1984年版高中英语课本第一册

1984年版高中英语课本第一册LESSON1HOWMARXLEARNEDFOREIGNLANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语KarIMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativeIanguage・Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomeIandforpoliticaIreasons・HestayedinBelgiumforafewyears;thenhewenttoFranee.Beforelonghehadtomoveonagain.In1849,hewenttoEngIandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.MarxhadlearnedsomeFrenchandEnglishatschooI.WhenhegottoEngland,hefoundthathisEnglishwastooIimited.Hestartedworkinghardtoimproveit.HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticIesinEnglishforanAmericannewspaper.Infact,hisEngIishinoneofthesearticIeswassogoodthatEngeIswrotehimaletterandpraisedhimforit.MarxwrotebacktosaythatEngels'praisehadgreatlyencouragedhim.However,hewentontoexpIainthathewasnottoosureabouttwothings——thegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.Theseletterswerewrittenin1853.IntheyearsthatfoIIowed,MarxkeptonstudyingEnglishandusingit.Whenhewroteoneofhisgreatworks,TheCivilWarinFranee,hehadmasteredtheIanguagesoweIIthathewasabIetowritethebookinEnglish・Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasaIreadyinhisfifties,hefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia,sohebegantoIearnRussian.AttheendofsixmonthshehadIearnedenoughtoreadarticIesandreportsinRussian.Inoneofhisbooks,MarxgavesomeadviceonhowtoIearnaforeignlanguage・HesaidwhenpeopleareIearningaforeignIanguage,theyshouIdnottransIateeverythingintotheirownIanguage・Iftheydothis,itshowstheyhavenotmasteredit.Whentheyusedtheforeignlanguage,theyshouIdtrytoforgetaIIabouttheirown.Iftheycannotdothis,theyhavenotreaIIyIearnedthespiritoftheforeignIanguageandcannotuseitfreeIy.LESSON2ATHOMEINTHEFUTURE未来的家AmedicaIexaminationwithoutadoctorornurseintheroomDoingshoppingathomeBorrowingbooksfromtheIibrarywithoutIeavingyourhomeTheseideasmayseemstrangetoyou・ButscientistsareworkinghardtoturnthemintoreaIities・Letussupposewecanvisitahomeattheendofthiscentury.WewiIIvisitaboynamedCharIieGreen・Heisnotfee丨ingweIIthismorning.Hismother,MrsGreen,wantsthedoctortoseehim.Thatis,shewantsthedoctortoIistentohim.ShebringsasetofwirestoCharIie1sroom.ThesewiresarecaIIedsensors.Sheplacesonesensorinhismouthandoneonhischest・Sheputsanotheronearoundhiswristandoneonhisforehead・ThenshepIugsthesensorsintoawaIIoutIet.Shesaysthecode"TCP”.Thismeans"teIephonecaIIpIaced・AlittleIightflashesonthewall.TheGreen'swireIessteIephoneisreadyforacaII・MrsGreensays"2478",thedoctor'stelephonenumber.FromaspeakeronthewaIIcomesthedoctor'svoice:HGoodmorning・""Goodmorning,DrScott,nanswersMrsGreen."CharIieisn'tfeeIingtoowellthismorning.I'veputthesensorsonhim.Iwonderifyoucanexaminehimnow.u"Sure,uthedoctor'svoicesays."WeiI,hedoesn'thaveafever.AndhispuIseisfine.Now,breathedeepIy,CharIie・"CharIiedoesso.nJustaIittlecold,Hsaysthedoctor."Betterstayinsidetoday,CharIie.Andtakeiteasy."uThankyou,Doctor,nsaysMrsGreen.HTCC(teIephonecaIIcompIeted)."TheIightonthewaIIturnsoff.ThephonecaIIandtheexaminationarefinished・uCharIie,HsaysMrsGreen,usineeyouhavetostayathome,whydon*tyoudosomeshoppingYoucanpickoutyournewbieyeIe.Afterall,yourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway.nuGreat,"CharIieanswers>CharIieandhismothersitinfrontofoneofthevisionphones.ThereareseveraIintheirhouse・"TCP,"saysCharIie.Thewordreadyappearsonthescreenofthevisionphone."NewForestBicycleShop,navoicesays・"MayIhelpyouChar1ieanswers,HI1d1iketoseeyourten-speedbieye1es."1nthenextfewminutes,picturesofmanymode1softhebicyclesarefIashedonthecreen.ThepriceofeachmodeIisaIsoshown・Thenthevoiceasks,"AreyouinterestedinanyofthesemodeIsn"Yes,I1minterestedinmodeI6.""Doyouwishtop1aceanorderatthistime11"Notjustyet,”answersMrsGreen."Myson'sbirthdayisintwoweeks1time.Thankyou.TCC."Thevisionphoneshutsoff.SuchwouIdbeourhomeinthefuture.LESSON3THEBLINDMENANDTHEELEPHANT盲人和象OnceuponatimethereweresixblindmenwhoIivedinaviIIageinIndia.Everydaytheywenttotheroadnearbyandstoodtherebegging.TheyhadoftenheardofeIephants,buttheyhadneverseenone,for,beingbIind,howcouIdtheyOnemorninganeIephantwasleddowntheroadwheretheystood.WhentheyheardthataneIephantwaspassingby,theyaskedthedrivertostopthebeastsothattheycouIdhavea"look”.OfcoursetheycouIdnotlookathimwiththeireyes,buttheythoughttheymightlearnwhatkindofanimalhewasbytouchingandfeeIinghim.For,yousee,theytrusttheirownsenseoftouchverymuch・ThefirstblindmanhappenedtopIacehishandontheeIephant'sside・"WeiI,well,hesaid."ThisbeastisexactlyIikeawall."ThesecondgraspedoneoftheeIephant'stusksandfe11it."You'requitemistaken,"hesaid."He'sroundandsmoothandsharp•He'smoreIikeaspearthananythingelse."ThethirdhappenedtotakehoIdoftheeIephant'strunk・"You'rebothcompIetelywrong,"hesaid・"ThiseIepharrtisIikeasnake,asanybodycansee.ThefourthopenedbothhisarmsthecIosedthemaroundoneoftheeIephant*sIegs・"Oh,howblindyouare!Hhecried・"It'sverycIearthathe'sroundandtaIIIikeatree.”ThefifthwasaverytaIIman,andhecaughtoneoftheeIephant'sears・"EventhebIindestpersonmustseethatthiseIephantisn'tlikeanyofthethingsyouname.Hhesiad・"He'sexactlylikeahugefan.nThesixthmanwentforwardtofeeltheeIephant・HewasoIdandslowandittookhimquitesometimetofindtheeIephantataII・At丨asthegotholdofthebeast'stail.H0h,howsillyyouaIIare!Hcriedhe."TheeIephantisn'tIikeawa丨I,oraspear,orasnake,oratree;neitherisheIikeafan.Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearopeThenthedriverandtheeIephantmovedon,andthesixmensatbytheroadsideaIIday,quarreIIingabouttheeIephant.TheycouIdnotagreewithoneanother,becauseeachbeIievedthatheknewjustwhatthebeastlookedIike.Itisnotonlyblindmenwhomakesuchstupidmistakes・PeopIewhocanseesometimesactjustasfooIishIy.LESSON4GALILEOANDARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德About2300yearsago,thereIivedinGreeceagreatthinkernamedAristotle.HeobservedthatfeathersfeIItothegroundslowly,whilestonesfeIImuchfaster.HethoughtitovercarefuIIyandconcIudedthatheavyobjectsaIwaysfeIIfasterthanIightones.HisconeIusioncertainlysoundedreasonaIe・Butwenowknowthatitisnottrue.InthosedayspeopleseIdomdidexperimentstotesttheirideas.Whentheyobservedanythingthathappened,theythoughtaboutitandthendrewaconcIusion.OnceAristotlemadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfeIIfasterthanIightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.AndbecausehewasAristotle,thegreatthinker,noonequestionedhisideaforaImost2000years・Then,aImost400yearsago,anItaIianscientistnamedGalileobegantoquestionAristotIe'stheoryoffaIIingobjects.HewasnotreadytobeIievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.HedecidedtodosomeexperimentstotestAristotIe*stheory.GalileoIivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh・FromthetopofthetowerGalileodroppedaIightbaIIandaheavybaIIatexactlythesametime.TheybothfeIIataboutthesamespeedandhitthegroundtogether・Hetriedtheexperimentsagainandagain.EverytimehegotthesameresuIt.Atlast,hedecidedthathehadfoundthetruthaboutfallingobjects.Asweknownow,heavyobjectsandIightobjectsfaIIatthesamespeedunIessairhoIdsthemback.AfeatherfallssIowerthanastoneonlybecausetheairhoIdsthefeatherbackmorethanitdoesthestone.WhenGalileotoldpeopIeofhisdiscovery,noonewouldbeIivehim.ButGalileowasnotdiscouraged・HewentondoingexperimentstotestthetruthofotheroIdideas・HebuiltateIescopethroughwhichhecouIdstudytheskies・HecolIectedfactsthatprovedtheearthandaIItheotherpIanetsmovearoundthesun・TodaywepraiseGalileoandcaIIhimoneofthefoundersofmodernscience・HeobservedthingscarefuIIyandnevertookanythingforgranted.Instead,hedidexperimentstotestandproveanideabeforehewasreadytoacceptit.AnexperimentwasdoneonthemooninJuIy,1971・OneoftheUSastronautswhomadethefirstdeepspacewaIkonthemoondroppedahammerandafeathertogether・TheybothIandedonthesurfaceofthemoonatthesametime.ThisexperimentprovedthatGalileo'stheoryoffaIIingobjectsistrue.LESSON5THELOSTNECKLACE丢失的项链Place:aparkinParisTime:asummerafternoonin1870PeopIe:MathiIdeLoisel,wifePierreLoiseI,husbandJeanneForrestier,theirfriend(Jeanneissittinginthepark・MathiIdewaIkstowardsher,shestopsandspeakstoJeanne.)MathiIde:Goodafternoon,Jeanne.Jeanne:(Lookingattheotherwoman)I'msorry,butIdon'tthinkIknowyou.MathiIde:No,youwouIdn't,butmanyyearsagoyouknewmeweII・I'mMathiIdeLoiseI.Jeanne:MathiIde!MyoldschooIfriend.IsitpossibIeButyes,ofcourseitis.NowIremember.WherehaveyoubeenaIItheseyears,MathiIdeIhopeyouweren1till.MathiIde:No,Jeanne,Iwasn*till.Youseehereanoldwoman・Butit'sbecauseofhardwork一tenyearsofhardwork.Jeanne:ButIdon'tunderstand,MathiIde.There*sonIyoneyearbetweenus;I'mthirty-fiveandyou*rethirty-four・CanhardworkchangeapersonthatmuchMathiIde:Yes,itcan.Yearsofhardwork,littlefood,onIyacoldroomtoliveinandnever,neveramomenttorest・ThathasbeenmyIifeforthesepasttenyears.Jeanne:MathiIde!Ididin'tknow.I'msorry・ButwhathappenedMathiIde:Well,Iwouldrathernottellyou.Jeanne:Oh,come,MathiIde.Sure1yyoucante11anoldfriend.MathiIde:Well,…Well,itwasaIInecauseofthatneckIace.YourneckIace・Jeanne:Myneck1aceMathiIde:Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhen1cametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondneckIaceJeanne:Letmethink.Tenyearsago.・•Oh,yes,1remember.YouweregoingtothepaIacewithyourhusband,Ithink.MathiIde:Right・Pierrewasworkinginagovenrmentoffice,andforthefirsttimeinourIiveswewereinvitedtoanimportantball.(ThescenechangedtothateveninginthehomeofPierreandMathiIdeLoiseI.)Pierre:Yes,MathiIde,we1regoingtotheball,thepaIaceball!MathiIde:Ican'tbeIieveit!MathiIde:Oh,Piere,howwonderfu1!But1haven'tgotadressfortheball!Pierre;WhatdoesaneweveningdresscostMathiIde:MathiIde:Aboutfourhundredfrancs.Pierre:Fourhundred!That'salotofmoney.Butperhaps,Piere:Butit'strue.justthisonce,we'llusewhatwehavetogetanewdressforyou.Thisballisveryimportanttome.IwastheonIypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.Mathi1de:Thankyou,Pierre,you*resokind.Oh,butthere1soneotherthing...Pierre:Whatisit,MathiIdeMathide:1...1havenojewe1ry.Pierre:Jewe1ryDoyouneedjewe1ryWhynotjustaflowerMathiIde:Togotothepa1acewithjustafloweristosay"I'mpoor.1haven'tgotanyjewe1ry."Pierre:Can'tyouborrowsomejewe1ryfromafriend,MathiIdeJeanne:UntilyousawthediamondneckIace