(完整版)英语各种词性前后缀及习题

各种词性前后缀1.常见前缀 前缀 含义 例词 en- 使可能 enrich丰富enable使能够，使有机会enlarge扩大 dis- 不，否定 dissatisfy使不满意disappear消失disagree不同意dishonesty不诚实disadvantage不利条件 un- 不 unable不能够unlucky不幸的unhappy不开心的 un+v. 做相反动作 undress脱衣服unload卸货uncover揭开 in-im-ir-il- 不，非 inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的impolite不礼貌的impossible不可能的immoral不道德的irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的illogical不合逻辑的illegal非法的 non- 不，非 non-existent不存在的non-stop直达的,连续不断的 mis- 错误的，坏的 misunderstand误解mislead误导misfortune厄运,不幸 Re- 重复，再 rewrite重写,remarry再婚 super- 在上面，超级 supermarket超市supermodel超级名模superstar超级明星 under- 在……之下 underestimate低估underground地下的 inter- 相互，之间 international国际的interact交流,合作,相互作用 semi- 半 semifinal半决赛semicircle半圆semi-conscious半昏迷半清醒的 multi- 多，多种 multi-national多国的multi-colored多种颜色的multi-cultural多文化的 kilo- 千 kilometer千米,公里kilogram千克 tele- 远 telephone电话television电视 a- 在……上/里向……. aboard在船/火车/飞机上ahead在前面aside向旁边abroad在国外2.名词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 n.+er 相关的人 farmer农夫officer官员 v.+er 从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人 teacher教师worker工人reader读者writer作家 地点名词+er 住在某处的人 Londoner伦敦人villager村民 -ess 女…… actress女演员hostess女主人 -or 同er- conductor售票员visitor游客inventor发明家actor演员survivor幸存者editor编辑 -ar 同er- beggar乞丐 -ese 某国人,某国语 Chinese中国人,汉语Japanese日本人,日语 -ian 从事某职业的人 musician音乐家physician医师,内科医生 -ist 从事某职业的人 scientist科学家dentist牙医pianist钢琴家artist艺术家communist共产主义者socialist社会主义者 -ment 行为的结果 argument争论judgment判断 -ness 状态,情况,特征 happiness幸福illness疾病 -tion 动作,行为 dictation听写preparation准备 -ship 身份,状态 leadership领导friendship友谊citizenship国籍；公民权 -ance acceptance接受appearance外表；出现 -ence confidence信息reference参考 n.+ful 以该名词容量为单位的量 glassful一杯mouthful一口plateful一盘spoonful一羮匙 -al refusal拒绝denial抵赖arrival到达approval赞成；批准burial埋葬；葬礼survival幸存 -y difficulty困难possibility可能性 -ism socialism社会主义materialism唯物主义3.形容词后缀 后缀 例词 -al industrial工业的national国家的,民族的 -an European欧洲的American美国的,美洲的 -ern eastern东方的northern北方的southern南方的 -able reasonable合理的believable可相信的unbearable难以忍受的 -ful careful仔细的,小心的cheerful兴高采烈的beautiful美丽的 -ish childish孩子般的selfish自私的foolish愚蠢的 -ive active活跃的,积极的creative创造性的destructive破坏的；毁灭性的 -y thirsty口渴的dirty脏的windy有风的 -en golden金色的,金的wooden木的,木质的woolen羊毛的 -ous continuous持续的various各种各样的 -ary imaginary幻想的revolutionary革命的 -ic realistic现实的historic历史的 -some troublesome麻烦的lonesome孤独的,寂寞的 -like childlike孩子般的,单纯的womanlike女人般的 -ly friendly友好的lovely可爱的 -less careless粗心的harmless无害的homeless无家可归的useless无用的4.动词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 -en 使……成为,使……具有 widen加宽sharpen削尖deepen加深strengthen加强shorten缩短soften软化quicken加快 adj.+ize 使……变成,使……化 Americanize美国化civilize使开化modernize现代化nationalize国有化 -y 使……化 beautify美化simplify简化5.副词后缀-ly是最常见的副词后缀,可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。如：slowly缓慢地happily高兴地truly真实地wholly全部地simply纯粹地练习1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。(1)Doyouknowthe______(deep)oftheriver(2)His_____(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident(3)Heisoneofthe______(science)whosupportthistheory.：(1)depth(2)carelessness(3)scientists2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词,如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：(1)Pleasepay________(attend)toyourhandwriting.(2)His_______(arrive)madethesituationworse.(3)Theteacherwasangryatmy_________(come)late.答案：(1)attention(2)arrival(3)coming3.动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词级的变化。如：(1)Theboyran______(quick)toschool.(2)“What’sthat”Fathershouted______(angry).(3)Thelittlegirlis______（extreme）eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam。(4).Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______(height).答案：(1)quickly(2)angrily(3)extremely(4)higher4.在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1)What’sthe________(width)riverintheworld(2)The_______(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.答案：(1)widest(2)stronger5即时训练单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Marywasvery______atthenews,soshelooked______atherhusband,hereyesfullof______(sad).2.He________footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3.Look!How________Kateislaughing!Sheseemstobethe______girlintheworld(happy).4.Toour______,theheadmasterwasvery______withourreport.(satisfy)5.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany______.(invent)6.Ishould________mytaskandmakeit________tofinishit.(simple)7.Theboyhavingthe________ofbeinghalfstarved________,nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8.Thepolice_____thepotand______aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9.Youareso_______tohelpme.Thankyouforyour________.(kindly)10.Everythingisbecoming____________thanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_____________.(expend)语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空ARaftingisan___1__(excite)adventure.Araftisasmallboatthatyoucanusetopaddledownriversandstreams.Raftingisagoodwaytoexperience___2___(natural).Ifyouwantanormalraftingtrip,chooseaquietstreamorriverthatiswideandhasfewfallentreesorrocks.Ifyouarelookingformore___3___（excite）,youmaywanttotrywhitewaterrafting.Whitewaterraftingis___4___（adventure）?and___5___(difficulty)thannormalrafting.Itisdoneonriversandstreamswherethewatermoves___6___(quick).Youhavetobe___7___(care)nottohitrocks,treesandother___8___(dangerous).Thename“Whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.BSteveJonesisan___1___(environment)expertwhotriestokeepanimalsandplantsfrom___2___(become)endangered.Ifweknowmoreaboutwhatcauses___3___(danger),wemaybeabletotakemeasuresbeforeitistoolate.Aspeciescanbecome___4___(endanger)for___5___(differ)reasons.Animalsandplantsmusthaveahabitatorhome,whichis___6___(comfort)andclean,andwherethereisenoughfoodandotherresources.Otherwisetheycannotlive___7___(comfortable).Theyareallusedtotheirenvironment;thatis,theyhavelearnthowtolive___8___(succeed)intheirhabitat.【参考答案】一、单句填空1.sad,sadly,sadness2.played,players3.happily,happiest4.satisfaction,satisfied5.inventor;inventions6.simplify,simpler/simple7.appearance,disappeared8.discovered,uncovered9.kind,kindness10.moreexpensive,expenses二、语篇填空A.1.exciting2.nature3.excitement4.adventurous5.difficult6.quickly7.careful8.dangersB.1.environmental2.becoming3.endangerment4.endangered5.different6.comfortable7.comfortably8.successfully