毛荣贵-翻译美学

毛荣贵,翻译美学,上海交通大学出版社,2005年11月 ●翻译美学的研究对象是翻译中的审美客体(原文、译文),翻译中的审美主体(译者、 读者),翻译中的审美活动,翻译中的审美判断,审美欣赏,审美标准以及翻译过程中富于创造性的审美再现等等。 ●生在杭州,吃在广州,死在柳州。 It is good to live in Hangzhou, to eat in Guangzhou, and to die in Liuzhou.(意合美,译文无审美价值,无基本的“有效性”及“合适性”) 语感中包含了美感的译者,其译文将是: There are three best choices in China-living in Hangzhou, eating in Guangzhou and buying a wooden coffin in Liuzhou.(p. 23) ●As a youngster I was effervescent, outgoing, and I talked too much. I had a talent for saying the wrong things at the wrong time. I tortured myself because of the foolish things I had said. 有基本语感的译者会译成: 我年轻的时候,活力四射,乐于助人,非常健谈,却不知道在什么场合说什么话。言既出口,内心又懊恼不已。 试译:我年轻的时候,活力四射,乐于助人,非常健谈,而且还有在错误的场合发表错误言论的才能。言既出口,内心又懊恼不已。(23-24) ●The dress set off to perfection the seventeen-inch waist, the smallest in three counties, and tightly fitting basque showed breasts well matured for her sixteen years.(Gone with the Wind) 傅东华:她的腰围不过十七英寸,穿着那窄窄的春衫,显得十分合身。里面紧紧绷着一件小马甲,使得她胸部特别隆起。她的年纪虽只十六岁,乳房却已十分成熟了。 改译:她的十七英寸的腰围,在附近三个县里算是最细的了,这身衣服把她的细腰束得尽善尽美,年方十六的她,乳房已经十分丰满,那紧而贴身的小马甲,更使其跃然显现。 (28) ●Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. 变化是生活的一部分,而且也塑造了人的意志品德,亲爱的。当你不喜欢的事情发生了,你有两种选择:要么痛苦不堪;要么痛快达观。(31) ●Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 青春不是年华,而是心境;它不是桃面,朱唇,柔膝;它是坚定的意志,驰骋的想象,炽热的情感;它是生命的源泉,汩汩地涌出。(31-32) Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, of the craving for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. 青春意味着性情的优越,勇气驱走怯懦,冒险战胜苟安。二十岁有之,六十岁则更常见。 岁月有加,并非垂老;理想泯灭,暮年即至。(32) Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. 岁月悠悠,容颜衰老;抛弃热忱,心灵受损。担忧、恐惧、自暴自弃。必然重创心灵,令心灵屈从、精神蒙尘。(32) Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being?s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what?s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young. 无论年届花甲, 还是二八芳龄,心中皆有奇迹的诱惑,永恒的童真,生命的快乐,你我心中皆有一台天线,只要接收来自人们和上帝的美丽、希望、快乐、勇敢的信息,就会青春永驻,风华正茂。(32) When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with sorrow of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 30, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80. 一旦天线倒下,心灵为愤世嫉俗和悲观厌世的冰雪所覆盖,你就有可能年方二八而衰;只要天线不倒,不断接受乐观的电波,你有望年届八十而终,年轻依旧。(32) ●During the war he was sent on dangerous secret missions abroad. Very exciting! He was a sort of James Bond. 在战争中,他被派往国外担任一项危险的秘密使命。太令人兴奋了! 他是位出色的谍报人员。(34) ●To many parents, the three Gs---gays, guys and gangs---have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of school life.对于许多父母来说,同性恋、枪支、团体这三个词已经代替了读、写、算作为学校的标准尺度。(36) ●More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood, not joblessness, was the problem. 最近,由于坚持认为是未婚母亲而不是失业才是问题症结所在,他使自己卷入关于福利政策改革的争论中去。(37-38)●The rocks presented a high impenetrable wall, over which the torrent came tumbling in a sheet of feathery foam, and fell into a broad, deep basin, black from the shadows of the surrounding forest. 山岩壁立,不可逾越。岩顶上一道的瀑布,飞流直下,水花四溅,雾气弥漫,山泉轰然落入一个宽广的深潭,周围树林的影子,使得潭水一片黝黑。(42)●Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. 其后,河面逐渐展宽,两岸相距愈远,水流趋缓,最后则流入大海,与海水融为一体,海天一色,平心静气地结束其单独存在的那一段历程。(43) ●(物称)The horrible sense of his view of her so deadened her that she staggered.真没想到, 他居然会这样看待她;她吓得魂飞魄散,体瘫肢软。(45) Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-time testing. (When we are doing an analysis of a damaged material, it usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-time testing.) The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation. (The effectiveness of the electronic computer is achieved because it has great speed and accuracy in calculation.) Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties. (Even though we dissolve it in water, we cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.) ●Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blow into her room. 这种病使她特别敏感不安,她越发急切于抓住人生不放,似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福挤到最后一滴而后已。这病使她多么羡慕人家的健康,也使她多愁善感,见一叶飘零,随风入室,便愁绪满怀,无已自解。(46) ●It begins when a feeling of stillness creeps into my consciousness. Everything has suddenly gone quiet. Birds do not chirp. Leaves do not rustle. Insects do not sing. 1.起初,有一种平静的感觉悄然袭上我的心头。刹那间,万物都沉寂无声。鸟儿不再 啁啾,树叶不再沙沙作响,昆虫也停止了欢唱。 2.起初,有一种平静的感觉悄然爬上我的心头。世间万物,顿时沉寂。鸟儿不再啁啾, 树叶不再婆娑,昆虫不再吟唱。(65) ●For the rest, after the first six months, she grew quickly, and could soon walk and talk. She was a real beauty, with the Earnshaws? handsome dark eyes, but the Linton?s fair skin, and small features with blonde, curly hair. She was sensitive and affectionate. She did not look a great deal like her mother, as she could be sweet and gentle; her anger was never furious, and her love was deep and tender. 1.其余的时候呢,她在六个月之后,就成长得很快,也很快会走路说话了。她真是个 美人,继承了恩萧家漂亮的黑眼睛,却有林顿家的细白皮肤,秀气的脸庞和金色的 卷发。她是个善感、温柔的女孩子。她并不很像她的母亲,因为她是那么温和、恬 静;她即使生气也不会发怒的,而她的爱是那样深沉、柔和。 2.其余的时候呢,她在六个月之后,就成长得很快,也很快会走路说话了。她真是个 美人,继承了恩萧家漂亮的黑眼睛,却有林顿家的细白皮肤,秀气的脸庞和金色的 卷发。她是个善解人意、温柔体贴的女子。她并不很像她的母亲,因为她是那么温 和恬静;她的怒,绝非暴风骤雨般的狂怒;她的爱,却似水柔情般的挚爱。 翻译,在某种程度上说,是对译者协作能力的一种考验。原文所无的美,尤其是表 象美,能在译者笔下创造扯拉。比如上一段末句,何等平淡:她即使生气也不会发 怒的,而且她的爱是那样深沉、柔和。译文2就平添了几分表达整饰美和形象美(69)●If any one would make me the greatest king that ever lived, with palaces and gardens and fine dinners, and wines and coaches, and beautiful clothes, and hundreds of servants, on condition that I should not read books, I would not be a king. I would rather be a poor man in garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love reading. 如果有人让我成为有史以来最伟大的君王,给我宫殿花园,锦食美食、琼浆玉液、香车宝马、成群奴婢,但须以不再读书为代价,我宁可不作君王。我宁愿作一个身处阁楼但有书相伴的穷人,而不作一个不爱读书的君王。(70) ●We can nowhere find a better type of a perfectly free creature than in the common house fly. Not free only, but brave. There is no courtesy in him; he does not care whether it is king or clown whom he tastes; and in every step of his swift, mechanical march, and in every pause of his resolute observation, there is one and the same expression of perfect egotism, perfect independence and self-confidence, and conviction of the world?s having been made for flies. Strike at him with your hand; and to him, the aspect of the matter is, what to you it would be, if an acre of red clay, ten feet thick, tore itself up from the ground and came crashing down with an aim. He steps out of the way of your hand, and alights on the back of it. You cannot terrify him, nor govern him, nor persuade him, nor convince him. He has his won positive opinion on all matters; not an unwise one, usually, for his own ends; and will ask no advice of yours. He has no work to do---no tyrannical insects to obey. The earthworm has his digging; the bee her gathering and building; the spider her cunning network; the ant her treasury and accounts. All these are comparative slaves, or people of business. But your fly, free in the air, free in the chamber---a black incarnation of caprice---wondering, investigating, flitting, flirting, feasting at his will, with rich variety of choice in feast, from the heaped sweets in the grocer?s window to chose of the butcher?s back yard---what freedom is like this? (John Ruskin: The Freedom of the Fly) 我们无论在什么地方都找不到像普通家蝇那样一种绝对自由的生物了。苍蝇不仅自由放任,而且勇敢无畏。它全然不将什么谦恭礼让,不管是高贵的国王,还是贫贱的村夫,它都毫不在意,照样去吮舔;在它敏捷而机械式地前进的每一步,或在它果断观察的每一间歇,总是露出一副自命不凡、无求于人、十分自信的申请,俨然认为世界是为苍蝇而创造的。 如果你用手去拍打它,其情其景好像一块一英亩大十英尺厚的红色黏土拔地而起,突然劈头盖脑地照直朝你猛砸下来。可是,苍蝇却振翅一飞,逃脱了你的一掌一击,接着又轻落在你的手背上。你吓不倒它,制服不了它;既不能动之以情,也不能晓之以理。 苍蝇对一切事物都有自己的明确的见解,就其所要达到的目的而言,这些见解却也不失为睿智之见。它不会征求您的高见。苍蝇无需干活,在虫豸中没有统治它的暴君能使之俯首听命。蚯蚓要疏松土壤;蜜蜂要采花酿蜜和营造蜂房;蜘蛛要巧结迷网;蚂蚁也要聚财盘宝。相形之下,它们只是一群庸碌之辈。而我们的苍蝇却在户外逍遥自在,活像一位反复无常的黑色精灵鬼。它到处游逛,到处查访,东飞西荡,搔首弄姿,同时还能大饱口福,从食品店橱窗里陈列的糖果点心到肉铺后院存放的大堆肉食,诸般美味,任其挑选,还有何种自由堪与之媲美呢?(77-78) ●当夜幕无声落下,将一切远山近景从你的视线抹去的时候;当热闹的晚会结束,欢声笑 语已经消逝的时候,什么都没有留下,只有思想还在活动。 1.When night falls, blurring from view the distant hills and the nearby landscape, or when a hilarious party is over and all the noise and laughter gone, nothing is left but your own thoughts. 2.Nothing, but your own thoughts, is left, when night falls, blurring from view the distant hills and the nearby landscape, or when a hilarious party is over and all the noise and laughter gone. 英语句子以“尾重”(end-weight)为美。(80) ●In a wagon, you can be one place today and another the next day. 1.坐着马车,你今天可以在一个地方,明天又可以在另外一个地方。 2.坐着马车,你可以今日看山,明天玩水。(87) ●I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word.(英国18世纪大演说家 Charles James Fox认为他的对手William Pitt比他更加出色) 1.我总是能凑合找个词儿说说,可是皮特什么时候都能找到恰如其分的词儿。 2.我总能找到一个词,而皮特总能找到那个绝妙好词。 3.我总能找到一个觉得妙的词,而皮特总能找到那个意思其党的词。 4.我和皮特都能出口成章,但我用的词大都不可言妙,而他用的总是妙不可言。 改译:我总是滔滔不绝,而皮特则是字字珠玑。(88-89) ●Mole had suddenly realized that his old house was nearby. It was very close. All Mole had to do was find it. All of a sudden he deeply wanted to see his old home again. Mole?s house was small, and not as nice as his friend?s houses. But it was his, and he wanted to see it! 1.鼹鼠突然记起,他的老家就在这附近,近得很。此时,他需要干的就是去发现它。 突然,他真的想再看一眼他的老家。他的家很小,没有朋友们的那么气派,但那毕 竟是自己的家呀,他就是想看看! 2.鼹鼠突然记起,他的老家就在这附近,近得很。此时,他需要干的,只要四下寻找 一下就行了。突然,他真的想再看一眼他的老家。他的家很小,没有朋友们的那么 气派,但那毕竟是自己的家呀,他就是想看看!(89) ●So long, chicken. Hello! Tofu. Tofu and a host of other products made from the mighty soybean are pushing aside meat, milk and even ice cream on grocery store shelves these days as scientists rave about the health benefits of soy. 1.再见,鸡肉。你好豆腐!科学家们对大豆有益健康的赞扬,使得如今着杂货店的货 架上,豆腐和其他很多用大豆制成的食品正逐步取代肉类、牛奶甚至冰淇淋。 2.再见,鸡肉。你好,豆腐!因科学家们对大豆有益健康的事实摇旗呐喊,而使得如 今杂货店的货架上的豆腐和其他豆制品正在把肉类、牛奶甚至冰淇淋挤到一旁。 (91) ●The rich man believes he possesses his big house, his expensive clothes, his horses and servants and his bank accounts. He does not. He depends on them. He worries about them. They possess him. He is their slave. 1.有钱人认为他拥有大房子、昂贵的服饰、马匹、奴婢和银行存折。其实,他并没有 真正拥有,他依靠着这些财富,他为财富而忧心忡忡,是财富占有了他。他是财富 的奴隶。 2.富人以为是他占有大屋、华服、马群、奴仆和银行存折。不。富人傍财而活,为财 所累,被财所占。富人,财之奴也。(105) ●Parents bear children, bore teenagers and board new weds.父母生儿育女,还要招青春期子 女的厌烦,待其新婚时,还得包吃包住。(114) ●Accident: car, caress, careless and carless.车祸:驾车上路、卿卿我我、一不当心,车子没 了。(114) ●林语堂译《声声慢》:多少年来,译界高手趋之若鹜,竞相译之,在众多译作中,林语 堂的译文闪闪发光,胜出一筹!林译不仅一气连用了七个so,更让人叫好的是,林译连用了七个以d字母开头的形容词,一气呵成,自然构成了Alliteration,与李清照的原诗的尾韵遥相呼应,词趣洋溢。(118) ●Spring (Thomas Nash) The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young love meet, old wives a-sunning sit. In every street these tunes our ears do greet, Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo! Spring! The sweet Spring! 遐思译: 田野吐芬芳,雏菊舔衣裳, 情侣去踏青,老妪暖夕阳, 悠悠春之声,入耳实难忘。 布谷声声叫,夜莺呖呖唱! 春!馨香的春!(120) ●Disease: ill, pill, bill and sometimes will.疾病:不舒服,吃药,付帐单,有时还要写遗嘱。 (121) ●Better late than the late. 1.迟到总比丧命好。 2.晚了总比完了好。(127) ●我从小就对自己没有信心,这是问题的根子。这种情绪使我受到一点点表扬多会难为情, 使我怎么也说不出一个“不”字,也使我不敢向父母多要一分钱。此外,这种缺乏信心的情况也影响了我对钢琴的热爱。 1.I lack confidence since childhood, which was the root of the problem. I would feel