saej1976v002

SAETechnicalStandardsBoardRulesprovidethat:“ThisreportispublishedbySAEtoadvancethestateoftechnicalandengineeringsciences.Theuseofthisreportisentirelyvoluntary,anditsapplicabilityandsuitabilityforanyparticularuse,includinganypatentinfringementarisingtherefrom,isthesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.”SAEreviewseachtechnicalreportatleasteveryfiveyearsatwhichtimeitmaybereaffirmed,revised,orcancelled.SAEinvitesyourwrittencommentsandsuggestions.TOPLACEADOCUMENTORDER:+1(724)776-4970FAX:+1(724)776-0790SAEWEBADDRESShttp://www.sae.orgCopyright2002SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinU.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001STANDARDJ1976REV.MAR2002Issued1989-06Revised2002-03SupersedingJ1976FEB1994(R)OutdoorWeatheringofExteriorMaterials1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodspecifiestheexposurerack(s),blackbox(es),andinstrumentation,whichshallbeusedfortheoutdoorweatheringofmaterialsforautomotiveexteriorapplication.1.2Alldimensionsarenominalunlessotherwisenoted.1.3Alistofapprovedexposuretestsitesisgenerallyavailablefromspecifiedautomotivemanufacturers.1.4Samplepreparation,exposureduration,andperformanceevaluationproceduresnotpresentedinthismethodarecoveredinmaterialspecificationsofthedifferentautomotivemanufacturers.1.5Thismethodincludesthreeprocedures:1.5.1PROCEDUREA—Exposureinarackwithoutbacking;or,asrequired,(1)expandedmetalbacking,or(2)backedplywoodatafixedangleof5degreesfromthehorizontalfacingtheequator.1.5.2PROCEDUREB—Exposureinanunheatedblackboxatafixedangleof5degreesfromthehorizontalfacingtheequator.Fornon-rigidspecimens,seenotebelow.1.5.3PROCEDUREC—Exposureatanglesotherthan5degreesasspecifiedinPROCEDUREAANDPROCEDUREB.1.5.3.1SpecialTests—Theseareestablishedonanas-neededbasistoduplicateend-useconditions.Examplesarein-servicepositionoflargeassembliesorcomponentsthatcannotbeaccommodatedina5degreesexposurerack.NOTE—Ifrequiredfornonrigidspecimens,useexpandedmetalbackingforunbackedexposures.Exposespecimensinarackwithplywoodbacking13mmto19mm(1/2into3/4in)thathaveanend-useapplicationinabackedconfiguration.SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-2-2.References2.1ApplicablePublications—Oneormoreofthefollowingdocumentsmayberequiredformaterialsevaluationbeforeandafterexposure.Evaluationproceduresshallbespecifiedbythedifferentautomotivemanufacturers:2.1.1SAEPUBLICATIONS—AvailablefromSAE,400CommonwealthDrive,Warrendale,PA15096-0001SAEJ400—TestforChipResistanceofSurfaceCoatingsSAEJ1545—InstrumentalColorDifferenceMeasurementsforExteriorFinishes,Textiles,andColoredTrim2.1.2ASTMPUBLICATIONS—AvailablefromASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428.ASTMG147—StandardPracticeforConditioningandHandlingofNonmetallicMaterialsforNaturalandArtificialWeatheringTestsASTMD523—StandardTestMethodforSpecularGlossASTMD610—StandardMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofRustingonPaintedSteelSurfacesASTMD714—StandardMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofBlisteringofPaintsASTMD772—StandardMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofFlaking(Scaling)ofExteriorPaintsASTMD2794—StandardMethodforResistanceofOrganicCoatingstotheEffectofRapidDeformation(Impact)ASTMD3002—StandardPracticeforEvaluationofCoatingsforPlasticsASTMD3359—StandardMethodforMeasuringAdhesionbyTapeTestASTMD3363—StandardTestMethodforFilmHardnessbyPencilTestASTMD3924—StandardSpecificationsforStandardEnvironmentforConditioningandTestingPaint,Varnish,Lacquer,andRelatedMaterialsASTMD4060—StandardTestMethodforAbrasionResistanceofOrganicCoatingsbytheTaberAbraserASTMD4214—StandardTestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofChalkingofExteriorPaintFilmsASTME313—StandardTestMethodforIndexofWhitenessandYellownessofNear-WhiteOpaqueMaterials2.1.3ISOPUBLICATIONS—AvailablefromANSI,25West43rdStreet,NewYork,NY10036-8002.ISO9223—Corrosionofmetalsandalloys—Corrosivityofatmospheres—MeasurementofpollutionISOTS16949–QualitySystems–AutomotiveSuppliers–ParticularrequirementsfortheapplicationofISO9001:1994ISO17025–Generalrequirementsforthecompetenceoftestingandcalibrationlaboratories3.SignificanceandUse3.1Thismethodshallbeusedtotesttheweatherresistanceofallmaterialsintendedforautomotiveexteriorapplications.Thosematerialscoveredbygovernmentspecificationsareexemptfromthisdocument.3.2Sincethenaturalenvironmentvariesconsiderablyduringanytwelve-monthperiodwithrespecttolocation,differentresultsmaybeexpectedamongsiteslocatedwithinthesameclimateclassificationorregion.3.2.1Exposurescanbeconductedinanytypeofclimate.However,toobtainresultsfromthemostsevereoutdoorenvironment,exposuresareoftenconductedinlocationsthatreceivehighlevelsofsolarradiation,temperature,andmoisture.Typically,theseconditionsarefoundinhotdesertandsubtropicalortropicalclimates,suchasPhoenix,ArizonaandMiami,Florida,respectively.Knownattributesoftheuseenvironmentshouldberepresentedbythelocationsselectedforoutdoordurabilityevaluation.Forexample,iftheuseenvironmentfortheproductbeingevaluatedwillincludefreeze/thawcycling,specimenexposureinanortherntemperateclimateisrecommended.Inaddition,exposuresareoftenconductedinareaswherespecimensaresubjectedtosaltair(seashore)orindustrialpollutants.SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-3-3.2.2Therelativedurabilityofmaterialsinnaturalexposurescanbeverydifferentdependingonthelocationoftheexposurebecauseofdifferencesinultraviolet(UV)radiation,timeofwetness,temperature,pollutants,andotherfactors.Therefore,itcannotbeassumedthatresultsfromexposureinasinglelocationwillbeusefulfordeterminingrelativedurabilityinadifferentlocation.Exposuresinseverallocationswithdifferentclimateswhichrepresentabroadrangeofanticipatedserviceconditionsarerecommended.3.2.3Becauseofyear-to-yearclimatologicalvariations,resultsfromasingleexposuretestcannotbeusedtopredicttheabsoluterateatwhichamaterialdegrades.Severalyearsofrepeatexposuresareneededtogetan“average”testresultforagivenlocation.3.2.4Solarultravioletradiationvariesconsiderablyasafunctionoftimeofyear.Thiscancauselargedifferencesintheapparentrateofdegradationinmanypolymers.Comparingresultsformaterialexposedforshortperiods(lessthanoneyear)isnotrecommendedunlessmaterialsareexposedatthesametimeinthesamelocation.4.Location4.1Therackand/orblackboxesshallbeplacedinanareafreefromobjectslikelytoshadethetestspecimensduringexposure.Theareabeneathandintheimmediatevicinityofthetestfixturesshouldbecharacterizedbylowreflectanceandbetypicalofthegroundcoverinthatclimatologicalarea.Thelowestsectionoftheracksorblackboxesshallbeatasufficientheightabovegroundtoavoidcontactwithvegetationandtopreventdamageduringareamaintenance.Aminimumheightof46cm(18in)abovethegroundisrecommendedoratasufficientheighttoavoidcontactwithvegetationandtopreventdamagethatmightoccurduringareamaintenance,whicheverisgreater.5.Construction5.1PanelExposureRacks–ProcedureA(CoatingSystems)5.1.1TheexposureracksandhardwareusedinProcedureAshallbeconstructedofanodizedaluminumoranapprovedequivalent.Theracksshallbedesignedforunbackedexposure.NOTE—ClearanodizedaluminumalloyNo.6061T6and6063T6havebeenfoundsuitableforconstructionofracksandframesforuseinallgeographiclocations.5.1.2Whenrequired,theracksshallbefittedwitha65mm(2.5in)shieldtoprovideanunexposedareaonthetestpiece.AtypicalpanelrackandfittedshieldforexposingcoatingsystemsisshowninFigure1.5.1.3Whenrequired,expandedmetalbackingshallbe0.03cm(0.012in)thick,flattenedmesh5005H34aluminumexpandedmetal,withanopeningsizeof0.270x0.690cm(0.106inx0.272in).5.1.4Forbackedexposures,useexteriorgradeplywoodtoformasolidsurfacetowhichthespecimensaredirectlyattached.Aminimumof13mm(1/2in)thickexteriorgradeplywoodhasbeenfoundsatisfactoryforuseinaridenvironments.Amaximumof19mm(3/4in)thickexteriorgradeplywoodhasbeenfoundsatisfactoryforuseinsub-tropicalenvironments.Medium-densityoverlay(MDO)orhigh-densityoverlay(HDO)aresatisfactorysubstratesandrequirelessfrequentreplacementthanplywoodwithnooverlay.Theedgesoftheplywoodshouldbesealedtopreventdelamination.Replacetheplywoodwhenthereisanyevidenceofdelaminationorfiberseparation.SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-4-FIGURE1—TYPICALPANELRACKANDFITTINGSHIELD5.2BlackBoxes–ProcedureB(CoatingSystemsOnly)5.2.1BlackboxesusedinProcedureBshallbeconstructedofcorrosion-resistantmetal.Exteriorsurfacesshallbecoatedwithahigh-temperature,flatblackpaint.Theinteriorofboxesconstructedofmaterialswithminimalreflectancepropertiesshallremainuncoated.NOTE—No.3003aluminumsheethasbeenfoundsuitableforblackboxesforuseinallgeographiclocations.KrylonHighTemperature,flatblackbar-b-quepainthasbeenfoundsuitableforpaintingtheoutsideoftheboxes.5.2.2Theblackboxshallhaveaminimumof4weepholesfordrainage.5.2.3TherearetwosizesofblackboxescurrentlyinuseasillustratedinFigures2A,2B,and3.Thedimensionoftheboxusedmustbeincludedintheexposurereport.SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-5-FIGURE2A—SMALLBLACKBOXSAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-6-FIGURE2B—SMALLBLACKBOXSAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-7-FIGURE3—LARGE“HARRISON”BLACKBOX5.3ExposureRacks–ProcedureC(GeneralUsage)—Exposureatanglesotherthan5degreesasspecifiedinPROCEDUREAANDPROCEDUREB.5.3.1GeneralusageexposureracksusedasapartofProcedureAaredesignedtoaccommodateanysamples,suchasoddshapesandsizes,whichcannotbeplacedinthecoatingsystemexposurerackdescribedin5.1.Theracksshallbeconstructedtoholdspecimensorspecimenholdersofanyconvenientsize.Allracksshallbedesignedforunbackedexposureorexposureonexpandedmetal.Materialsspecificationsforthevariousautomotivemanufacturersindicatewhenexpandedmetaloranapprovedsubstituteshouldbeusedforexposingmaterials.6.Instrumentation6.1Instrumentsforrecordingthefollowingclimatologicaldatashallbelocatedintheimmediateareaoftheexposureracks.Thefollowingdatashallbeavailableuponrequest:6.1.1Ambienttemperature(dailymaximumandminimum).6.1.2Black-paneltemperature(dailymaximumandminimum).NOTE—(Blackpaneltempisneededtoknowhowhotaspecimenmayget.RefertotheapplicableOEMmaterialspecification.)SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-8-6.1.3Relativehumidity(dailymaximumandminimum).6.1.4Totaltimeofwetness6.1.5Solarradiation,T(total).6.1.6Solarradiation,UV(totalultraviolet=300–385nm)6.1.7Solarradiation,CSW(centeredselectedwavelength),optional.7.TestSpecimens7.1Thecoatingsystemformetal,andmaterialsapplieddirectlytocoatedmetal(decorativetaped,logos,sidemolding,emblems,etc.)aretobeappliedto100x300mm(4x12in)typeJ1008--1010steelpanels.Thepreparationofthepanelsshallbeasspecifiedbythevariousautomotivemanufacturersorasagreeduponbycontractualparties.7.2Materialsotherthanthosecovered(plasticsubstrates,aluminum,etc)in7.1mustbeofsuitablesize,whichshallbedeterminedbytheevaluationproceduresthatthespecimenswillbesubjectedtoafterexposure.Testsamplesorspecimenstakenfromacomponentorassemblyshouldpresentanexposuresurfacethatisasflataspossible.7.3Materialsintendedformountingonbackedorexpandedmetalsurfacesshallbesecurelymountedtotheexposurerack.7.4Specificinstructionsmustbeobtainedfromtheautomotivemanufacturersformountingproceduresandtheexposuremethodforlargepartsof,orfullcomponentsand/orassemblies.7.5Thesizeandnumberoftestspecimensthataretobeexposedismorefullycoveredinmaterialspecificationsofthevariousautomotivemanufacturers.8.Procedure8.1Asindicatedbytheautomotivemanufacturers,placethetestspecimenona5degreerackasdescribedinProcedureA,ora5degreeblackboxasdescribedinProcedureB.8.2Exposuresofcompletecomponentsasdescribedin1.5.3ProcedureCcanbeperformedinanend-usepositionasdirectedbytheclient.Exposuresatanglesotherthan5degreescanbeperformedinaccordancewiththeautomotivemanufacturer’sspecifications.8.3Theblackboxexposuresaremeanttosimulatetheairheatsinkcharacteristicsofanautomobilebody.Thepanelstobetestedmustcovertheentireopentopside.Ifthenumberofpanelstobeexposedisnotsufficienttocovertheentireopening,black-paintedsheetmetalpanelsmustbeusedtofilltheopenareas.8.4Duringexposure,alltestpanelsand/orspecimensaretoberinsedmonthlywithwaterattheendofthemorningdewformation.Waterusedformonthlyrinsingshallleavenoobjectionabledepositsorstainsontheexposedspecimens.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthewatercontainamaximumof1ppmsolids,andamaximumof0.2ppmsilica.SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-9-8.5Priortoevaluation,coatingsystemsonlyaretobepreparedasfollows:8.5.1Unlessotherwisespecified,washleftsideofpanel(51mm/2in)usingamilddishwashingnon-ionicsoapanddeionizedwatersolution(ratio0.05/99.95)andaclean,dirt-freesoft,non-abrasiveclothorsponge.Cautionshouldbetakentomakesuretheclothorspongeisfreeofdirtorpaneldegradationtoavoidscratchingofthetestspecimens.8.5.2Rinseimmediatelywithdeionizedwaterandallowtoairdryorusecleancompressedair.8.5.3Afterwashinganddrying,polishthetop100mmofthewashedhalfofthepanelusinganon-abrasiveautomotivepolish.Astandardwaxisnotsuitable.8.6Allothermaterials,decorativetapes,logos,moldings,emblems,coatedfabrics(vinyltop),uncoatedplastics,etc.,aretobewashedonlyusingtheproceduredescribedin8.5.1and8.5.2unlessbycontractualagreementwithspecificautomotivemanufacturers.9.Report(seeFigure4)—Thisinformationshallbeavailableuponrequest.TheExposureReportmayincludeallorpartofthefollowinginformation:9.1Exposuresite9.2Material9.3Substrate9.4ProcedureA,BorC(includedimensionofblackboxifused)9.5Exposuredates9.6Solarradiation,T(total)9.7Solarradiation,TUV(totalultraviolet)9.8Solarradiation,CSW(centeredselectedwavelength),optional9.9TotaltimeofwetnessNOTE—Manufacturer,type,andcalibrationrecordsforinstrumentsusedtoobtaindatafor9.6,9.7,9.8,and9.9shallbeavailableuponrequestfromthetestinglaboratory.9.9.1Iftimeofwetnessmeasurementsarereported,themanufacturer,testmethod,andtypeofinstrumentusedtoobtaindatashallbeincludedinthereport.IndryclimatessuchasArizona,timeofwetnessmaybedeterminedusingISO9223.SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-10-FIGURE4—SAEJ1976EXPOSUREREPORTFORMSAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002-11-10.Notes10.1MarginalIndicia—Thechangebar(l)locatedintheleftmarginisfortheconvenienceoftheuserinlocatingareaswheretechnicalrevisionshavebeenmadetothepreviousissueofthereport.An(R)symboltotheleftofthedocumenttitleindicatesacompleterevisionofthereport.PREPAREDBYTHESAETEXTILESANDFLEXIBLEPLASTICSCOMMITTEESAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002Rationale—Theentiredocumenthasbeenrevisedinordertobeupdatedtoindustrystandards.RelationshipofSAEStandardtoISOStandard—Notapplicable.Application—Thistestmethodspecifiestheexposurerack(s),blackbox(es),andinstrumentation,whichshallbeusedfortheoutdoorweatheringofmaterialsforautomotiveexteriorapplication.Exposuretestsitelocation(s)shallbeapprovedbyeitherthedifferentautomotivemanufacturersorbyanapprovedaccreditationorganizationinaccordancetoapplicablestandards,(e.g.,ISOTS16949orISO17025).Samplepreparation,exposuredurations,andperformanceevaluationproceduresnotpresentedinthismethodarecoveredinmaterialspecificationsofthedifferentautomotivemanufacturers.Thismethodincludesthreeprocedures:PROCEDUREA—Exposureinarackwithoutbacking;or,asrequired,(1)expandedmetalbacking,or(2)backedplywoodatafixedangleof5degreesfromthehorizontalfacingtheequator.PROCEDUREB—Exposureinanunheatedblackboxatafixedangleof5degreesfromthehorizontalfacingtheequator.Fornon-rigidspecimens,seenoteasfollows.PROCEDUREC—Exposureatanglesotherthan5degreesasspecifiedinPROCEDUREAANDPROCEDUREB.SpecialTests–Theseareestablishedonanas-neededbasistoduplicateend-useconditions.Examplesarein-servicepositionoflargeassembliesorcomponentsthatcannotbeaccommodatedina5degreesexposurerack.NOTE—Ifrequiredfornonrigidspecimens,useexpandedmetalbackingforunbackedexposures.Exposespecimensinarackwithplywoodbacking13mmto19mm(1/2into3/4in)thathaveanend-useapplicationinabackedconfiguration.ReferenceSectionSAEJ400—TestforChipResistanceofSurfaceCoatingsSAEJ1545—InstrumentalColorDifferenceMeasurementforExteriorFinishes,Textiles,andColoredTrimASTMG7—StandardPracticeforAtmosphericEnvironmentalExposureTestingofNonmetallicMaterialsASTMG147—StandardPracticeforConditioningandHandlingofNonmetallicMaterialsforNaturalandArtificialWeatheringTestsASTMD523—StandardTestMethodforSpecularGlossASTMD610—StandardMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofRustingonPaintedSteelSurfacesASTMD714—StandardMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofFlaking(Scaling)ofExteriorPaintsASTMD2794—StandardMethodforResistanceofOrganicCoatingstotheEffectofRapidDeformation(Impact)SAEJ1976RevisedMAR2002ASTMD3002—StandardPracticeforEvaluationofCoatingsforPlasticsASTMD3359—StandardMethodforMeasuringAdhesionbyTapeTestASTMD3363—StandardTestMethodforFilmHardnessbyPencilTestASTMD3924—StandardSpecificationsforStandardEnvironmentforConditioningandTestingPaint,Varnish,Lacquer,andRelatedMaterialsASTMD4060—StandardTestMethodforAbrasionResistanceofOrganicCoatingsbytheTaberAbraserASTMD4214—StandardTestMethodforEvaluatingDegreeofChalkingofExteriorPaintFilmsASTME313—StandardTestMethodforIndexofWhitenessandYellownessofNear-WhiteOpaqueMaterialsISO9223—Corrosionofmetalsandalloys—Corrosivityofatmospheres—MeasurementofpollutionISOTS16949–QualitySystems–AutomotiveSuppliers–ParticularrequirementsfortheapplicationofISO9001:1994ISO17025–GeneralrequirementsforthecompetenceoftestingandcalibrationlaboratoriesDevelopedbytheSAETextilesandFlexiblePlasticsCommittee