浙江财经大学681综合英语2008年考研真题

第 1 页 共 12 页 2008 年攻读浙江财经学院 硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：681 科目名称：综合英语 答案请写答题纸上 Part I READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN, 40points) In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and finish the multiple choices. Text A For the past several years， the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant， who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old ；that gave her an IQ of 228---the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences， among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100） as， what's the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？ It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics， computer science and other fields？The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version）. Generally costing several hundred dollars， they are usually given only by psychologists， although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks， rather than simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life，argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?” Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical 第 2 页 共 12 页 knowledge， components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover，IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters ， whether it‘s knowing when to guess or what questions of skip. 1. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? A. Answering philosophical questions. B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. C. Telling the differences between certain concepts. D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 2. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? A. People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. B. More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. C. The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. D. Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 3. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now. C. vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat. D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed. 4. We can conclude from the last paragraph that A. test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability B. IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated. C. testing involves a lot of guesswork. D. traditional tests are out of date. Text B Technology is the creation of new products and processes intended to improve our working efficiency, our chances for survival, our comfort level, and our quality of life. The goal of science is to develop widely accepted knowledge or ideas, which are intangible; by contrast, technology is concerned primarily with the development of substantial things. In many cases, technology develops from known scientific laws and theories. Scientists invented the laser, for example, by applying knowledge about the internal structure of atoms. Applied scientific knowledge about chemistry and electronics has given us nylon, pesticides, washing powder, intelligent computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, pollution control devices, and countless other products. Applications of theories in nuclear physics led to nuclear bombs and nuclear power plants. 第 3 页 共 12 页 Many technologies arise by way of trial and error, before anyone understands the underlying scientific principles. For example, aspirin, extracted from the bark of a tropical willow tree, relieved pain and fever long before anyone found out how it did so. Similarly, photography was invented by people who had no idea about its chemistry, and farmers crossbred new strains (breeds) of crops and livestock long before biologists understood the principles of genetics. In fact, much of science is an attempt to understand and explain why various technologies work. Although some forms of technology use scientific knowledge, nearly all science needs technology. Scientists use machines and instruments to collect and analyze data, to perform experiments, and to make complex computations. Scientists would be hard-pressed to get along without such things as paper, pencils, books, test tubes, microscopes, refrigerators, computers, copiers and telephones - all products of technology. Although at their cores science and technology share similar processes (both are essentially trial and error at heart), they usually differ in the way the ideas and information they produce are shared. Many of the results of scientific research are published and distributed freely to be tested, challenged, verified, or modified. The process strengthens the validity of scientific knowledge and helps expose cheaters. In contrast, many technological discoveries are kept secret until the new process or product is patented. Information concerning much valuable technology is never published, but is instead learned "on the job" by industrial workers and passed informally among selected individuals only. The basis of other technology gets published in journals and enjoys the same kind of public distribution and peer review as science. 5. The advancement of our living generally results from _________ A. sheer technological creations. B. widely approved knowledge. C. constant scientific research. D. pure and applied sciences. 6. It can be inferred from Par.3 that many technologies _________ A. underlie scientific definitions. B. precede scientific principles C. conform to scientific interpretations. D. confirm scientific understandings. 7. One of the joint features of science and technology lies in _________ A. their mutual independence. B. their originating processes. C. their strengthened validity. D. their common approaches. 8. Science and technology differ from each other in __________ A. the manner of producing ideas. B. the process of delivering message. 第 4 页 共 12 页 C. the way of handling key information. D. the method of publicizing new findings. Text C Who is an artist? Is the artist a maker, a thinker, a craftsperson, a technician, a manipulator of emotions, a teacher? Is he or she a worldly, extroverted, confident, sophisticated personality, or lonely, introverted, filled with self-doubt and scorn? These questions were asked by writers and artists in the Renaissance, and it is to them that we owe concepts of the artist and architect, as well as the inclusion of these arts in the "fine" or "liberal" as opposed to the mechanical arts. Not only theory but also the works of the artists themselves produced these ideas. In the contrasts between two of the greatest figures of Italian Renaissance art, we find two very different images of the artist. Both Leonardo and Michelangelo were Florentines, near contemporaries, and undeniable geniuses. Leonardo was splendidly handsome; Michelangelo was at times obsessed with his ugliness. When Leonardo offered his services to the duke of Milan, he gave primacy to his qualifications as a military and hydraulic engineer, architect, and sculptor, mentioning painting last. When Pope Julius II commanded Michelangelo to paint the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (in the Vatican Palace), he replied that he was not a painter but a sculptor. Nevertheless, he fulfilled the commission and later became noted for his genius not only in painting and sculpture, but also in architecture. Both individuals seem to have possessed enormous ego and incredible versatility. In both we find characteristics that have contributed to our idea of the "Renaissance man"--a person of broad learning and skill. Although Leonardo viewed painting as the least of his talents, until recently we knew him principally as a painter and courtier. Now, since the discovery and publication of his notes and drawings, begun in the late nineteenth century, we can call him a scientist with equal correctness. Perhaps, above all, Leonardo was an investigator of nature through observation and practice. He was an architect, engineer, botanist, and musician. . . . 9. The organizational pattern of the second paragraph of the passage is __________. A. cause/effect B. simple listing C. comparison/contrast D. chronological order 10. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to __________. A. entertain B. persuade C. tell a story D. inform 第 5 页 共 12 页 11. Which statement from the passage is an opinion? A. Pope Julius II commanded Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. B. Leonardo was splendidly handsome. C. Leonardo's notes and drawings were discovered in the nineteenth century. D. Leonardo and Michelangelo were Florentines. 12. What is the organizational pattern of the following sentence from the passage? A. definition B. example C. chronological order D. comparison/contrast Text D Language is a way to communicate with each other. We started to learn language when we were born. However, people are used to speaking their native language, so immigrants are having many problems between the first generation and the second generation because they don't have the same native language. Also, the second generation is losing their identity. Especially in America, there are many immigrants that came from different countries to succeed in the States. Because they suffer in lots of areas such as getting a job and trying to speak English, they want their children to speak English, not only at school, but also at home in order to be more successful. Because of this situation, their children are losing their ethnic identity and, even more, they are ignoring their parents whose English is not very good. For example, my aunt, who has been living in Chicago for fifteen years, has three children and they were all born in the States. The eighteen year old daughter speaks English as a native language and she speaks Korean very well too. She has no problems talking with her parents, but she still doesn't understand Korean jokes, and there are sometimes misunderstandings. The second daughter is fourteen years old, and she doesn't want to speak Korean. My aunt often gets upset with her because she is very Americanized and they cannot understand each other. Even when my aunt punishes her, this daughter does not understand what my aunt is talking about. I felt sympathy for my aunt whenever my fourteen year old cousin said, "Mom, what is your problem?" The third child is a twelve year old son. He speaks English to his parents and my aunt speaks Korean to him as she does to the second daughter. He also has a problem communicating with his parents. My aunt is trying to teach him to speak both languages very well, but it is very hard for him because he speaks English all day and does not understand why he should learn to speak Korean. I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their new country, but this doesn't help very much in getting a good job. My aunt didn't teach Korean to her children in order to help them succeed in the U.S.; she did so, 第 6 页 共 12 页 hopefully, to help them establish a Korean identity. Though the second generation is born in the new country, they often get confused about their identity because they look different from others, and also, if they visit their parent's country, they will probably feel different from other people there too. My cousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, they felt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it just strolling around the street because they wore different clothes and walked differently. We must realize that language is important and valuable for many reasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored by their children and to make their children understand their heritage by teaching them the parents' language. This is very important, not only for the harmony of the family, but also in helping the second generation establish their identity. 13. What do you think this article will be about? A. Learning a second language. B. Immigrants who become sick in the U.S. C. Language and its effect on the identity of immigrants. D. Schools attended by immigrants to the U.S. 14. Which of these statements is NOT true according to the first paragraph of the article? A. Second generation immigrants are usually eager to learn their parents' native language. B. It is often hard for first and second generation family members to communicate with each other. C. Because second generation immigrant children often speak only English, they may lose their ethnic identity. D. Sometimes second generation immigrant children ignore their parents because of language differences. 15. There are many reasons that second generation immigrants may get confused about their identity. Which of the following is NOT found in the article? A. Their American friends may not see them as Korean –Americans. B. They look different than most of their friends in the U.S. C. If they travel to Korea they wear different clothes than the Koreans. D. If they visit Korea, they even walk differently than the Koreans. 16. Which of the following is closest to the main idea of this article? A. Second generation Korean-Americans walk and dress differently than their parents. B. The language spoken in immigrant households is often a mixture of two languages. C. Second generation Korean immigrants often speak only English. D. Teaching immigrant children the parents' native language helps them establish their ethnic identity. Text E 第 7 页 共 12 页 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics--the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. " Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated--than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. 17. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in __________ A. the use of machines to produce science fiction. B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work. D. the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work. 18. The word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means __________ 第 8 页 共 12 页 A. programs. B. experts. C. devices. D. creatures. 19. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can ___________ A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery. B. interact with human beings verbally. C. have a little common sense. D. respond independently to a changing world. 20. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ___________ A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure. B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately. C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information. D. best used in a controlled environment. Part II GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN, 20points) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet. 21. The name of the Wars of the Roses was, in fact，coined by the great 19th century novelist _________． A．Charles Dickens B．George Elliot C．Sir Walter Scott D．Charlotte Bronte 22. Parliament has the following functions except ______. A. making law B. authorizing taxation and public expenditure C. declaring war and making peace D. examining the actions of the Government 23. Ireland is called the Emerald because of _______. A. its shape B. its connection with Britain C. its abundant natural resources D. its rich green countryside 24. Most of the poems written by Emily Dickinson were_________. A. lost B. published during her lifetime C. buried with her 第 9 页 共 12 页 D. published after her death 25. Washington Irving's most famous book The Sketch Book contains_________. A. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow B. Rip Van Winkle C. A history of New York D. Both A and B 26. The "Lost Generation" refers to those who_________. A. have no ambition in life B. are physically and spiritually impotent C. are homeless D. are expatriates 27. In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as ____________. A. the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. B. the thought that designates man as a social animal. C. the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in common. the modes of thinking. D. the modes of thinking. 28. T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land is important because it________. A. deals with the cultural glories of the past B. praises the lost generation C. is highly traditional D. reveals the spiritual crisis of post-WWI Europe and it is original in form 29. Land enclosure was a disaster for the _________ evicted from their land by the enclosures. A. landlord B．tenants C. farmers D．wage laborers 30. The Commonwealth Wealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries and other political units___________. A．that have lived under British law and government B．that have a large number of British immigrants C．that have close relations with Britain D．that have fought on the side of PART III PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (20 MIN; 20points) The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the 第 10 页 共 12 页 passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, it 1. ____ an______ never buys things in finished form and hangs 2. ____never_____ them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. 3. ____exhibit_ _ Despite that the wave of industrial development that 1. _________ has swept much of East Asia in recent decades, the country of 80 million remains extremely poor, managed and still 2. ________ predominant agrarian. But the Philippines does play a 3. _________ visible role in the global economy, thanks largely to a single export commodity—its people. According to the government, 1 million Philippines will go abroad as 4. _________ contract workers this year, the biggest exodus ever. “The Philippines has already surpassed Mexico as the largest source of migrant labor in the world,” says Manolo I. Abella, a migration specialist at the International Labor Office in Geneva. In all, about 8 million Filipinos—an astounded one tenth 5. ___________ of the country’s citizens—currently work overseas to support families back home. They remit more than $7billion annually, according to the government, and that’s only official transfers. A recent Asian 6. ___________ Development Bank report put the real figure in the $14 billion to $21 billion range—a sum that dwarfs both foreign direct investment and aid following into 第 11 页 共 12 页 the country, and amounts 32 percent of GNP. In the 7. ___________ past, the Philippines is shamed by its inability to 8. ___________ create enough good jobs to keep its people at home. But hard economic reality—a 14 percent unemployment rate and one of the highest poverty indexes in the world (nearly half the population subsists on less than $2 a day) —has shifted the sentiment. Today, in a move that countries like Indonesia and Bangladesh are likely to emulate itself, the government takes the position that, 9. ___________ like it or not, the overseas workers constitute nation’s biggest comparative advantage in an increasingly borderless world. And so Manila makes it easy for its citizens to immigrate, and works hard, through its 10. ___________ embassies, to see that their rights as foreign workers are protected. PART IV TRANSLATION （60 MIN；40points） SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. 美国人有时把东方称为“不可思议”的，这正意味着他们对它不了解。我想 我比大多数美国人更为了解世界的这一部分。有关世界的这一部分，我也有 许多事情是不理解的。但是，有一点我是了解的：中国具有办好她必须做的 事情的天赋。基于中国目前的改革热情，她有能力使自己的传统适应当前世 界，而且有能力更新其结构，以使中国在二十一世纪成为一个伟大的进步的 国家，一个经济上强盛，足以为自己的文化与传统感到自豪的国家，一个坚 定的独立，并维护其它民族享有自身独立的同等权利的国家。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. While novelists must belong to their own day, the great novelist is not confined by that. Poor novels do pass away with their time; they pass because they concerned themselves only with the ephemeral parts of human experience, not with its lasting essentials. But in the great novel, we recognize those essentials that run through all experience, independent of time. We may, in fact, see for the first time what those essentials are. We see, too, why fundamentally men and women have changed so little. In a novel that has been great enough to survive the years, we shall find very little that is unfamiliar or queer. Any feeling of queerness 第 12 页 共 12 页 evaporates in the course of the first pages. Differences of speech, costume, habits, manners do not affect us as we had thought they would: instead, we are made aware of the underlying likeness of life then to life as it is today. PART V WRITING (50 MIN; 30points) The very word of networks changes people’s lives a great deal and is the world thousands and hundreds of people surf online everyday. So there occurs a question—should there be someone guarding the Net? Someone thinks that networks don't want Cyber-police guards，but other people have different ideas. And what is your opinion. You are to write an essay of about 400 words on the topic given below. SHOULD CYBER-POLICE GUARD THE NET? In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. EXAMPLE SHOULD CYBER-POLICE GUARD THE NET?