电脑数字钟硬件原理图

电脑数字钟硬件原理图 为了节约制作硬件的开支，我们利用单片机开发机上的硬件资源，开发了电脑数字钟的软件。该数字钟由,,,,单片机控制，采用,,小时制计时，利用开发机上的六个,,,显示器来显示时、分和秒，使用,1端口中的,1.0端口线实现整点报时功能;使用,3端口的,3.0实现闹钟功能。其硬件原理图如图一所示。 图中按键,1，,,，,,及开关,,，,,的定义如下所示 图中的开关,,用于闹钟控制，当,,,,时(开关处于,,的位置)，打开闹钟，使之在预定时间起闹;当,,,,时(开关处于,,,的位置)，则关闭闹钟，使之不闹。另外，在闹钟响起时，,,也可作为止闹开 关使用，若不止闹，则闹一分钟。闹钟信号用发光二极管来模拟。 整点报时信号也是用发光二极管来模拟的。当整点时，,1.0口所接的发光二极管点亮一分钟。 电脑数字钟的秒信号是利用,,,,单片机定时器,,产生的。由于开发机的晶振频率为,,,z，使得,,的最大定时时间远远小于,秒，因此，在设计时采用了硬件计数与软件计数相结合的方式，即通过,,产生一定的定时时间，然后再利用软件进行计数，从而产生,秒钟的时间信号。在设计中，定时器,,采用了中断方式。当定时时间到时，单片机产生中断，在,,的中断服务程序中实现时、分、秒的累加。并且，该中断的优先级别高于其它中断，因此，保证了电子钟走时准确。在设计中，利用外部中断0和外部中断,分别作为校时和闹钟校时按键的触发输入。当需要校时时，拨动,,或,,开关，便产生外部中断，进入相应的中断服务程序。在外部中断,和外部中断,的中断服务程序中，都只有一条"表示有按键"的标志位置,的指令，然后在主程序中用查询标志位的方式判断是否有键按下。若查得标志位为,则进入校时子程序进行校时的相应处理;若为,则照常进行时间显示。当拨动,,开关时，进入校时状态，用户可以方便地校准时间。当拨动,,开关时，便进入闹钟校时状态，这时，可根据需要设置起闹时间。在闹钟校时期间，时钟继续计数，即闹钟校时不影响时 钟走时。 摘 要:介绍了用8031单片机控制的电脑数字钟的硬件结构与软件设计。给出了汇编 语言源程序。 关键词:单片机，实时控制，数字钟，中断 the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were 数字电子钟的设计有多种，例如，可用中小规模集成电路组成电子钟;也可以利用专用的电子钟芯片配以显示电路及其所需要的外围电路组成电子钟;还可以利用单片机来实现电子钟等等。这些方法都各有特点，其中，利用单片机实现的电子钟具有编程灵活，便于电子钟功能的扩充，即可用该电子钟发出各种控制信号，精 确度高等特点。 所设计的电子钟有以下功能: ,( ,,小时制时间显示。 ,( 可随时进行时间校对。 ,( 整点报时。 ,( 闹钟功能。 为了节约制作硬件的开支，我们利用单片机开发机上的硬件资源，开发了电脑数字钟的软件。该数字钟由,,,,单片机控制，采用,,小时制计时，利用开发机上的六个,,,显示器来显示时、分和秒，使用,1端口中的,1.0端口线实现整点报时功能;使用,3端口的,3.0实现闹钟功能。其硬件原理图如图一所示。 图一 电脑数字钟硬件原理图 图中按键,1，,,，,,及开关,,，,,的定义如下表所示 图中的开关,,用于闹钟控制，当,,,,时(开关处于,,的位置)，打开闹钟，使之在预定时间起闹;当,,,,时(开关处于,,,的位置)，则关闭闹钟，使之不闹。另外，在闹钟响起时，,,也可作为止闹开 关使用，若不止闹，则闹一分钟。闹钟信号用发光二极管来模拟。 整点报时信号也是用发光二极管来模拟的。当整点时，,1.0口所接的发光二极管点亮一分钟。 电脑数字钟的秒信号是利用,,,,单片机定时器,,产生的。由于开发机的晶振频率为,,,z，使得,,的最大定时时间远远小于,秒，因此，在设计时采用了硬件计数与软件计数相结合的方式，即通过,,产生一定的定时时间，然后再利用软件进行计数，从而产生,秒钟的时间信号。在设计中，定时器,,采用了中断方式。当定时时间到时，单片机产生中断，在,,的中断服务程序中实现时、分、秒的累加。并且，该中断的优先级别高于其它中断，因此，保证了电子钟走时准确。在设计中，利用外部中断0和外部中断,分别作为校时和闹钟校时按键的触发输入。当需要校时时，拨动,,或,,开关，便产生外部中断，进入相应的中断服务程序。在外部中断,和外部中断,的中断服务程序中，都只有一条"表示有按键"的标志位置,的指令，然后在主程序中用查询标志位的方式判断是否有键按下。若查得标志位为,则进入校时子程序进行校时的相应处理;若为,则照常进行时间显示。当拨动,,开关时，进入校时状态，用户可以方便地校准时间。当拨动,,开关时，便进入闹钟校时状态，这时，可根据需要设置起闹时间。在闹钟校时期间，时钟继续计数，即闹钟校时不影响时 钟走时。 程序中的一些存储单元的定义如下: ,,,,,,,:时、分、秒单元 ,,,,,,,:校时或闹钟校时期间的时、分、秒单元 ,,,,,,,:起闹时间的时、分单元 ,,,,,,,:显示缓冲区 用户标志位,,:校时标志，当,,,,时，表示校时 位,,,:闹钟校时标志，当,,,,,时，表示闹钟校时 以上的总体设计使得电脑数字钟的精确度较高，因为在程序的执行过程中，任何指令都不影响定时器的正常计数。从而，使数字钟的精度仅仅取决于单片机的产生机器周期电路和定时器,,硬件电路的精确度。 另外，程序较为简洁，具有可靠性和较好的可读性。 我们设计电脑数字钟的目的并不在于电脑数字钟本身，而是想将它的设计应用于实时控制之中。只要对上述程 序和硬件电路稍加修改，便可以得到实时控制的实用系统，从而应用到实际工作与生产中去。 电脑数字钟的汇编语言源程序如下所示: ORG 0000H the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were LJMP MAIN ORG 0003H SETB PSW.5 RETI ORG 000BH LJMP CLOCK ORG 0013H SETB 7FH RETI ORG 0030H MAIN: MOV SP,#60H MOV TMOD,#01H MOV IE,#87H SETB PT0 MOV TL0,#0B7H MOV TH0,#3CH MOV 20H,#00H MOV 21H,#00H MOV 22H,#00H MOV 23H,#00H MOV 50H,#06H MOV 51H,#28H MOV 52H,#00H CLR PSW.5 CLR 7FH SETB TR0 SETB IT0 SETB IT1 CLR P3.0 SS: LCALL CUTIN0 LCALL SSCAN JNB PSW.5,LK LCALL KEY0 LK: JNB 7FH,SS LCALL KEY1 SJMP SS CUTIN0: PUSH PSW PUSH ACC MOV 25H,R0 MOV R0,#79H MOV A,22H ACALL BCD MOV A,21H ACALL BCD MOV A,20H ACALL BCD MOV R0,25H POP ACC the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were POP PSW RET CUTIN1: PUSH PSW PUSH ACC MOV 25H,R0 MOV R0,#79H MOV A,42H ACALL BCD MOV A,41H ACALL BCD MOV A,40H ACALL BCD MOV R0,25H POP ACC POP PSW RET BCD: MOV B,#0AH DIV AB MOV @R0,B INC R0 MOV @R0,A INC R0 RET CLOCK: JNB PSW.5,ZC LJMP FH ZC: MOV TL0,#0B7H MOV TH0,#3CH PUSH PSW PUSH ACC INC 23H MOV A,23H CJNE A,#0AH,RET0 MOV 23H,#00H INC 22H MOV A,22H CJNE A,#3CH,RET0 MOV 22H,#00H SETB P1.0 CLR P3.0 INC 21H MOV A,21H CJNE A,#3CH,RET0 MOV 21H,#00H CLR P1.0 INC 20H MOV A,20H CJNE A,#18H,RET0 MOV 20H,#00H the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were AJMP RET0 RET0: MOV A,21H CJNE A,51H,B0 MOV A,20H CJNE A,50H,B0 SETB P3.0 B0: POP ACC POP PSW FH: RETI SSCAN: MOV R6,#05H SS2: MOV 30H,#20H MOV 31H,#7EH MOV R7,#06H SS1: MOV R1,#21H MOV A,30H MOVX @R1,A MOV R0,31H MOV A,@R0 MOV DPTR,#SC MOVC A,@A+DPTR MOV R1,#22H MOVX @R1,A LCALL D1 MOV A,30H RR A MOV 30H,A DEC 31H DJNZ R7,SS1 DJNZ R6,SS2 RET SC: DB 0C0H,0F9H,0A4H,0B0H,99H,92H,82H,0F8H,80H,90H,0FFH KEY: MOV 42H,#00H A0: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#38H MOV R3,A LCALL DELAY MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#38H CLR C SUBB A,R3 JNZ A0 MOV A,R3 CJNE A,#38H,A00 SJMP A0 A00: CJNE A,#30H,TOK2 INC 41H the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were MOV R2,41H CJNE R2,#3CH,A1 MOV 41H,#00H A1: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#08H JNZ A0 LCALL DELAY SJMP A1 TOK2: CJNE A,#28H,TOK3 DEC 41H MOV R2,41H CJNE R2,#0FFH,A2 MOV 41H,#3BH A2: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#10H JNZ A0 LCALL DELAY SJMP A2 TOK3: CJNE A,#18H,A0 AA: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#20H JNZ A3 LCALL DELAY SJMP AA A3: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#38H MOV R3,A LCALL DELAY MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#38H CLR C SUBB A,R3 JNZ A3 MOV A,R3 CJNE A,#38H,A33 SJMP A3 A33: CJNE A,#30H,TO2 INC 40H MOV R2,40H CJNE R2,#18H,A4 MOV 40H,#00H A4: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were ANL A,#08H JNZ A3 LCALL DELAY SJMP A4 TO2: CJNE A,#28H,TO3 DEC 40H MOV R2,40H CJNE R2,#0FFH,A5 MOV 40H,#17H A5: MOV P1,#0FFH MOV A,P1 ANL A,#10H JNZ A3 LCALL DELAY SJMP A5 TO3: CJNE A,#18H,A3 RET KEY0: MOV 41H,21H MOV 40H,20H CLR TR0 ACALL KEY CLR PSW.5 MOV 22H,42H MOV 21H,41H MOV 20H,40H MOV TL0,#0B7H MOV TH0,#3CH SETB TR0 RET KEY1: MOV 41H,51H MOV 40H,50H LCALL KEY CLR 7FH MOV 51H,41H MOV 50H,40H RET D1: MOV R4,#02H D11: MOV R5,#0FFH DJNZ R5,$ DJNZ R4,D11 RET DELAY: PUSH ACC LCALL CUTIN1 LCALL SSCAN POP ACC RET the provisions of Hunan province safety production supervision and management responsibilities > (Hunan Zhengban made 2013 No. 4), resolutely implement the safety production of the party with responsibility, a pair of responsibility. "Two is issued safety production administration and inspection to promote the responsibilities bear safety production supervision departments strictly and effectively assumed responsibility. The three is the establishment of enterprise production safety hidden With self correction self reporting system, promote the enterprises to implement the main responsibility for production safety. The four is the introduction of strengthening county safety production supervision ability construction work, promote safe production responsibility to the grassroots. 3, strict accountability and target management. Adhere to the "who is in charge, who is responsible for the pipe industry must pipes, pipe production and management must control safety management business must be safe" principle, the implementation of safe production supervision and stagnation to cure. "The leadership responsible system. Production safety of key towns, key enterprises and key problems, by the township government and the Department responsible for the stagnation led the lump sum, to tackle tough. To further increase the production safety index assessment, strict implementation of safe production of "one vote veto" award and recognition system, strengthen production safety incentive mechanism (four). Adhere to the political principles against unwholesome tendencies existence of the problem is not strict internal supervision. Over the years, the global leadership team members do not have any illegal and other bad records, but there are still not strict, the implementation does not survive the problem. A few leading cadres not strictly in accordance with the county Party committee, county government On strengthening style construction requirements and style construction safety supervision system of "ten prohibitions", to solve the people most concerned, the most direct, the most realistic problem of production safety as the starting point and goal of all work, to strengthen internal supervision on the way, in the perfect power control mechanism on "let things drift", get free in the political norms of leading cadres, some involving major principle problems of ambiguous attitude, major issues issues of right and wrong, it cannot stand up bravely, face to face, resolute struggle and discredit the views of the party in 2012. The style of the big consolidation activities, cadres and workers 6 people were