考研阅读理解真
英语一 考研阅读理解真题英语一1 Text2 WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29. McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn‘talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations. Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders. Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:“Ican‘tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.” Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater. Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit‘ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho‘vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.” 26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing [A]arrogant. [B]frank. [C]self-centered. [D]impulsive. 27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives‘quittingmaybespurredby [A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus. [B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife. [C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards. [D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals. 28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans [A]approvedof. [B]attendedto. [C]huntedfor. [D]guardedagainst. 29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat [A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts. [B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated. [C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations. [D]it‘ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules. 30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext? [A]CEOs:WheretoGo? [B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp? [C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet [D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers 考研阅读理解真题英语一2 TEXT2 JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest. Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies. ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants. TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.ThecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof"cloudcomputing."meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier. ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow. 26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto [A]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant. [B]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized. [C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents. [D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones. 27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof [A]tolerance. [B]indifference. [C]disapproval. [D]cautiousness. 28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscomparableto [A]gettingintoonesresidence. [B]handingoneshistoricalrecords. [C]scanningonescorrespondences. [D]goingthroughoneswallet. 29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat [A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed. [B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction. [C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation. [D]citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected. 30.OrinKerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat (A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly. (B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution. (C)CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution. (D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered. 考研阅读理解真题英语一3 Text2 AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform. MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe20XXpresidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant. Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded. Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A20XXsurveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement. Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup. Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia. 26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson [A]thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice. [B]people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms. [C]theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation. [D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews. 27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto [A]sharpen [B]define [C]boast [D]share 28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople [A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace. [B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources. [C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility. [D]liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust” 29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis [A]readersoutdatedvalues. [B]journalists’biasedreporting [C]readers’misinterpretation [D]journalists’made-upstories. 30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? [A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline [B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend [C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia. [D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests. 考研阅读理解真题英语一4 Text2 Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica. Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare. Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard. Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically. Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow. 26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto [A]thegrowingdemandfromclients. [B]theincreasingpressureofinflation. [C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms. [D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.
:D。该题是因果细节题,考察细节。首先,根据段落定位原则模糊定位,定位到前几段。其次,再精确定位,题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”,回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息,然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”与题干有重合之处,选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意,第一段的But是个假转折词,并非答案处。 27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates? [A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies. [B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation. [C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor. [D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations. 答案:C。该题是细节题,考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次,根据题干关键词“thecostsoflegaleducation”精确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation”,因此定位句的下一句就是答案,即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.”
选项可知,选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。 28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom [A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance. [B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession. [C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers. [D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism. 答案:B。该题是原因细节题,问****。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次,根据题干关键词“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”选项B即为该句的同义替换。 29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit [A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession. [B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares. [C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade. [D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits. 答案:A。该题为因果细节题,问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次,题干中出现“theguild-likeownershipstructure”,精确定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此外,在该段最后一句提到“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。 30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses [A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses. [B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica. [C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit. [D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation. 答案:C。该题为*主旨题,考察*中心。该篇*属于问题解决型*,前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题,最后一段提出了解决措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.”。因此,该篇属于问题解决型*,选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节,以偏概全。 考研英语一