Module 1 Business Letter

外　贸　英　语　函　电BusinessEnglishCorrespondence主编　项伟峰感谢您使用外贸英语函电教材，欢迎提出宝贵意见，有问可发至主编邮箱albertxiang@126.comContents商务英语专业岗位核心能力与课程体系对应图先修与后续课程综合提高 英语语法与写作 国际贸易实务语言商务融合语言→商务 外贸英语函电 商务英语翻译 商务综合实训 顶岗实习先修课程本课程后续课程就业本课程的培养目标知识技能素质掌握外贸英语函电的格式、专业词汇、行文与文体特点。在外贸业务中正确地使用英语的能力以及对外进行各项业务联系和通讯活动的能力。①认真、严谨的工作作风和团队精神;②沟通、合作及信息处理的能力;③问题、解决问题及创新思维能力。学习目标与岗位工作能力学习任务学习任务学习任务模块评估测试 LearningGoals LearningTask1 LearningTask2 LearningTask3 ModuleAssessmentModuleContentStructure模块总结 ModuleConclusion扩展商务资源 ExtendedBusinessResourcesHotTip Howtolearnthiscoursewell? WritingPrinciple:understand BusinessKnowledge:familiar WorkSamples:analysis CorePhrases&SentencePatterns:recite SimulationPractice:writeAssessment ClassParticipationandActivity:40% FinalExam:60%ContentsModuleOneBusinessLetterWritingEssentials2LearningTask13LearningTask24LearningTask35ModuleAssessment16ModuleConclusionLearningGoals(JobCompetence) IdentifyandarrangethepartsandlayoutofabusinessLetter GetfamiliarwiththeSevenC’sprincipleandtrytoapplyintowritingModuleOneBusinessLetterWritingEssentials23LearningTask24LearningTask35ModuleAssessment16ModuleConclusionLearningTask1IdentifyandarrangethepartsofabusinessLetterSection1Lead-in Question:Doyouwriterandomlyorwithsomekindofformatwhenyouwritelettersore-mails? Brainstormalistofreasonsyoumightneedtowriteinclear,correctform.Theymakeyoufeeldifferent?Theymakeyoufeeldifferent?Theymakeyoufeeldifferent?Keys Image-maker:Itreflectsyouandyourbusiness. Goodimpression:Aletterthatisneat,easytoread,andpresentaprofessionalimagewillimpressyourreader---officials,employer,customersorclients. Getresponseorfeedback:Itinfluencesthereader’sattitudetowardtheresponseorfeedbacktoyourletter;withgoodformatthepersonyouarecommunicatingwithwilltakeyouseriously(yousmiletoothersyouwillgetsmiles,too)LearningTask1IdentifyandarrangethepartsofabusinessLetterCommunication&businesscorrespondence CommunicationOralCommunicationWrittencommunication Businesscorrespondence:theletters,cables,telexes,faxesande-mailsusedinbusiness.EffectivewritingVS.CasualwritingEffectivewriting: increasequalityofworkingrelationships decreasewastedhoursandmoney Casualwriting: wastetimeandmoney affectbusinessandreputation.Conclusion thefirstimpressionisveryimportant thefristimpressioncomesfromtheappearancemostPartsofabusinessletter StandardParts部分 OptionalParts可选部分 (1)theletterhead信头(2)thedate日期(3)theinsideaddress信内地址(4)thesalutation称呼(5)thebodyoftheletter正文(6)thecomplimentaryclose结尾谦称(7)thesignature签名 (1)thereferences参考号(2)theattentionline经办(3)thesubjectline主题(4)theenclosure附件(5)thecarboncopynotation抄送(6)theidentificationmark识别代号(7)thepostscriptnote附言TheHeading(TheReturnAddress)orLetterhead信头Position:Companiesusuallyuseprintedpaperwithheadingatthetop.TheHeadingorLetterhead信头Whatdetailsmaybeincludedintheheading? fullnameandlogoofthecompany(typeofcompany) addresses:postaladdresswithzipcode,website,e-mailaddress contactnumber:telephoneandfaxnumber Differentcompanytypes Ltd.(limitedliabilitycompany,UK) Inc./Corp.(incorporation,corporation,privatelimitedcompany,US) PLC(Publiclimitedcompany) &Co.(partnership) Pty.Ltd(PrivateLimited)TheHeadingorLetterhead信头 Usage:createafavorableorstrongbusinessidentity.(Expressafirm’spersonalityandformanimageofthefirm) VisualIdentity(VI,企业视觉识别)ManyfirmsengageprofessionaldesignersorartiststocreatetheirVisualIdentity.Lotsoffirmshavetheirheadingsprintedongoodqualitystationery(信纸).TheHeadingorLetterhead信头Position:Companiesusuallyuseprintedpaperwithheadingatthetop.Date日期Position:Twoorthreelinesbelowtheletterhead.Date日期Usage importantreferenceorevidenceRember: mustneverbeomitted ThemonthshouldbefullyspelledoutDate日期 USConvention USMilitary,UKandEuropeConvention Format MonthDay,Year(Beginwithmonth,thenday;usecommatoseparatedayfromyear) DayMonthYear(Beginwithday,thenmonthandyear,nocomma,nointernalpunctuation) Recommended December10,2011 10December2011 Acceptable,butnotrecommended December10th,2011 10thDecember,2011 NotAcceptable 2011/11/102011.12.1012-10-201112/10/201110-12-201110/12/201112101112/10/11Dec.10,2011December,10,2011请教师提醒学生，将课本P3表中的"10December，2011"里的逗号去掉PracticePleasewritetheformatoftodayinUSandUKstyle.26FRITheReferenceLine(optional)参考号Position:belowtheheading,beforeorinlinewiththedate.TheReferenceLine(optional)参考号 Usage:quotedortrackedforfiling. Thereferencemayinclude:afilenumber,chronologicalnumbers,departmentalcode,andtheinitialsofthesignerfollowedbythoseofthetypistoftheletter,orwhateverelsetheychoose. Example:Yourref:JBD/WMOurref:WDW/lpInside(orreceiver’s)Address信内地址Position:Itbeginsoneinchbelowthedateandshouldbeleftjustified,nomatterwhichformatyouareusing.Functionsofinsidenameandaddress:Asevidenceinthecourtatsomefuturetime;Theenvelopcanbediscardedwhenopened;Matchuptheletterwiththeenvelopfordispatch;Contributetobefiledcorrectly.Inside(orreceiver’s)Address信内地址Mr.RobertKeatsDirectorofPersonnelWindsorKnittingMillsInc.295MagnoliaAvenueSpartanburg,SouthCarolina29301U.S.AMs.NancySimonsProductionSupervisorBethanyBagelCompany25FrancisAvenueBoston,Massachusetts02222U.S.AInside(orreceiver’s)Address信内地址Aletteraddressedtoanindividual: addressee'scourtesytitleandfullname addressee'sbusinesstitleifrequired fullnameofaddressee'sbusinessaffiliation fullpostaladdressAletteraddressedtoanorganization: fullnameofthefirm,company,corporation,orinstitution individualdepartmentnameifrequired fullpostaladdressRecommendedwayofwritingaddress: nameofstreet,road,revenue,etc.;nameandnumberofbuildingorapartment Nameoftownorcityandpostcode(UK)orzipcode(USA) Nameofcountry(inall-capitalletters)Practice Writeyourpostaladdressincollegeorathome.广东轻工职业技术学院应用外语系中国广东省广州市海珠区新港西路152号邮编510300KeysDepartmentofAppliedForeignLanguagesGuangdongIndustryTechnicalCollege152XingangRoadWest,HaizhuDistrictGuangzhou,GuangdongProvince510300P.R.CTheAttentionLine(optional)经办Position:Itissetbetweentheinsideaddressandthesalutationwithasinglespaceaboveandbelow.TheAttentionLine(optional)经办Usage:leadthelettertoaparticularpersonordepartment.Example: Attention:HumanResourcesManager ATTN:PublicRelationsManager FortheattentionofSeniorAdministrativeOfficer Attention:JaneForresterPosition:Itisplacedtwolinesbelowtheinsideaddressonthesameside.Leaveonelineblankafterthesalutation.Salutation称呼Salutation称呼 Usage:thegreetingtothereceiver. Usethesamesurnameastheinsideaddress,includingthepersonaltitle(Usuallyonlythesurnameisgiveninthesalutationwhilethefullnameisgivenintheinsideaddress). Thetypeofsalutationdependsonyourrelationshipwiththerecipient.Itnormallybeginswiththeword"Dear"andalwaysincludestheperson'slastname.Salutation称呼 ToWhom Salutation toacompany DearSirs,(BrE)Gentlemen:(AmE) toamannameunknown DearSir toawomannameunknown DearMadam toamannameknown DearMr.Smith toamarriedwoman DearMrs.Smith toanunmarriedwoman DearMissSmith toamarriedorunmarriedwoman DearMs.Smith toafriendorsomeoneyouknowwell DearJohn tosomebodygenderunknown ToWhomItMayConcernAvoidthefollowingexpression:DearMissDearMrs.Mr.TomMrs.MaryGentlemanDearGentlemenDearMadameLiuDearSirJohnsonMisterSmithTheSubjectLine(optional)主题Position:Itisoneortwolinebelowthesalutationbutalternativelycanbelocateddirectlyafterthe"insideaddress,"beforethe"salutation".Itiseithercenteredorbeginningattheleftmargin.Usage:thegistoraimoftheletterorservesasaguideforfiling.Example: YourOrderNo.123 Re:YourOrderNo.987for50planes Subject:Inquiryaboutpaintbrushes SUBJECT:LETTEROFCREDITNo.2168TheSubjectLine(optional)主题BodyoftheLetter正文Position:Itistwolinesbelowthesalutationorbelowthesubjectlineifthereisone.BodyoftheLetter正文Usage:whereyouexplainwhyyou’rewriting. beginswithafriendlyopeningandstatesthepurpose. themainpointswithinformationandsupportingdetails.Useanewparagraphtointroduceanewideaorelement. Theclosingparagraphrequestssometypeofactionorshowexpectation.ComplimentaryClosing结束语Position:atthesamehorizontalpointasyourdateandonelineafterthelastbodyparagraph.Itiseitherattheleftmarginoritsleftedgeisinthecenter,dependingonthelayoutyouuse.Leavefourlinesbetweentheclosingandthesender’ssignature.ComplimentaryClosing结束语 Usage:Itismerelyapolitewaytoendaletterandmatchthesalutation. Ifacolonfollowsthesalutation,acommashouldfollowtheclosing;otherwise,thereisnopunctuationaftertheclosing.ComplimentaryClosing结束语 Formality Salutation Closing VeryFormal MydearSir:Sir:MydearMadam:Madam: Respectfully,Yoursrespectfully,Respectfullyyours,Veryrespectfully, Formal DearSirorMadam:DearSirs:Gentlemen:Towhomitmayconcern: Yourstruly,Yoursverytruly,Verytrulyyours,Yoursfaithfully,(BrE)Faithfullyyours, LessFormal(commonlyused) DearMr.Smith,DearMrs.Robinson,DearMsJasmine, Sincerely,(AmE)Sincerelyyours,(AmE)Yourssincerely,(AmE)VerySincerely,(AmE)Verysincerelyyours, Personal DearMary,DearTom, Sincerely,Cordially(yours),Bestregards/wishes,.(BrE)Takecare,IntimatelyyoursSignatureandWriter’sidentification签名Position:Itfollowsthecomplimentaryclosingthreetofivelines.SignatureandWriter’sidentification签名 Usage:Itgivesauthoritytothecontentsoftheletter.Sincemanyhand-writtensignaturesareillegible,thefullnameofthesignerisusuallytypedbelowthesignaturewithhisbusinesstitleorposition.SignatureandWriter’sidentification签名Yourssincerely,JohnSmithJohnSmithSalesManagerYourssincerely,JohnSmithJohnSmithSignaturewithtitleSignaturewithouttitleYourssincerely,NationalTrading,Inc.JohnSmithJohnSmithSalesManagerYourssincerely,NationalTrading,Inc.JohnSmithJohnSmithMarketingDepartmentSignaturewithauthoritytosignfortheorganizationSignatureandWriter’sidentification签名Signaturedictatedbysomeone Dictatedby...andsignedinhis/herabsence. Secretaryto... P.P.... For.../onhalfof…Yourssincerely,BarbaraNolanMissBarbaraNolanSecretarytoMr.JohnSmithYourssincerely,ForSalesManagerBarbaraNolanMissBarbaraNolanYourssincerely,NationalTrading,Inc.BarbaraNolanMissBarbaraNolanPPMr.JohnSmith,SalesManagerYourssincerely,BarbaraNolanMissBarbaraNolanDictatedbyJohnSmithSalesManagerAndsignedinhisabsenceSecretarySignatureandWriter’sidentification签名Enclosures(optional)附件Position:oneormorelinebelowtheclosingEnclosures(optional)附件Usage:Indicateanydocumentsalongwiththeletter,suchasthepricelist,leafletetc. Enclosureforattention: Enclosure Enclosures Enc. Encl. EnclsEncs.Billoflading(5copies)Insurancecertificate(lcopy)Certificateoforigin(lcopy)Billofexchange(lcopy)Enclosures(optional)附件Enclosureformoreattention Enclosure:1 Enclosures:2 Encl.:1 Encls:2Importantenclosureforspecialattention: Enclosure:PurchaseOrderNo.3506 Enclosure:Acheck#123forUS$100Encloseitemsmentionedintheletter: Enc.Asstated Enc.a/sCarbonCopy抄送Position:Itistypedattheendoftheletterafterenclosurenotationsoridentificationinitials.CarbonCopy抄送 Usage:Itinformsyourprimaryreadertowhomyoudistributecopies. Abbreviationsorvariations:ccto；CC:；cc：；c.c.-;ccs;copiesto. b.c.c.(blindcarboncopies)Example:CopytoLouisLeighCC:PersonnelDepartmentCC:JarrodCurtiscc:JarrodCurtisBcc:JohnSmithXCMr,RogerPCMr.RogerTheIdentificationMark(optional)识别代号Position:Itispositionedattheleftmargin,twospacesbelowthesignature.TheIdentificationMark(optional)识别代号 Usage:indicatewhoshouldshouldertheresponsibilityoftheletterifanydisputehappens. theinitialsofthepersonwhodictatedtheletterandtheinitialsofthesecretaryortypists. Example:PC:DM,PC/DM,pc/dmPostscripts附言Position:Itisthelastitem2-4linesbelowthepreviouspart.Postscripts附言Usage:afterthoughtaddedafterthesignature.Example: P.S.Thecataloguewillbesenttoyoutomorrow. P.S.Don’tforgetthedeadlineisnextMonday. P.S.I’llcallyouforadetaileddiscussion.LearningTask1IdentifyandarrangethepartsofabusinessLetterWorkSamplesandAnalysisWorkSamplesandAnalysis Theheading Date InsideAddress Salutation Body ComplimentaryClose SignatureHeading CompanyLOGO Companyaddress Tel.FAX,e-mail.Date(May2,2012) Ourref Yourref NAMEOFADDRESSEE(withinitials)POSITIONCompany’snameandaddress DearMr/MsXSalutationSubjectlineRE:OrderNo.PQ733INTRODUCTORYPARAGRAPHREFERRINGTOLASTCOMMUNICATIONORINTRODUCINGSELFORCOMPANY,REASONFORWRITINGMainbodyofletter,dividedintoparagraphsPOLITEENDING(Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon)Yourssincerely,SIGNATUREFULLNAMETYPEDOUTIdentificationinitialsPOSITION Copiesto:ccM.TYLEREnc(ifthereareanyenclosures)ReferencenumberInsideaddressBodycomplimentarycloseCarboncopy抄件enclosureLearningTask1IdentifyandarrangethepartsofabusinessLetterSection4SimulationWorkshop Labelthepartsofthisbusinessletter:1.heading2.Date3.insideaddress4.salutation5.subject6.body7.thecomplimentaryclosing8.signatureLearningTask1IdentifyandarrangethepartsofabusinessLetterSummary Businesslettersaretheimage-makerofacompany; Essentialparts:theletterhead,thedate,theinsideaddress,thesalutation,thebodyoftheletter,thecomplimentaryclose,thesignature, Optionalparts:thereferences,theattentionline,thesubjectline,theenclosure,thecarboncopynotation,theidentificationmarkandthepostscriptnote.ModuleOneBusinessLetterWritingEssentials234LearningTask35ModuleAssessment16ModuleConclusionLearningTask2IdentifyandusethelayoutofbusinesslettersLeadin Discussion:Identifythepartsoftheletterandtellthedifferencebetweenthefollowingthreetypesoflayout:LearningTask2IdentifyandusethelayoutofbusinesslettersWhatisthelayoutofaletter? layoutreferstothearrangementoftextandgraphics. Thelayoutofaletteristhestructureanddesignofitstext.layoutaletteraccordingtoconventionWhythelayoutofabusinessletterisveryimportant? Thelayoutofabusinesslettercanconvey:thewriter’sability,knowledge&characters;theoveralstyleandimageofthewriter’sorganization;Politeness,importanceandclarityTheimage-makerofthewriterandtheorganizationMarginandspacing Margin:LeftandRight1Inch;TopandBottom1½Inch Spacing:Mostlettersaresinglespaced.Usedouble-spaceforshortletters.Leaveoneblanklinebetweenparagraphs,2Blanklinesbeforethecomplementarycloseand3to4linesforthesignature.Punctuation thesymbolsweusetoseparatecertainabbreviations,acronyms,lines,etc. 3types:Open,mixedandclosedpunctuationDr.Mr.Smith….…SincerelyTomCruiseDr.Mr.Smith:….…Sincerely,TomCruiseOpenPunctuationMixedPunctuationThreemainstylesofbusinessletters: IndentedStyle Traditional,oftenbutnotalwayshand-written,followingnormalconventionsofparagraphingandpunctuation. Semi-blockedStyle Someitemsareindentede.g.thedatecouldbeputontheright-handside;thesubjectheadingcouldbecentered. Fully-blockedStyle Typed,withnopunctuationintheaddress,dateetc.Paragraphsareindicatedbyleavingaspace.LearningTask2IdentifyandusethelayoutofbusinesslettersWorkSamplesandAnalysisFullBlockStyleIndentedStyleModifiedBlockStyle注：因排版错误，请将课本P17页段落开头改为靠左的齐头样式LearningTask2IdentifyandusethelayoutofbusinesslettersSimulationWriting1:ArrangetheFollowingpartsinproperformastheyshouldbesetoutinaletter.(1)Sender’sName:GDITCTradingCo.,Ltd(2)Sender’sAddress:152XingangRoadWest,HaizhuDistict,Guangzhou,China(3)Sender’sTelephone:34300000(4)Sender’se-mail:gitc@gitc.com.cn(5)Sender’swebaddress:www.gitc.cn(6)Date:September15,2012(7)Receiver’sName:StandardOilCompany(8)Receiver’sAddress:38FifthAvenue,London,U.K.(9)Subject:Refrigerators(10)Message:WethankyouforyourletterofSeptember3,2011,inquiringforthecaptionedgoods.Theenclosedbookletcontainsdetailsofallourrefrigeratorsandwillenableyoutomakeasuitableselection.Welookforwardtoreceivingyourspecificinquirywithkeeninterest.KeysSimulationWriting2: MaryZhang,thesalesrepresentativeofGDITCTradingCo.,Ltd(152XingangRoadWest,HaizhuDistict,Guangzhou,China),resignsinDecember31,2011.LindWangwillbethenewsalesrepresentativeandhere-mail:lindawang@gditc.com.cn.Supposeyouarethesecretaryofthecompany,pleasedraftalettertoinformallyourclientsaboutthisonbehalfoftheCEOPeterChen.Youcanchoosealayoutformatyoupreferred.KeysGDITCTradingCo.,Ltd152XingangRoadWest,HaizhuDistrict,Guangzhou,China510300Dearall,MaryZhangwillleaveGDITConDecember31,2012.HerebywewanttoinformyouthatshewillnotrepresentGDITCanymoreinanyfunctionasfromthatdate.YournewcontactwillbeLindaandisreachablepermailonlindawang@gditc.com.hkWewishMaryallthebestinherfuturelifeandwanttothankherforhercommitmenttoABCinthepastperiod.BestregardsNancyLiNancyLiP.P.PeterChen,CEOLearningTask2IdentifyandusethelayoutofbusinesslettersSummary Awellpreparedletterreflectsthecompany’simage. Elementsaffectingtheattractivenessofaletteratfirstsightarethequality,colorandsizeoftheletterpaper;thedesignoftheprintedletterhead;theformat;andgeneralcleanlinessintyping. Standardrequirementforstructureandlayoutofabusinesslettershouldbecarefullycompliedwith.ModuleOneBusinessLetterWritingEssentials2345ModuleAssessment16ModuleConclusionLearningTask3GeneralPrinciplesofBusinessLetterWritingLeadin Discussion:comparethefollowingletterversionsandlistthedifferences:GDITCTradingCo.,Ltd152XingangRoadWest,HaizhuDistict,Guangzhou,China510300Dearall,OuremployeeMaryZhangwillleaveourcompanyofficiallyonDecember31,2012;wenowofficiallydeclarethatfromthatdayMary'sbusinessactivitiesareofallherownpersonalbehaviorandhavenothingtodowithourcompany.Wishyouaprosperousbusinessandhopeforourcloserbusinesscooperationinthefuture.NancyLiNancyLiP.P.PeterChen,CEOGDITCTradingCo.,Ltd152XingangRoadWest,HaizhuDistict,Guangzhou,China510300Dearall,MaryZhangwillleaveGDITConDecember31,2012.HerebywewanttoinformyouthatshewillnotrepresentGDITCanymoreinanyfunctionasfromthatdate.YournewcontactwillbeLindaandisreachablepermailonlindawang@gditc.com.hkWewishMaryallthebestinherfuturelifeandwanttothankherforhercommitmenttoABCinthepastperiod.Bestregards,NancyLiNancyLiP.P.PeterChen,CEOLearningTask3GeneralPrinciplesofBusinessLetterWriting7CWritingPrinciple completeness correctness concreteness clearness conciseness courtesy considerationCompletenessContainalltheinformationTips: Provideallnecessaryinformation Answerpreciselyallquestionsasked Givesomethingextra,whendesirable use5”WS”(who,what,where,whenandwhy)&1”h”(how)principletodesignandcheckyourdraft.CorrectnessCorrectgrammarandcontents.Tips: Checkthecorrectnessofstatement Checktheaccuracyofnumericalexpression Correctuseofcommercialterms CheckthegrammaticalcorrectnessExample: Ourcompetitorsweremoresuccessfulthanours(us). Thetwofirst(firsttwo)itemsarenotavailable. Itisthelowestpriceavailabletoyou;(不一定!)ItisthelowestpricethatwecanofferyounowConcisenessWritewhatyoumeaninfewestpossiblewords.Tips: Eliminatewordyexpressions:usesinglewordinplaceofphrases. Includeonlyrelevantmaterial:deleteirrelevantwordsandramblingsentences. AvoidunnecessaryrepetitionExample: Asperyourrequest,pleasefindenclosedherewithacheckintheamountof$16.49.Concise:Asrequested,Iamenclosingacheckfor$16.49. Iwanttotakethisopportunitytotellyouthatwearegratefultoyou.Concise:Thankyou.ClearnessConveyexactlywhatyouwanttosay.Tips: Don’tputmorethanoneideainasentence; Don’tputmorethanonetopicinaparagraph; Don’tputmorethanonesubjectinaletter.Example: Mr.ChangwrotetoMr.Fordthathehadreceivedhisorder.Mr.ChangwrotetoMr.FordthathehadreceivedMr.Ford’sorder. Pleaseletusknowwhatyouwishustodoaboutthismatterassoonaspossible.Pleaseletusknowassoonaspossiblewhatyouwishustodoaboutthismatter.CourtesyUsepolitelanguageandsincereattitudetoshowrespect.Tips: Usepolitewordsandphrases Timelyresponse don'tbehumbleExample:1.Youmadeaverycarelessmistake.　Averycarelessmistakewasmade.2.Youdidnotenclosethecheckwithyourorder.　Thechequewasnotenclosedwithyourorder.3.Wedemandimmediatepaymentfromyou.　WerequestyourimmediatepaymentCourtesy4.Wecannotcomplywithyourrequest.　Weareafraidwecannotcomplywithyourrequest.5.Weareextremelyandsincerelysorryfortheerrorandaskthatyouacceptourhumbleandsincereapologyfortheundueinconveniencesufferedbyyou.Weareconcernedabouttheinconvenienceyouhavesuffered,andapologizesincerely.Considerationpayattentiontotheneeds,wishes,orfeelingsofotherpeopleTips: Focuson“You-attitude” Showreceiver’sinterest Emphasizepositive&pleasantfacts.Example:We-Attitude:DearMr.Smith,Iamhappytoinformyouthatwehaveapprovedyourloan.You-Attitude:DearMr.Smith,Congratulations!Yourloanisapproved.ConcretenessUsetangibleorconcretelanguageTips: U