Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet

nullnullAlienation and the InternetAn Attractive Woman Searches the Internet or Works on EmailAn Attractive Woman Searches the Internet or Works on EmailnullnullA couple stands in the kitchen using their credit card to purchase something over the internetA couple stands in the kitchen using their credit card to purchase something over the internetnullPre-reading questions: 1. Do you go on-line every day? What do you usually do online? null2. For how many hours a day do you think a person has to stay on-line before he or she is reckoned to be an Internet buff? Is it good to be one? Why or why not? null3. What is the function of going on-line in our daily life? 4. Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullPre-reading questions:Pre-reading questions:1. Do you go on line every day? What do you often do on the Internet? 2. Are you a net worm? Is it good to be one? 3. What benefits and harms can Internet bring to you?Let’s have a Debate!Let’s have a Debate!The advantages of the Internet outweigh its disadvantages Affirmative side: more advantages Negative side: more disadvantagesnullMake a list of advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.null Pros and Cons of the Internet The Internet is a wonderful source from which we can retrieve valuable information. Moreover, it facilitates our communication with people far away from us at a cost substantially less than that of traditional means of communication. Also, it can be an important building block to children’s learning because a vast amount of information is only clicks away. There is evidence suggesting that computer use is linked to slightly better academic performance. null However, there is sufficient evidence indicating that the Internet can exert a harmful influence on people. For example, its addictive power has increased children and youngsters’ time spent in front of the computer screens at the expense of other healthier physical activities, thus increasing their chance of getting overweight and short-sighted. null In addition, children have limited ability of telling right from wrong and therefore are subject to the potential contaminating influence of the harmful materials on the Internet. If the Internet allows for the free exchange of ideas, it helps to unify us. Then how does it alienate us while uniting us? How does it fragment society while globalizing ideas? This is the issue that the author tackles in the text. Main IdeasMain Ideasadvantages and disadvantages of the Internet advantages: --- free exchange of ideas, globalization disadvantages: ---alienation Discussion: List either the advantages or the disadvantages of the Internet within groups of five. Note that you don’t have to do both.*AdvantagesAdvantagesIt gives us easy access to a lot of information we need;1It makes communications faster and more effective without the hindrance of physical distance;2It makes our life more colorful with various kinds of games; 3It can help us forget our miseries –at least temporarily.4*DisadvantagesIt can make us feel addicted to it and take a lot our time with which we can do something more important.The virtual world it offers can make us forget who we really are and develop an unrealistic attitude towards lifeWe can be deceived by someone in the cyberspace with ill intentionsCommunications on the Internet is far from being safe because of the viruses and occasional breakdown of the computer system.Disadvantages*Organization of the text Organization of the text What type of writing is this? 1)      Narration (叙述文)？ 2)      Exposition(说明文)? 3)      Argumentation(议)? 4)      Description (描述文)? The text is a piece of argumentative writing.AnalysisAnalysisThis text falls into the genre of argumentation/ argumentative writing, which is typically composed of three parts: i.e. the opening part or the thesis part, the argument part, and the summary part or conclusion part. Try to divide the passage… Structural AnalysisStructural AnalysisThe first two paragraphs serve as an opening part, in which the writer presents his thesis. The following four paragraphs constitute the body of argumentation, where the author supports his point with evidences and reasons. The final paragraph is the conclusion of the text, where the writer reiterates his main idea.nullTopic sentence: However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. Concluding statement: All this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives.Part DivisionPart DivisionSchool of Foreign Studies*Main body: the author supports his point with evidences and reasons. Conclusion: the author reiterates his point that only when we make a moderate use of the Internet can we fully realize its potential without having our sense of reality skewed.Part II: Para. 3-6Part III: Para. 7Introduction: the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.Part I: Para. 1-2 Part I paragraph 1-2 Part I paragraph 1-21. What is the author’s long cherished position about the strong points of the Internet? 2. How did the author start his argumentation? null*alienation n. causing someone to feel distant互联网技术的发达，让人们更加亲密还是更加疏远？v.alienateforum n. a place for talking about a problem or matterThe Internet provides a forum for the free exchange of ideas.words因特网提供了一个自由交流思想的平台。疏远论坛，社区Unit 3 Alienation and the InternetDoes the advancing of internet technology bring people closer or alienated?alienate him from his friend 离间他和他的朋友 forumforumeducation forum 教育论坛 habitat forum 生活环境讨论会 readers‘ forum 读者讲座, 读者论坛 the forum of conscience 良心的制裁 the forum of public opinion 舆论的评判 the Forum 古罗马会议广场(遗址) Lectern: an object with a sloping surface that you put an open book or notes on while you are speaking to people in public 讲台null1. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters: P1. 本句话可理解为： metaphor Internet's access and usage are so comparably free that the internet is just like international waters for people to swim through as much as they like.nullGiven + 名词或词名词词组… 考虑到，鉴于…Given the current situation in the foreign trade industry, is merchandiser still a good career choice?考虑到现在外贸行业的情况，跟单员还是一个好的职业选择吗？Given (the fact) that people are surrounded by all kinds of ads, selecting a suitable product is not that easy. Given （the fact）that + 句子… 考虑到，鉴于…现在人们被各种广告包围，要选一件合适的产品并不容易。Unit 3 Alienation and the InternetnullRestrictions governing… 管理…的规定（限制）The Civil Aviation Administration of China formulated new restrictions governing the activities of passengers during the flight.民航总局制定了管理乘客乘坐飞机期间活动的新规定。 The Civil Aviation Administration of China Unit 3 Alienation and the InternetnullIt is my personal belief that…It is my personal belief that Chinese will one day become a popular language in the world.我相信，汉语有一天将成为世界上一门非常受欢迎的语言。Simultaneous interpreting has come into wide use in international conferences in recent years.Come into existence/come into wide use近些年，同声传译在国际会议广泛使用。Unit 3 Alienation and the InternetnullAlter/change…for the better 使…变得更好I believe my father’s new job is gonna change the financial situation of our family for the better.我相信父亲的新工作将会让我们家的境况变得更好一些。The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success. Unintended 非中的,非故意的; 气候问题是我们取得成功所带来的未预料的一个结果。Unit 3 Alienation and the InternetnullUnit 3 Alienation and the Internet a. The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. What’s the author’s viewpoint about the benefit of the Internet?null2. But much less widely reported has been the notion that the internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users: 完全倒装(Complete Inversion)句，原顺序应该是：…… that 从句是主语notion的同位语。作者在这里到装的目的是为平衡结构。英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则，即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子，我们常采用倒装语序。nullThere has been much talk about… 谈论…较多Recently, there has been much talk about the 3g technology.最近，人们都在谈论3G技术。We'll do all we can to further your plans. Further v. 促进，推进我们将尽力促成你们的计划。 Unit 3 Alienation and the Internetnull*access n. means or right of usingdramatically adv. suddenly and noticeablyThe Internet dramatically altered our way of life.wordsMany people in developing countries lack access to clean drinking water.网络大大地改变了我们的生活方式。接近…的方法，取得…的权利急剧地Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet许多在发展中国家的人还喝不到干净的饮用水。Access n.v.Access n.v.a man of easy access易于接近的人, 平易近人的人 The only access to the town is across the bridge.到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。 Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以自由使用图馆。 have /gain/get/ obtain access to Accumulator and index register can be accessed by the programmer. 程序员可以对累加器和变址寄存器进行存取。 nullFor Americans, Christmas is an important festival equivalent of the Spring Festival for Chinese.Equivalent of 等同于，相当于对于美国人来说，圣诞节是一个重要的节日，就像春节之于 中国人一样。Modal(形式上的，方式上的）Modal(形式上的，方式上的）a modal verb/auxiliary 情态动词 modal logic 模态逻辑 modal speed 最常见的[出现频率最高的]速率 modal system 模态系统 modal value 最常见[出现频率最高的]值 Cf: model :shape, designnullPart II paragraph 3-6Part II paragraph 3-61. When and how did the fragmentation of society begin? 2. What’s the “cruel irony” concerning the use of the internet mentioned in para 4? 3. In para 5, why does the author narrate his own story? 4. why does the author discuss the question whether the internet is a real place?null*fragmentation n. Small piece or part of somethingwordsThe fragmentation of society/culture支离破碎Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet社会/文化的支离破碎Fragment: break into parts or small piecesFragment: break into parts or small piecesa fragmentation bomb杀伤炸弹 fragmentation effect破片杀伤效果 fragmentation grenade碎裂手榴弹 fragmentation shell杀伤炮弹 fragments of broken pottery/glass fragments His day was fragmented by interruptions and phone calls.nulladdicted a. becoming heavily dependent on something他迷上了网络游戏。n.上瘾的addictHe’s become addicted to internet games. alcohol addictnull*alcoholic n. someone who can not stop drinking large amounts of alcoholmoderate a. neither too much nor too little这家旅店收费适当。words哈韩酒鬼适度的,有节制的Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet工作狂The hotel is moderate in its charges.work-aholicKorean-aholic书虫book-aholicModerate:calm conservative fair gentle lenient medium mild restrained temperateModerate:calm conservative fair gentle lenient medium mild restrained temperatebe moderate in drinking 饮酒适量 moderate politicians 稳健的政治家 a moderate income 稳定的收入 at moderate speed 中等的速度nullmoderate prices 公道的价格 moderate cracking 中度裂化 moderate gale 疾风 moderate sea 中浪, 中常波 nullvi. The storm has moderated. 风暴平静下来了。 Vt. moderate one's voice 降低讲话声音null*binge n. an activity is done in an extreme way, especially eating, drinking, spendingskew v. cause not to be straight网络可能被某些人利用让人们形成对他们有利的看法。wordsThey went on a binge last night.狂热，狂饮，大吃大喝使倾斜Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet他们昨晚饮酒作乐去了。The Internet may be used as a tool by some people to skew public opinion in their favor.an eating binge. 暴食 Skew:Skew:vt. vi. (at), She skewed around in her chair. 她坐在椅子上歪扭过身来。 skew-eyed adj. 斜视的 Para. 3Para. 3Feel like sth./doing sth. 想要（做）某事I don't feel like walking very much today. I feel like a cup of coffee.I feel like an idiot for saying this.Feel like 就像…我像个傻瓜一样，竟然说了这个。 Para. 3Para. 3Give one pause to think 给人时间（机会）想想I don’t think he’s given to lying. to be given to 有……的倾向我觉得他不是个会撒谎的人。我考试失利，这让我停下来想想我该如何改变学习方法。The fact that I failed my exam gave me pause to think how I should change my way of learning.nullUnit 3 Alienation and the Internet His friend was addicted to the Internet. He would spend even over twenty-four hours non-stop on the Internet so that he had to force himself to go off line. As he spent so much time in cyberspace, his sense of reality might have been skewed. Moreover, without any face-to-face verbal communication with other people, he felt lonely and depressed. What happened to the author’s friend as regards the Internet? What were the negative consequences?Para. 4Para. 4They won the war, and by God they were going to win the peace. They had defeated their enemies, and in God’s name, they were determined to conquer in the peacetime.nullThe work on the house will begin in earnest on Monday. Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet Begin in earnest 真正开始这栋房子的修建工作将在星期一正式开始。in earnest 认真的，诚挚的我相信他说想娶她是真心的。 I'm sure he was in earnest when he said he wanted to marry her. nullBecome commonplace 成为寻常的事航空旅行现已为寻常。 Gates shared his success mantra with young entrepreneurs. Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet Air travel has now become commonplace. Mantra 真言盖茨和年轻企业家分享他的成功秘决。nullPrior to 在…之前人们相信这项技术在明朝以前就已经发明了。 I have become distanced from my childhood friends since I left my hometown.Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet It is believed that the skill was developed prior to the Ming Dynasty. become distanced from 距…越来越远自从我离开家乡后，和儿时的朋友距离就越来越远了。null4.Extended family：“大家庭”，在过去，父母和他们的孩子以及孩子的孩一子都住在一起. 那种四世同堂的大家庭，不过随着时代的发展，这种大家庭已经很少。 另一种家庭类型就是nuclear family,“核心家庭”，也就是说，父母和他们的孩子住在一起，这是现在一种比较普遍的家庭类型。 还有一种类型叫做single parent family， “单亲家庭” 。就是家里面只有母亲或只有父亲。这种家庭类型主要是父母离婚的产物。 blended family，混合型家庭，，就是指再婚后的家庭，男女双方的孩子都住在一起。 DINK，“丁克” 家庭。“丁克”的英文意思是:双份收人，没有孩子(double income no kids)。是近年来新兴的一种家庭模式，这种家庭中只有夫妻二人，不生孩子，既有家庭的温馨，又保持了“单身贵族”的潇洒。nullUnit 3 Alienation and the Internet It means that the Internet provides the user with a convenient means of communicating and making friends with people far apart on the one hand, but on the other, it estranges the user from the people around him by cancelling his chance of face-to-face communications with his families and close friends and for involvement in the community activities. Cruel ironynullAt the expense of 以…为代价他完成了那件工作, 但却损害了健康。 I put flowers in the wine bottle which would have otherwise been thrown away.Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet He finished the job at the expense of his health. Would have otherwise … 否则就(本来)已经…我把花插在了酒瓶里，不然这个酒瓶早就被扔了。null3. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages, towns and cities. P4 句子的主干是连词but+介词短语at the expense of the time. 实际上But at the expense of the time…是文章中上一个句子的最后部分，作者在这里之所以将它单独列成一个句子，其目的也是就要强调but后面的内容。 complex multiple attributive clause null例如：I was endeavouring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life which was not better than the life I had known before. 我那是想要脱离一种生活，改换另一种生活，但是我所换到的生活比先前那一种并不见得好。 当多重定语从句语是非限制性时，其关系代词也可以指代其前的整个句子或内容。 例如：Tom came to the party in patched jeans,which surprised the other guests, most of whom were wearing evening dress. 汤姆穿着打了补丁的牛仔裤来参加聚会，这使得其他人感到吃惊，因为大多数客人穿的都是夜礼服。(which代替前面的整个句子)nullBe available for 可用的,有空的 这个限量版的包还是可以买得到的。 Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet The limited edition bag will also be available for purchase. Are you available next Sunday?你下周日有空吗？ 存储空间不足,无法完成此次操作! Be available to 可用的Not enough storage is available to complete this operation！ available 有空的 Para. 5Para. 5… it struck us that in generations past, his son, my nephew, would have been outside playing with his friends. An idea suddenly occurred to us that if it were many years ago, his son …… (an idea, a plan) strikes/hits/occurs to sb eg: A new plan of attack struck/hit him. = He struck up on a new plan. Overloaded ! Overloaded !Para. 6Para. 6… as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload. When they get onto the Internet for information, some people might be faced with the problem of dealing with too much information.null*foster v. developsimulate v. imitate大四学生将举行模拟面试为找工作做准备。wordsOur head teacher did her best to foster a sense of unity in the class.培养模仿，模拟Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet我们班主任尽力培养同学间的团结精神。 The senior students will hold simulated job interviews to prepare for their job hunting.foster children.收养的孩子 simulatesimulatesimulate death 装死 adj.(=simulated)假装的, 模仿的; 拟态的 simulate rain 人工降雨null*cyberspace wordsUnit 3 Alienation and the Internetsurf the Internet 网络空间 上网 to access the network to browse web pages to log on (to ...) surfsurfnullSurfboarder n. 作冲浪运动者 surfer n.冲浪运动员nullperceive v. notice，see, realize something, especially when it’s not obviouswordsYou can easily perceive what he wants. 察觉，理解Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet你可轻而易举地看出他要什么。 perceivedetect distinguish experience feel make out observe recognize sense perceivedetect distinguish experience feel make out observe recognize sense perceive by the nose 用鼻嗅出 I perceived that I conld not make her change her mind. 我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。nullconverse a. n. the opposite事实正好相反。相反The converse is true.His opinions are converse to mine.  他的意见和我的意见正相反。 Converse1:communicate with discuss talk Converse1:communicate with discuss talk Vi He‘s willing to converse with anyone about the quotations on the stock market. 他愿和任何人谈论股市行情。converse 2converse 2adj. I hold the converse opinion. 我持反对意见 n.正相反近义词： Part III paragraph 7Part III paragraph 71. According to the author, what underlies the trend of overusing the Internet in our society? 2. Does the author believe it is within human capacity to reap the benefit of the Internet without being penalized?null*gratification n. Satisfaction; pleasurewordsIt is a gratification to know that you have been accepted by a graduate school.满足，欣慰Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet得知你考上了研究生实在是让人欣喜的事。 v. gratify得知她将很快就恢复健康, 使我十分高兴。 I’m gratified to know that she would be well again soon. gratificationgratificationn. It is a gratification to know that ...得知...实在是让人欣喜的事 Your approval gives me much gratification.承蒙认可, 我非常高兴。 The guide received a gratification. 这个向导收到了一笔酬金。null*oyster n. a world in which someone can do anything or go anywhere that he wants towordsThe world is your oyster.牡蛎Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet这个世界是你的地盘了。/你可以随心所欲了。nullas close as an oyster 嘴很紧 (as) dumb as an oyster 沉默不语; 守口如瓶 (as) fresh as an oyster 强壮的; 精力充沛的; 充满青春活力的null …where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster: where the cyber-space is the very thing that gives you immediate gratification. The author indicates that people tend to overuse the Internet because it is the best way of getting immediate gratification, which is most valued by society. 其中where the cyber-space…是非限定性定语从句。 null不少人认为，在先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开的就是非限定性定语从句。其实这并不完全正确，请看: As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire-brigade. 当她听到几声喊叫时，跑去向经理汇报，经理马上向消防队打了电话. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 在火炬下，他看到了一个人影，立即认出他是我们本地的食品商，比尔·威尔斯金。 There are a few modern cities, however, that were created out of nothing． 然而，有几个城市却完全是从一无所有的空地上建立起来的。 null限定性定语从句在意义上有“涉他性”， 而非限定性定语从句在意义上有“唯一性”。 例如：I have a brother who works in a chemical works.我有个哥哥在化工厂工作。(暗示我还有别的哥哥，他或他们不在化工厂工作) I have a brother, who works in a chemical works. 我有个哥哥,他在化工厂工作。(暗示再没有别的哥哥了) Rhetorical FeaturesRhetorical FeaturesThe author of this text seems to believe that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. This self-contradiction is partly illustrated by the use of antonyms such as globalization and alienation. Some other pairs of antonyms (including words and expressions) are used for the same purpose. Rhetorical Features of the TextRhetorical Features of the Textreal / not real; reality /virtual existence; outside playing with his friends / play his games against his friends in cyberspace. The use of all these pairs of antonyms helps to reinforce the seeming self –contradiction that the Internet can lead to globalization on the one hand and cause the alienation of the users from the people around him on the other.Rhetorical Features of the TextRhetorical Features of the TextSome phras