汽车线束的生产工艺大揭秘

汽车线束的生产大揭秘 汽车线束的生产工艺大揭秘 线束工艺 在线束二维产品图纸出来以后，要编排线束的生产工艺，工艺是服务于生产的两者密不可分，因此将两者结合起来一起分析。 开线工艺 开线是线束生产的第一个工位，开线工艺的准确性直接关系到整个生产进度，一旦出现错误特别是开线尺寸偏短，会导致所有工位的返工，费时费力影响生产效率。所以在编制开线工艺是一定要根据图纸的要求合理确定导线的开线尺寸，剥头尺寸。制作开线操作说明书，制作流程跟踪卡。 压接工艺 开线之后的第二个生产工位，根据图纸要求的端子类型确定压接参数，制作压接操作说明书，对于有特殊要求的需要在工艺文件上注明并培训操作工。比如:有的导线需要先穿过护套后才可压接，它需要先预装导线然后从预装工位返回再压接;还有刺破式压接用到专用的压接工具，这种压接方式具有良好的电接触性能。 预装工艺 编制预装工艺操作说明书，为了提高总装效率，复杂的线束都要设置预装工位，预装工艺的合理与否直接影响到总装配的效率也反映出一个工艺人员的技术水平高低。如果预装部分装配的偏少或者装配的导线路径不合理会加大总装配人员的工作量，放慢流水线的速度所以工 艺人员要经常呆在现场不断总结经验，这样才能编制出合理的生产工艺。 总装工艺 根据产品开发部门的装配台板，设计工装设备、物料盒规格尺寸并将所有装配护套和附件的编号贴于物料盒上以提高装配效率。编制各个工位装配和要求，平衡整个总装工位防止出现一点工作量过大，拉下整个流水线速度的情况。要做到工位平衡，工艺人员必须对每个操作了熟于心并现场测算工时，随时调整装配工艺。线束工艺还包括编制材料消耗定额明细表、工时测算、工人培训等。 汽车线束主要以端子线为主，焊接，成型的都不太多，所以投资主要是端子机，而且通常来说半自动端子机就完全可以满足了，要全自动的端子机太浪费，还有就是成型机(两万左右一台)，测试机，拉力机，脱皮机，裁线机，焊锡机，电子称，冲床 汽车线束的生产工艺和生产流程 1)电线剪切 将所需各种电线剪切至所需长度 2)端子压接 将端子压接至电线上 3)分装sub assembly 安装接插件等成为小股分线 4)总装assembly 将各种小股分线在大的工装板上组装，用胶带包扎，安装各种保护件(波纹管，保护支架等) 5)检测 在专设检测板上检测各个电路是否畅通，外观检测，grommet防水检测等 线束的生产流程就是 开线——压接——预装——总装——检验——电测试——打包——发运 在目前，不管是高级豪华汽车还是经济型普通汽车，线束编成的形式基本上是一样的，都是由电线、联插件和包裹胶带组成。 汽车电线又称低压电线，它与普通家用电线是不一样的。普 通家用电线是铜质单蕊电线，有一定硬度。而汽车电线都是铜质多蕊软线，有些软线细如毛发，几条乃至几十条软铜线包裹在塑料绝缘管(聚氯乙烯)内，柔软而不容易折断。 由于汽车行业的特殊性，汽车线束的制造过程也比其他普通线束较为特殊。 汽车线束部分产品图册(6张) 制造汽车线束的体系大致分两类: 1.以欧美国家划分，包括中国: 使用TS16949体系来对制造过程进行控制。 2.以日本为主: 如丰田、本田他们有自己的体系来控制制造过程。 随着汽车功能的增加，电子控制技术的普遍应用，电气件越来越多，电线也会越来越多，线束也就变得越粗越重。因此先进的汽车就引入了CAN总线配置，采用多路传输系统。与传统线束比较，多路传输装置大大减少了导线及联插件数目，使布线更为简易。 编辑本段常用规格 汽车线束内的电线常用规格有标称截面积0.5、0.75、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、4.0、6.0等平方毫米的电线(日系车中常用的标称截面积为0.5、0.85、1.25、2.0、2.5、4.0、6.0等平方毫米)，它们各自都有允许负载电流值，配用于不同功率用电设备的导线。以整车线束为例，0.5规格线适用于仪表灯、指示灯、门灯、顶灯等;0.75规格线适用于牌照灯，前后小灯、制动灯等;1.0规格线适用于转向灯、雾灯等;1.5规格线适用于前大灯、喇叭等;主电源线例如发电机电枢线、搭铁线等要求2.5至4平方毫米电线。这只是指一般汽车而言，关键要看负载的最大电流值，例如蓄电池的搭铁线、正极电源线则是专门的汽车电线单独使用，它们的线径都比较大，起码有十几平方毫米以上，这些“巨无霸”电线就不会编入主线束内。 编辑本段线束排列 在排列线束前要事先绘制线束图，线束图与电路原理图是不一样的。电路原理图是表述各个电气部分之间关系的图像，它不反映电气件彼此之间怎样连接，不受各个电气元件的尺寸形状和它们之间距离的影响。而线束图则必须要顾及各个电气元件的尺寸形状和它们之间的距离，也要反映出电气件彼此之间是如何连接的。 线束厂的技术员根据线束图做成线束排线板后，工人就按照排线板的规定来截线排线了。整车主线束一般分成发动机(点火、 电喷、发电、起动)、仪表、照明、空调、辅助电器等部分，有主线束及分支线束。一条整车主线束有多条分支线束，就好像树杆与树枝一样。整车主线束往往以仪表板为核心部分，前后延伸。由于长度关系或装配方便等原因，一些汽车的线束分成车头线束(包括仪表、发动机、前灯光总成、空调、蓄电池)、车尾线束(尾灯总成、牌照灯、行李箱灯)、篷顶线束(车门、顶灯、音响喇叭)等。线束上各端头都会打上标志数字和字母，以标明导线的连接对象，操作者看到标志能正确连接到对应的电线和电气装置上，这在修理或更换线束时特别有用。同时，电线的颜色分为单色线和双色线，颜色的用途也有规定，一般是车厂自订的标准。我国行业标准只是规定主色，例如规定单黑色专用于搭铁线，红单色用于电源线，不可混淆。 线束用机织线或塑料粘带包裹，出于安全、加工和维修方便，机织线包裹已经淘汰，现在是用粘性塑料胶带包裹。线束与线束之间、线束与电气件之间的连接，采用联插件或线耳。联插件用塑料制成，分有插头和插座。线束与线束之间用联插件相接，线束与电气件之间的连接用联插件或线耳。 编辑本段线束材料 汽车线束对材料的要求也非常严格: 包括其电气性能、材料散发性、耐温性等等，都比一般的线束要求要高，特别是涉及到安全方面的:如方向控制系统、刹车这些重要组件的线束，要求更为严格。 编辑本段汽车线束功能 在现代汽车上，汽车线束特别多，电子控制系统与线束有着密切关系。有人曾经打了一个形象的比喻:如果把微机、传感器与执行元件的功能用人体来比喻，可以说微机相当于人脑，传感器相当于感觉器官，执行元件相当于运动器管，那么线束就是神经和血管了。 汽车线束是汽车电路的网络主体，连接汽车的电气电子部件并使之发挥功能，没有线束也就不存在汽车电路。在目前，不管是高级豪华汽车还是经济型普通汽车，线束编成的形式基本上是一样的，都是由电线、联插件和包裹胶带组成，它既要确保传送电信号，也要保证连接电路的可靠性，向电子电气部件供应规定的电流值，防止对周围电路的电磁干扰，并要排除电器短路。 汽车线束从功能上来分，有运载驱动执行元件(作动器)电力的电力线和传递传感器输入指令的信号线二种。电力线是运送大电流的粗电线，而信号线是不运载电力的细电线(光纤维通信);例如信号电路用的导线截面积为0.3、0.5mm2。 在电机、执行元件用的导线截面积为0.85、1.25mm2，而电源电路用导线截面积为2、3、5mm2;而特殊电路(起动机、交流 发电机、发动机接地线等)则有8、10、15、20mm2不同规格。导线截面积越大，电流容量也越大。电线的选择，除了考虑电气性能外，还要受到车载时物理性能的制约，因此其选择范围很广。例如，出租汽车上的频繁开/关的车门和跨越车身之间的电线应该由挠曲性能良好的导线构成。在温度高的部位使用的导线，一般采用绝缘性和耐热性良好的氯乙烯、聚乙烯包覆的导线。近年来，微弱信号电路使用的电磁屏蔽线也不断增加。 随着汽车功能的增加，电子控制技术的普遍应用，电气件越来越多，电线也会越来越多，汽车上的电路数量与用电量显著增加,线束也就变得越粗越重。这是需要解决的大问题，如何使大量线束在有限的汽车空间中如何更有效合理布置，使汽车线束发挥更大的功能，已成为汽车制造业面临的问题。 编辑本段汽车线束的工艺与生产 随着人们对舒适性、经济性、安全性要求的不断提高，汽车上的电子产品种类也在不断增加，汽车线束越来越复杂线束的故障率也相应增加。这就要求提高线束的可靠性和耐久性等性能，许多人对于汽车线束的工艺和生产比较有兴趣，在这里浩智电子就汽车线束工艺和生产这方面的知识做个简单的叙述，您只需要花几分钟阅读，就能大致了解。 在汽车线束二维产品图纸出来以后，要编排线束的生产工艺，工艺是服务于生产的两者密不可分，因此笔者将汽车线束的生产 和工艺二者结合起来一起分析。 线束生产的第一个工位是开线工艺。开线工艺的准确性直接关系到整个生产进度，一旦出现错误特别是开线尺寸偏短，会导致所有工位的返工，费时费力影响生产效率。所以在编制开线工艺是一定要根据图纸的要求合理确定导线的开线尺寸，剥头尺寸。 开线之后的第二个工位就是压接工艺，根据图纸要求的端子类型确定压接参数，制作压接操作说明书，对于有特殊要求的需要在工艺文件上注明并培训操作工。比如:有的导线需要先穿过护套后才可压接，它需要先预装导线然后从预装工位返回再压接;还有刺破式压接用到专用的压接工具，这种压接方式具有良好的电接触性能。 接着就是预装工艺了，首先要编制预装工艺操作说明书，为了提高总装效率，复杂的线束都要设置预装工位，预装工艺的合理与否直接影响到总装配的效率也反映出一个工艺人员的技术水平高低。如果预装部分装配的偏少或者装配的导线路径不合理会加大总装配人员的工作量，放慢流水线的速度所以工艺人员要经常呆在现场不断总结。 最后一步就是，总装工艺。能够编根据产品开发部门设计的装配台板，设计工装设备、物料盒规格尺寸并将所有装配护套和附件的编号贴于物料盒上以提高装配效率。编制各个工位装配内容和要求，平衡整个总装工位防止出现一点工作量过大，拉下整个流水线速度的情况。要做到工位平衡，工艺人员必须对每个操 作了熟于心并现场测算工时，随时调整装配工艺。 此外，线束工艺还包括编制材料消耗定额明细表、工时测算、工人培训等，由于技术含量值不高，这些也就不细说了。总而言之，汽车线束在车内电子技术含量和质量，逐渐成为评价汽车性能的一项重要指标。汽车厂商对于线束的选择应该尤为重视，也有必要了解下汽车线束的工艺和生产。 如今汽车线束的生产工艺 汽车线束越来越复杂线束的故障率也相应增加 那是由于人们对舒适性、经济性、安全性要求的不断提高，汽车上的电子产品种类也在不断增加。这就要求提高线束的可靠性和耐久性等性能，许多人对于汽车线束的工艺和生产比较有兴趣，在这里浩智电子就汽车线束工艺和生产这方面的知识做个简单的叙述，您只需要花几分钟阅读，就能大致了解。 在汽车线束二维产品图纸出来以后，要编排线束的生产工艺，工艺是服务于生产的两者密不可分，因此笔者将汽车线束的生产和工艺二者结合起来一起分析。 汽车线束生产过程的工艺: 汽车线束生产的第一个工位是开线工艺。开线工艺的准确性直接关系到整个生产进度，一旦出现错误特别是开线尺寸偏短，会导致 所有工位的返工，费时费力影响生产效率。所以在编制开线工艺是一定要根据图纸的要求合理确定导线的开线尺寸，剥头尺寸。 汽车线束开线之后的第二个工位就是压接工艺，根据图纸要求的端子类型确定压接参数，制作压接操作说明书，对于有特殊要求的需要在工艺文件上注明并培训操作工。比如:有的导线需要先穿过护套后才可压接，它需要先预装导线然后从预装工位返回再压接;还有刺破式压接用到专用的压接工具，这种压接方式具有良好的电接触性能。 汽车线束接着就是预装工艺了，首先要编制预装工艺操作说明书，为了提高总装效率，复杂的线束都要设置预装工位，预装工艺的合理与否直接影响到总装配的效率也反映出一个工艺人员的技术水平高低。如果预装部分装配的偏少或者装配的导线路径不合理会加大总装配人员的工作量，放慢流水线的速度所以工艺人员要经常呆在现场不断总结。 汽车线束最后一步就是，总装工艺。能够编根据产品开发部门设计的装配台板，设计工装设备、物料盒规格尺寸并将所有装配护套和附件的编号贴于物料盒上以提高装配效率。编制各个工位装配内容和要求，平衡整个总装工位防止出现一点工作量过大，拉下整个流水线速度的情况。要做到工位平衡，工艺人员必须对每个操作了熟于心并现场测算工时，随时调整装配工艺。 此外，汽车线束工艺还包括编制材料消耗定额明细表、工时测算、工人培训等，由于技术含量值不高，这些也就不细说了。总而言之，汽车线束在车内电子技术含量和质量，逐渐成为评价汽车性能的一项重要指标。汽车厂商对于线束的选择应该尤为重视，也有必要了解下汽车线束的工艺和生产。 汽车线束设计及线束用原材料 2007-3-20 16:49:40 【文章字体:大 中 小】 打印 收藏 关闭 原作者:谷孝卫 汽车线束是汽车电路的网络主体，没有线束也就不存在汽车电路。随着人们对汽车的安全性、舒适性、经济性和排放性要求的提高，汽车线束变得越来越复杂，但车身给予线束的空间却越来越小。因此，如何提高汽车线束的综合性能设计便成为关注的焦点，而且汽车线束制造厂家不再单纯地搞线束后期设计和制造，和汽车主机厂家联合进行前期开发成为必然的趋势。笔者根据几年来从事线束设计和制造的经验，谈谈线束的一般设计流程和设计原则。 一、整车电路设计 (一)电源分配设计 汽车的供电系统设计是否合理，直接关系到汽车电器件的正常工作与否和全车的安全性，因此世界各国的汽车线束设计出发点基本都是以安全为主。整车电气系统基本上由3个部分组成。 蓄电池直接供电系统(一般称常电或30电)。这部分的电源所接负载一般都是汽车的安全件或重要件，主要目的是在为这些件提供电能时尽量少的加以控制，确保这些件即使汽车发动不起来也能短暂正常工作，以方便到站点维修等。如:发动机ECU及发动机传感器的工作电源、燃油泵的工作电源、ABS控制器的电源、诊断 接口电源等。 点火开关控制的供电系统(一般称为IG档或巧电)。这部分电器件基本上是在发动机工作运转的情况下才使用，取自发电机的电源，避免了为蓄电池充电时争电源的可能性。如:仪表电源、制动灯电源、安全气囊电源等。 发动机起动时卸掉负载的电源(一般称为ACC电源)。这部分电器件一般所带的负载较大，且在汽车起动时不必工作。一般有点烟器电源、空调电源、收放机电源、刮水器电源等。 (二)线路保护设计 线路保护就是要对导线加以保护，兼顾对回路电器件的保护。保护装置主要有熔断器、断路顺和易熔线。 1(熔断器的选取原则 发动机ECU、ABS等对整车性能及安全影响大，另外，易受其他用电设备千扰的电器件必须单设熔断器。 发动机传感器、各类报警信号灯和外部照明灯、喇叭等电器件对整车性能及安全影响也较大，但该类电负荷对相互间的干扰并不敏感。因此，这类电负荷可以根据情况相互组合，共同使用一个熔断器。 对于为增加舒适性而设置的普通电器件类的电负荷可以根据情况相互组合，共同使用一个熔断器。 熔断器分快熔式和慢熔式。快熔式熔断器的主要部件是细锡线，其中片式熔断器结构简单、可靠性和耐振好、易检测，所以被广泛采用;慢熔式熔断器实际上是锡合金片，这种结构的熔断器一般串接到感性负载的电路中，如电机电路。 电阻型的负载与电感型的负载尽量避开使用同一个熔断器。 一般根据电器件的最大连续工作电流计算并确定熔断器容量，可按经验公式:熔断器额定容量,电路最大工作电流?80%(或70%)。 2(断路器 断路器最大的特点是可恢复性，但其成本较高，使用较少。断路器一般都是热敏机械装置，它利用两种金属的不同热变形，使触点开闭或自行接通。新型的断路器，使用PTC固体材料作为过流保护元件，它是一种正温度系数的电阻，根据电流或温度的高低断开或接通。这种保护元件的最大优势是当故障排除后能自动接通， 不需人工调节和拆换。 3(易熔线 易熔线的特点是当线路通过极大的过载电流时，易熔线能在一定的时间内(一般?5s)熔断，从而切断电源，防止产生恶性事故。易熔线也是由导体和绝缘层构成，绝缘层一般为氯磺化聚乙烯材料，因为绝缘层较厚，所以看。起来比同规格的导线粗。 2易熔线一般接在蓄电池直接引出的电路中。易熔线的常用的公称截面有0.3mm、 222220.5mm、0.75mm、1.0mm、1.5mm，甚至还有8mm等更大截面的易熔线。易熔线的 3导线线段长度分为(50?5)mm、(100?10)mm、(150?15)mm种。 易熔线应有明显的标志，当其熔断后，其标志仍应存在以便于更换。易熔线的熔断特性如表1所示。 (三)继电器的选取设计 继电器分为电流式和电压式2种。一般根据用电器的功率和开关的承载能力来决定是否选用继电器。常用继电器的设备一般有刮水器、喇叭、除霜、前照灯、雾灯、风扇、鼓风机、转向灯(闪光器)等。继电器分6V、12V、24V3种，常用的继电器额定电压为12V。 选用继电器要参考的技术要求:?可靠性好;?性能稳定;?质量轻、体积小、寿命长，对周围元器件影响小;?结构简单、工艺性好、成本低。 (四)搭铁分配设计原则 发动机ECU、ABS等对整车性能及安全影响大，且易受其他用电设备干扰，所以这些件的搭铁点一定要单设。 对于安全气囊系统，它的搭铁点不仅应单设，而且为了确保其安全可靠，最好采用复式搭铁。其目的是其中一处搭铁失效，系统可以通过另一搭铁点搭铁，确保系统安全工作。 无线电系统为避免千扰，也要单独搭铁。 弱信号传感器的搭铁最好独立，搭铁点最好是在离传感器较近的位置，以保证信号的真实传递。 其他电器件可根据具体布置情况相互组合共用搭铁点。原则是就近搭铁，避免搭铁线过长，造成不必要的电压降。 蓄电池负极线、发动机搭铁线等因导线截面较大，因此一定要控制好线长和走向，减小电压降;为增加安全性，发动机、车身一般要单独连到蓄电池负极搭铁; 搭铁方式:一是通过孔式接头搭铁，此法一定要在接头的尾部烤上热缩管绝缘;二是通过内部短接的护套直接搭铁。 二、线束三维布局走向设计 此流程主要是模拟仿真不同区域的线束走向、直径，考虑线束过孔的密封和保护，模拟线束的固定孔位和固定方式等，如图1所示。三维布线用的主要软件有PRO-E、UG和CATIA等。 三、插接件的选取设计 插接件是线束的核心部件，插接件的性能直接决定着线束整体的性能，而且对全车的电器稳定性、安全性起着决定性的作用。 (一)插接件的选取设计原则 插接件选取要保证与电器件的良好接触，使接触电阻降为最低，提高可靠性，优先选用双弹簧式压紧结构的插接件。 根据导线的截面积和通过电流的大小合理选择插接件。 发动机舱内对接的护套，由于舱内温度、湿度偏大且存在着很多腐蚀性气体和液体，因此一定要选择防水性护套。 在同一条线束中若用同一种护套，其颜色一定要有区别。 基于汽车外观的整体协调性，在发动机舱中应优先选用黑色或深色的护套。 为减少线束对接用护套的种类和数量，优先选用混合型件，使装配固定方便。 对于要求性能较高的安全气囊、ABS、ECU等用的端子插接件，应优先选用镀金 件以保证安全可靠性。 蓄电池接头(电瓶夹)内部为锥体，锥度为1:9;电瓶夹的材料为镀锡铜、镀锌铜或铅锑合金。 不同规格的插接件可承载的电流一般如下:1系列，10A左右;2.2或3系列，20A左右;4.8系列，30A左右;6.3系列，45A左右;7.8或9.5系列，60A左右。 (二)插接件原材料(材质)性能分析 1(护套材质(塑料件) 常用的材质主要有PA6、PA66、ABS、PBT、pp等，笔者总结了它们的具体性能差异，见表2。设计插件时可根据不同的需求选择不同的材质，还可根据实际情况在塑料中添加阻燃或增强材料，以达到增强或阻燃的目的，如添加玻璃纤维增强等。 2(端子材质(铜件) 插接件用的铜主要是黄铜和青铜(黄铜的硬度比青铜的硬度稍低)，其中黄铜占的比重较大。另外，可根据不同的需求选择不同的镀层。 四、导线的选取设计 (一)导线类型的选择 线束设计选用导线类型重点考虑线束所处的环境和功能。例如:发动机周围环境温度高，腐蚀性气体和液体也很多。因此，一定要使用耐高温、耐油、耐振动、耐摩擦导线;行李厢盖上的导线要在低温下保持其弹性，所以要选用冷弹性导线保证其正常工作;自动变速器上的导线一定要耐高温、耐液压油，其温度稳定性要好;弱信号传感器要用屏蔽导线，例如爆震传感器和曲轴位置传感器、ABS轮速传感器 等;门内线耐弯曲性要求高等。 汽车线束常用的导线通常使用多股绞合铜导线，绝缘皮为PVC绝缘材料。线束用导线要有耐温、耐油、耐磨、防水、防腐蚀、抗氧化、阻燃等特性。 汽车线束常用的导线种类有日标(AVSS等)、国标(QVR)、德标(FLRY)、美标等几大系列。AVSS(AVS)导线的特点是薄皮绝缘，柔韧性较好;QVR的特点是绝缘皮厚，比较柔软，延展性好;德标导线绝缘皮更薄，柔韧性好;美标导线绝缘皮一般为热塑性或热固性弹性体，还有经过辐照工艺加工的。可根据用户的需求和不同的工作环境选取适当类型的导线。 (二)计算选取导线截面积 根据电器件功率的大小计算流通导线的电流;长时间工作的电气设备可选择实际载流量60%的导线;短时间工作的用电设备可选用实际载流量60%-100%之间的导线。 根据不同的工作环境和温度大小适当改变导线的截面积。 根据导线的走向、插接件的数量(即电压降的大小)适当改变导线的截面积。 关于导线截面积的计算，也有一些专家总结出一些经验公式: I=P/UsA=IρL/Ud 式中:I——电流;P——功率;Us——系统电压;A——导线截面积;Ud——允许最大电压降损失;ρ——铜电阻率;L——导线长度。 或按下面经验公式: I=A×10+8/2 允许流通电流与导线截面积关系经验理论值(比按上面公式计算值偏大)如表3所示。 五、全车线束密封件(橡胶件)的设计 汽车线束过孔时一般运用橡胶件进行过渡，以起到耐磨、防水、密封等作用。主要分布在以下部位:发动机与驾驶室接口处、前舱与驾驶室接口处(左右共2处)、四门(或有后背门)与车厢接口处、油箱进口处。 常用的材质一般为天然橡胶、氯丁胶、硅橡胶、三元乙丙等。 天然橡胶的特性:具有良好的弹性和机械强度，有优异的耐曲挠性，有较高的撕裂强度和良好的耐寒性。缺点:耐老化性不大好，不耐油和臭氧，易燃。 氯丁胶的特性:耐臭氧、耐热老化、耐油等性能较好，具有难燃性和自熄性;但耐低温性不好。 硅橡胶的特性:耐热性、耐寒性和耐侯性较好;缺点是不耐油。三元乙丙的特性:耐侯性、耐臭氧、耐热、耐腐蚀性、耐酸碱等性能都较好，而且拥有高强度和高伸缩率;缺点:粘接性较差，且弹性没天然橡胶好，耐油性差。 比较而言，三元乙丙的综合性能较好，所以现在汽车线束用橡胶件一般选用三元乙丙材料。 六、全车线束包扎和固定设计 (一)线束包扎设计 线束外包扎起到耐磨、阻燃、防腐蚀、防止干扰、降低噪声、美化外观的作用，一般根据工作环境和空间大小制定以下包扎设计。 发动机线束工作环境恶劣，因此全用高阻燃性、防水、机械强度高的波纹管包扎。 前舱线工作环境也相对较差，大部分枝干也用阻燃性好的波纹管包扎，部分分支用PVC管包扎。 仪表线工作空间较小，环境相对较好，可用胶带全缠或花缠。 门线和顶篷线工作空间较小，可用胶带全缠，部分枝干可用工业塑料布包扎;较细的顶篷线可直接用海绵胶带粘在车身上。 底盘线因与车体接触部位较多，因此用波纹管包扎防止线束磨损。 (二)包扎用原材料的性能分析 1(波纹管 波纹管在线束包扎中一般占到60%左右，甚至更多。主要的特点就是耐磨性较好，在高温区耐高温性、阻燃性、耐热性都很好。波纹管的耐温在-40-150?间。它的材质一般分PP和PA2种。PA材质在阻燃、耐磨方面优于PP材质;但PP材质在抗弯曲疲劳性方面强于PA材质。 2(PVC管 PVC管的功用和波纹管差不多。PVC管柔软性和抗弯曲变形性较好，而且PVC管 一般为闭口，所以PVC管主要用于线束拐弯的分支处，以便使导线圆滑过渡。PVC管的耐热温度不高，一般在80?以下。 3(胶带 胶带在线束中起到捆扎、耐磨、绝缘、阻燃、降噪、作标记等作用，在包扎材料中一般占到30%左右。线束用胶带一般分PVC胶带、气绒布胶带和布基胶带3种。PVC胶带耐磨性、阻燃性较好;耐温在80?左右，降噪性不好，价格较便宜。绒布胶带和布基胶带材料为PET。绒布胶带的包扎性和降噪性最好，耐温在105?左右;布基胶带的耐磨性最好，耐温最高150?左右。绒布胶带和布基胶带共有的缺点是阻燃性不好，价格昂贵。 6.3线束固定设计 中央电器盒一般用钢板条、螺栓等固定，或用电器盒本身设计的固定结构直接安装在车身上。 各条线束一般用塑料扎带、扣钩等固定在车身孔内。车身孔大多为圆孔或椭圆孔，一般直径为5mm、6mm、7mm不等。 各条线束间对接的护套一般用护套支架集体固定起来，并安装在车身上。 海狮、MPV等较大车型的车身线长且粗，一般用护板固定在车身上，以降低震动和噪声。 信息来源: 汽车电器 线束连接器 线束连接器是端子的一种，连接器又称插接器，由插头和插座组成。连接器是汽车电路中线束的中继站。线束与线束、线束与电器部件之间的连接一般采用连接器，汽车线束连接器是连接汽车各个电器与电子设备的重要部件为了防止连接器在汽车行驶中脱开，所有的连接器均采用了闭锁装置。 目录 , 线束连接器的连接方法 , 线束连接器的拆卸方法 , 线束连接器特点 , 线束连接器产品的应用 , 线束连接器的市场前景 , 线束连接器发展史 , 线束连接器的连接方法 o 线束连接器是端子的一种，连接器又称插接器，由插头和插座组成。 连接器是汽车电路中线束的中继站。线束与线束、线束与电器部件 之间的连接一般采用连接器，汽车线束连接器是连接汽车各个电器 与电子设备的重要部件为了防止连接器在汽车行驶中脱开，所有的 连接器均采用了闭锁装置。 , 线束连接器的拆卸方法 o 要拆开连接器时，首先要解除闭锁，然后把插接器拉开，不允许在 未解除闭锁的情况下用力拉线束，这样会损坏闭锁装置或连接线 束。 , 线束连接器特点 o 比如汽车线束连接器是连接汽车各个电器与电子设备的重要部件，在电源、 开关、电器和电子设备之间传递电信号，素有汽车神经之称，是对汽车进行 电信号控制的载体。具有气密性好、外观美观等特点。主要特点 1.单极75 安培连接器和端子 2.工作电压: 600伏,(交流或直流均可) 3.插拔寿 命:5000次以上 4.耐压绝缘电压: 2200伏 5.导通电阻: 100微欧姆。 , 线束连接器产品的应用 o 线束连接器产品应用于汽车,家电,仪器仪表,办公设备,商用机器,电子部品 引线.电子控制板，应用于数码产品、家用电器、汽车工业。随着汽车功能 的增加, 电子控制技术的普遍应用, 电气件越来越多, 电线也会越来越多～ , 线束连接器的市场前景 o 近年来,我国手机产量的高速增长带动了对手机连接器的 大量需求。手机连接器中，以电池连接器、SIM卡连接器、FPC 连接器 需求量最大，约占总需求量的50[%]。据环球资源市场 显示,2004 年，在电脑和消费电子市场突出需求的推动下，我国内地连接器 市场将呈现两位数的增长。很多本地连接器制造商都是以模具开发 或制造起家，再逐渐渗透到连接器制造领域。由于拥有模具开发、 制造和塑胶成型能 力，因此无论是从成本控制上还是对客户和市场的快速反应能力方 面 比较，他们都具有相当大的竞争优势。 , 线束连接器发展史 o 连接器产品肇始于二次大战期间，主要应用于军工企业，随着2战结束，就 连接器及线束的供应量来说，目前市场处于供大于求的状况。我国通用连接 器与线束在汽车领域的应用与发展，已经有50多年的历史 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.