考研阅读理解真题英语一

考研阅读理解真题英语一　　考研阅读理解真题英语一1　　Text2　　WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust，hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses，hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision，”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks，hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup，whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.　　McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn‘talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.　　Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.　　Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey：“Ican‘tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”　　Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage，sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.　　Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit‘ssafertostaywhereyouare，butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted，”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho‘vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”　　26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture，hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing　　[A]arrogant.　　[B]frank.　　[C]self-centered.　　[D]impulsive.　　27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives‘quittingmaybespurredby　　[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.　　[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.　　[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.　　[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.　　28.Theword“poached”(Line3，Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans　　[A]approvedof.　　[B]attendedto.　　[C]huntedfor.　　[D]guardedagainst.　　29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat　　[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.　　[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.　　[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.　　[D]it‘ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.　　30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?　　[A]CEOs：WheretoGo?　　[B]CEOs：AlltheWayUp?　　[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet　　[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers　　考研阅读理解真题英语一2　　TEXT2　　JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.　　Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.　　ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.　　TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.ThecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof"cloudcomputing."meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.　　ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.　　26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto　　[A]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.　　[B]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.　　[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.　　[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.　　27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof　　[A]tolerance.　　[B]indifference.　　[C]disapproval.　　[D]cautiousness.　　28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscomparableto　　[A]gettingintoonesresidence.　　[B]handingoneshistoricalrecords.　　[C]scanningonescorrespondences.　　[D]goingthroughoneswallet.　　29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat　　[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.　　[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.　　[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.　　[D]citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected.　　30.OrinKerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat　　(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.　　(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.　　(C)CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.　　(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.　　考研阅读理解真题英语一3　　Text2　　AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.　　MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe20XXpresidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.　　Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.　　Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A20XXsurveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.　　Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.　　Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.　　26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson　　[A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.　　[B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.　　[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.　　[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.　　27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto　　[A]sharpen　　[B]define　　[C]boast　　[D]share　　28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople　　[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.　　[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.　　[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.　　[D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”　　29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis　　[A]readersoutdatedvalues.　　[B]journalists’biasedreporting　　[C]readers’misinterpretation　　[D]journalists’made-upstories.　　30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?　　[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline　　[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend　　[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.　　[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.　　考研阅读理解真题英语一4　　Text2　　Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.　　Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.　　Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.　　Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.　　Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.　　26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto　　[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.　　[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.　　[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.　　[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.　　答案：D。该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”与题干有重合之处，选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意，第一段的But是个假转折词，并非答案处。　　27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?　　[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.　　[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.　　[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.　　[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.　　答案：C。该题是细节题，考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，根据题干关键词“thecostsoflegaleducation”精确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.”分析选项可知，选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。　　28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom　　[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.　　[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.　　[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.　　[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.　　答案：B。该题是原因细节题，问****。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，根据题干关键词“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”选项B即为该句的同义替换。　　29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit　　[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.　　[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.　　[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.　　[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.　　答案：A。该题为因果细节题，问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次，题干中出现“theguild-likeownershipstructure”，精确定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此外，在该段最后一句提到“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。　　30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses　　[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.　　[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.　　[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.　　[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.　　答案：C。该题为*主旨题，考察*中心。该篇*属于问题解决型*，前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题，最后一段提出了解决措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.”。因此，该篇属于问题解决型*，选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节，以偏概全。　　　　考研英语一