3999-189×ASH-58.5×CF+59.5×EE MEn=26.7×DM+77.2×EE-51.22×CF MEn=6.28×DM-6.28×ASH+25.38×CP+62.62×EE AME=3.697-0.191CF/DM AME=3.605-0.126ADF/DM MEn=40.94×CP+77.96×EE+19.04×NFE MEn=38.79×CP+77.96×EE+19.04×NFE MEn=33.94×DM-45.77×ASH+59.99×EE MEn=35.87×DM-34.08×ASH+42.90×EE MEn=35.87×DM-34.08×ASH+42.90×EE MEn=34.49×CP+64.96×EE MEn=31.88×CP+60.32×EE MEn=33.2×CP+57.53×EE MEn=31.02×CP+74.23×EE MEn=31.02×CP+78.87×EE TMEn=-725+0.841×GE(千卡/千克干物质) TMEn=4070-142×Ca TMEn=4330-61×ASH TMEn=5060-263×ASH+491×Ca TMEn=479+89×CP-1094×P TMEn=11340-103×CP-327×Ca TMEn=934-69×CP-110×ASH TMEn=561-154×Ca-622×P MEn=556-63×ASH-506×P MEn=20041-23.0×IV-319.1×C16:0-153.4×C18:0 MEn=8227-10318(-1.1685[不饱和:饱和] MEn=28119-235.8(C18:1+C18:2)- 6.4(C16:0)-310.9(C18:0)+0.726(IV×FR1)-0.0000379(IV[FR1+FFA])2 MEn=-10147.94+188.28×IV+155.09 FR1-1.6709(IV×FR1) MEn=1804+29.7084×IV+29.302×FR1 MEn=126694+1645×IV+838.4×C16:0-215.3×C18:0+746.61FR1+356.12(FR1+FFA)- 14.83(IVFR1) MEn=-9865+194.1×IV+300.1×C18:0 Janssen,1989 张子仪, 1981 张子仪, 1981 Janssen,1989 Janssen,1989 Gous et al. 1982 Janssen,1989 Moir and Connor, 1977 Moir and Connor, 1977 Moir and Connor, 1977 Janssen,1989 Janssen,1989 Janssen,1989 Janssen,1989 Janssen,et al, 1989 Janssen,1989 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen et al., 1979 张子仪, 1981 张子仪, 1981 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen et al., 1979 陈雪秀, 1983 陈雪秀, 1983 Janssen, 1989 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen, 1989 Janssen,et al.,1979 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen, 1989 Janssen et al. 1979 张子仪, 1981 张子仪, 1981 张子仪, 1981 张子仪, 1981 Janssen et al. 1979 Janssen, 1989 Janssen et al., 1979 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 张子仪, 1981 张子仪, 1981 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Janssen, 1989 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Pesti et al., 1986 Janssen et al., 1979 Ketels and DeGroote, 1989 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Huyghebaert et al., 1988       注:本部分内容系引用文献材料，1kcal=4.18kJ(下同) GE──总能; ME──代谢能; MEn──氮校正代谢能; TMEn──氮校正真代谢能;CP──粗蛋白; EE──醚浸提物;CF──粗纤维;NFE──无氮浸出物;ADF──酸洗纤维;APF──酸-胃蛋白酶处理纤维; STA=淀粉; SUG=糖;IV=碘价;C16:0=棕榈酸;C18:0=硬脂酸;C18:1=油酸; C18:2=亚油酸;FFA=游离脂肪酸;FR1=柱层析第一组分,含有甘油酯和其它非极性成分;DM=干物质。 2.不同学者提出的通过非氮物质(NNM)估测猪消化能值的简单回归方程示例 能量消化率(％)=91.33-2.19CF％    (Lucas 1949) 表观能量消化率(ADE)％: 小麦麸　ADE=96.29-3.04CF％  r=0.938 ADE=95.35-2.23ADF％    r=0.938    RSD=1.69 ADE=96.34-0.865NDF％    r=0.958    RSD=1.12 苜蓿粉  ADE=96.02-2.09CF％    r=0.988    RSD=0.71 ADE=93.83-1.75ADF％    r=0.983    RSD=0.62 ADE=100.77-1.19NDF％    r=0.955    RSD=1.02 通用  ADE=96.71-0.886NDF％    r=0.959    RSD=1.31 (Drennan and Maguire 1970) 能量消化率(％)=91.48-2.22CF％  r=0.916    RSD=2.21 (Drennan and Maguire 1970) 能量消化率(％)=91.78-1.77ADF％  r=0.943    RSD=2.25(King and Taverner 1975) 能量消化率(％)=94.2-0.944NDF％ DE(千卡/千克干物质)=4068.7-103.37CF％ r=0.89  RSD=156.8 (Drennan and Maguire 1970) DE(千卡/千克干物质)=4102.9-84.99MADF％  r=0.92  RSD=140.4 DE(千卡/千克干物质)=4269-81MADF％      r=0.85*  RSD=385 DE(千卡/千克干物质)=4323-437CF％        r=0.90*  RSD=339 DE(千卡/千克干物质)=4179-86MADF％      r=0.96**  RSD=211 DE(千卡/千克干物质)=4228-140CF％        r=0.97**  RSD=184 注:  1kcal/kg=4.18kJ; ADE──表现消化能;DE──消化能;ADF──酸性洗涤纤维;NDF──中性洗涤纤维 *　青饲料+基础饲料;　**　高蛋白质饲料以外的饲料。