平江路中英文

平江路历史文化街区旅游发展潜力实证研 究 一、平江路简介 1.1“先有平江府,再有苏州城。”平江,原为苏州府之名。据历史载:宋政和三年(1113)正月,升苏州为平江府,平江之名自此始。平江路位于苏州古城东北隅,东起外环城河,西至临顿路,南起干将路,北至白塔东路面积约为116.5公顷,该区域在1986年经国务院批准的《苏州市城市总体》中被划为绝对保护区。其核心价值在于完整保存了公元前514年吴国伍子胥构建阖闾大城时的河街相邻、水路并行的双棋盘的独特城市格局,是苏州古城迄今为止传统城市格局、建筑风貌和生活习俗保存最完整的一个区域,被誉为苏州古城的缩影。 According to historical records, it was in lunar January, the third year of the emperor Songhuizong?s governance (1113) that the government granted Suzhou as Pingjiang Prefecture . Henceforth, the name of Pingjiang had its existence. Pingjiang Street is located in the north-east of Suzhou with outer city ring river in the east, Lindun Road in the east, Ganjiang Road in the south and the East Baita Road in the north. It approximately covers a gross area of 116.5 hectares. In 1986, Pingjiang Street was selected as the protection zone according to the Overall City Planning of Suzhou approved by the State Council. The core value of this region lies in the integrated preservation of the double-chessboard layout of Suzhou, with the streets and rivers going side by side while the water and land routes running in parallel, designed by Wu Zixu who established the Helv City in 514 BC. This street, with traditional city layout, original architectural style and the living habits is the best preser ved zone in ancient city of Suzhou so far. It is also praised as … the Ancient City of Suzhou in miniature?. 平江路现存的整体布局已经历千年之久,仍然保持着“小桥流水、粉墙黛瓦”的江南水城风貌,积淀着深厚的文化底蕴,聚集了极为丰富的历史遗存和人文景观。昆曲博物馆、评弹博物馆都是中国非物质文化遗产的重要载体。 一条青石板路延续了平江路的千年历史,也演绎着姑苏原汁原味的市井生活,漫步其中,可享受古今,聆听青石板传递的千年回音。 The existing overall layout of Pingjiang Street has a history of more than one thousand years. However, it still remains the waterside town style, with small bridges over the flowing rivers and white walls and dark tiles, which accumulates deep cultural deposits and gathers extremely plentiful historical relics and human landscapes. Both Kun Opera Museum and Pingtan Museum are the important carriers of China?s intangible cultural heritage. The one-thousand-year history of Pingjiang Street goes on along the stone slabs which witness the authentic life of the local people. Strolling in the street, you can feel the unique lingering charm of this landscape produced by its long history. 二、平江路文脉、地脉、人脉、商脉研究分析 2.1文脉 2.1.1历史文化知名度 苏州是中国首批公布的24个历史文化名城之一。而作为苏州的历史名街,平江历史街区先后荣获"亚太文化遗产保护荣誉奖"、"中国民族建筑保护杰出贡献奖"和"国家传统建筑文化保护示范"称号;被评为中国首批"十大历史文化名街"、"国家AAAA级旅游景区"。"平江历史街区保护项目"也入选中国城市遗产保护经典案例。 2.1.1 Historical and cultural fame Suzhou is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities acclaimed in China. As a famous historical street in Suzhou, Pingjiang Historical District gloriously won …UNESCO A sia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation?,…The Outstanding Contribution Award for Preserving Chinese National Architectures?and achieved the title of National Traditional Architectural and Cultural Preservation Demonstration Project one after another. Moreover,it is among the first group of …Chinese Ten historical and cultural streets?and …National AAAA level scenic spots?.In addition,…Ping jiang Historic Di strict Conservation Project?was selected as the Chinese classic case of urban heritage protection. 2.1.2历史文化价值 作为著名历史文化名城苏州古城的一部分,平江路历史文化街区内处处珠玑:街区内有世界文化遗产——耦园,人类口述和非物质文化遗产代表作昆曲展示区——中国昆曲博物馆(全晋会馆),历史上明代状元申时行,清代状元潘世恩、吴廷琛、洪钧,近代国学大师顾颉刚,文学批评家郭绍虞,著名医师钱伯煊,电影评论家唐纳等许多文人雅士、达官贵人都曾生活于此。留存至今的各级文保单位有9处,控制保护建筑43处,名人故居20处,古牌坊2座;还有古井10口及古树散落其间,如同一座没有场馆的江南城市建筑博物馆。这些文物古迹,犹如一颗颗璀璨夺目的明珠,折射出古城历史文化的光华。 2.1.2Historical and cultural value As a part of the ancient city of Suzhou--a famous historical and cultural city,Ping Jiang histo rical and cultural district is abundant in treasures. It boasts The Couple?s Garden Retreat (World Cultural Heritage) and China Kunqu Opera Museum(Human Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage Masterpiece Kunqu Opera Exhibition Hall).There were many literati and high officials living here before, such as Shen Shixing( No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in Ming Dynasty),Pan Shi?en ,Wu Tingchen and Hong Jun (No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in Qing Dynasty),the Gu Jiegang(modern master of Chinese culture), Guo Shaoyu(literary critic),the Qian Boxuan (renowned traditional Chinese physician), Tang Na (film critic), and so on.There exist 9 cultural relics protection units under various levels,43 architectures under control and protection,20 former residences of celebrities,2 memorial arches,10 ancient wells and some ancient trees scattering around the neighborhood,which form an open museum displaying the architectures of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The relics,like shining pearls,reflect the splendor and glory of the long history and profound culture of Suzhou City. 2.1.3活态文化完整性和真实性 2.1. 3.1完整性。平江历史街区富有江南水乡特色的城市布局,作为生活方式和传统文化的重要保留场所,其独特性深深扎根于古老街巷和建筑所构成的历史文化空间里。在保护和整治的同时,充分开发和利用历史文化资源,发展其特有的功能,通过开展招商活动,进一 步提升历史街区的品位,促进历史街区的旅游和经济发展,以达到旅游、文化、商贸等联为一体,共同繁荣的目的。以昆曲为例,它已经经历了三个变化:从前昆曲院门前长草,如今演员档期已排满;以前只有老观众爱听,现在年轻人引为时尚;从前,演员看不到前途,现在新人也有粉丝了。昆剧是中国古代民族文化的“百科全”,是中国特定历史社会形态的“活化石”,通过昆剧可以再现全景的、动态的、直观的、可解读的历史社会形态。昆剧内容包括古代社会生活的各个方面。如历史、政治、经济、法律、、仪轨、生活方式、社会心理、民俗民情,乃至服饰、房屋结构等。 2.1.3The completion and authenticity of living culture 2.1. 3.1Completion Pingjiang Historical District is characteristic of layout of water towns in the regions south of the Yangtze River. As an important retained space of traditional lifestyle and culture,its uniqueness is deeply rooted in the weather-beaten streets,lanes and buildings. In addition to the protection and renovation,it?s important to exploit and utilize its historical and cultural resources so as to highlight its features by attracting investment and other business activities. It aims to further improve the taste of the street district, to promote the tourist and economic development and to integrate tourism,culture and commerce for mutual prosperity. Take Kunqu Opera as an example.It has experienced three changes:there was growing grass in front of the Kunqu courtyard in the past ,while today the performance schedule is full;only old audience had interest in it in the past ,but now young people begin to care for it; actors were unable to catch sight of their prospects in the past ,while now the new actors have their fans. Kunqu Opera is the encyclopedia of Chinese ancient culture, living fossil of Chinese special historical and social,which reveals panoramic,dynamic,intuitive and interpretable historic and social states.The content of Kunqu Opera covers various aspects of ancient social life,such as history,politics,economy,laws,systems,etiquette,lifestyle,social psychology,customs and even dress,housing structure etc. 2.1. 3.2真实性。其真实性体现在,在保持原汁原味的本色文化基础上,坚持传承性发展和弘扬平江历史街区的物质和非物质文化。评弹博物馆、昆曲博物馆、刺绣艺术文化、雕刻艺术等充满活力的文化在平江路的挖掘中得以真实性的保留和发展。 2.1. 3.2Authenticity Its authenticity lies in the preservation of original culture,on the basis of which both tangible and intangible culture of Pingjiang Historical District is inherited, developed and promoted.Pingtan Museum,Kunqu Museum,embroidery artistic culture,sculpture art and other dynamic arts are authentically retained and developed during the progress of Pingjiang Road. 2.2地脉 2.2.1苏州城市的地理位置 苏州位于江苏省东南部,东临上海,南接浙江,西抱太湖,北依长江。其中心地理坐标为北纬31°19',东经120°37',是我国的历史文化名城和重要的风景旅游城市,是长江三角洲重要的中心城市之一。 Suzhou is in the southern part of Jiangsu Province, with Shanghai to the east, Zhejiang Province to the south, Taihu Lake to the west and the Yangtze River to the north. Its central geographic coordinate: northern latitude 31°9′an d east longitude 120°37′. Suzhou is a historical and cultural city as well as a key tourist city and it is one of the major cities on the Yangtze River Delta. 2.2.2平江路在苏州的地理位置 平江历史街区位于苏州古城东北隅,东起外环城河,西至临顿路,南起干将路,北至白塔东路,紧邻拙政园历史街区,这里作为诸多历史景点的聚集之地,拙政园、狮子林、网师园、沧浪亭等,会让游客在闲逛平江路的同时感受中国古典园林之美,体会江南水乡风韵。随着游览项目的丰富化,游客们定会对这片区域流连忘返。作为苏州最繁华的步行街,这里可以给游客带来诸多现代与古风融合的气息。其中最为核心部分就属平江路,它是苏州迄今保存最完整、规模最大的一个区域。 Pingjiang Historic Street is located in the northeast of Suzhou, with outer ring river in the east, Lindun Road in the west, Ganjiang Road in the south and the East Baita Road in the north, which is near to the Humble Administrator?s Garden. There are lots of historical sites in the nearby areas, such as The Humble Administrator?s Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden, the Lion Grove Garden, the Couple?s Garden Retreat and so forth. Walking leisurely in the street, visitors can appreciate the beauty of China Classical Garden and feel the charm of the areas south of the Yangtze River. Visitors enjoy themselves so much that they want to stay so as to appreciate the abundant tourism resource to their heart?s content. As one of the most fascinating places in Suzhou, it shows the perfect combination of modernization and classicality. Pingjiang Street is the essence of ancient city of Suzhou, which is preserved intactly in large scale. 2.2.3街区在城市规划中的地位 江苏省苏州市、平江区政府及相关职能部门一直非常重视平江路的整体保护工作,并将保护工作纳入了国民经济和社会发展计划。2002年,以迎接第28届世界遗产大会在苏州召开为契机,苏州市委、市政府启动了平江路风貌保护与环境整治先导试验性工程,并在2005年批准通过了同济大学编制的《苏州古城平江历史街区保护整治规划》,平江路由此揭开了全面保护的新篇章。 The municipal government and the district government of Pingjiang Street always pay attention to the overall protection of Pingjiang Street and brings this protection work into the project of National Economy and Social Development. In 2002, Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal government started the testing project--preserving the original appearance of Pingjiang Street and stopping destroying environment in order to embrace the 28th World Heritage Convention held in Suzhou. What?s more, in 2005Conservation and Renovation Project of Pingjiang Historic District of Suzhou ancient city compiled by Tongji University was approved. 2002年至2004年,苏州市委、市政府实施平江路风貌保护与环境整治工程,通过拆除违章建筑、10类管线入地、铺设石板路、疏浚河道、维修老房子等,共耗资1亿多元,使平江路从北塔东路到干将路的主要部分(全长1090米)再现天生丽质。该保护规划项目不仅采用了国际通行的修旧如旧的修复手法,同时还引入了唤醒老建筑活力的动态保护思维。联合国教科文组织评委会对规划的评价是:“该项目是城市复兴的一个范例,在历史风貌保护、社会结构维护、实施操作模式等方面的突出表现,证明了历史街区是可以走向永续发展的。” From 2002 to 2004,Suzhou Municipal Party and Government carried out the project of preserving the features and renovating the environment of Pingjiang Street by demolishing illegal buildings, putting ten types of pipelines into the ground, paving road with stone slabs, dredging the riverway and repairing the old houses to reappear the beauty of the major parts(1090 meters) of Pingjiang Street from East Beita Road to Ganjiang Road. The whole project cost more than 100 million yuan. The project not only adopts the recuperative method which is in common use worldwide, but also brings in the dynamic protection notion of waking up the vitality of old buildings. The judging panel of the UNESCO evaluates that this project is a paradigm of the urban revitalization and it is prominent in historical landscape protection, maintenance of social structure, and operation mode, proving that historic districts can achieve sustainable development. 2.3人脉 2.3.1历史文化名人 人们常说,一座城市的文化品位,往往通过这座城市的建筑物和所拥有的文化名人体现出来。建筑物是历史的遗存、文化的结晶,也是人的心血和造化。一个缺乏文化名人群体支撑的城市,不可能成为真正的文化名城。苏州的平江路亦是如此,从古至今灿烂悠久的800年历史文化孕育了一个又一个杰出人才。 2.3.1Historic and cultural celebrities As the people?s saying goes,the cultural taste of this city?s is usually reflected by the local buildings and celebrities.These buildings are historic relics,cultural crystallization and people?s effort and sweat.It is impossible to be a genuine historic and cultural city without sustaining by cultural celebrity group,including Pingjiang Road,which nurtured one by one outstanding talent throughout history with 800 years?splendid historic culture. 2.3.1.1潘世恩。坐落在平江路的钮家巷潘宅(凤池园)——潘宅是清代大学士潘世恩故居。潘世恩(1769-1854)清朝大臣。初名世辅,小字日麟,字槐堂,一作槐庭,号芝轩,晚号思补老人,室名有真意斋、思补堂、清颂堂。祖籍安徽歙县,后迁居江苏苏州。乾隆五十八年进士第一,状元。授修撰,嘉庆间历侍读、侍讲学士、户部尚书。道光间至英武殿大学士,充上书房总师傅,进太傅。为官五十余年,历事乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰四朝,被称为“四朝元老”,与堂兄潘世璜、孙潘祖荫合称为“苏州三杰”,著有《恩补斋集》。 2.3.1.1Pan Shi?en The Pan?s Residence(Fengchi Garden),which is located in the Niu?s Lane of Pingjiang,is the former residence of Pan Shi? en(Scholar of Qing Dynasty).He was one of chancellors of Qing Dynasty.His ancestral home was She county of An?hui Province,and then he moved to Suzhou.He was the No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in 58 year of Qian Long?s reign.His title were Serving Study,Literature Lecturer, Minister of Revenue in Jia Qing?s reign.He was promoted as Scholar of Yingwu Temple and worked as the general teacher of imperial offspring?s study,a power official successively.His career was as long as 5 decades and served for four courts of Qian Long,Jia Qing,Dao Guang,Xian Feng.As a result,he was regarded as the …Minister of Four Emperors?.He wrote …En? Bu Zhai Collected Works?.Moreover,his elder cousin,Pan Shihuang,Pan Zuyin and him were called …Three Standouts of Suzhou?. 2.3.1.2洪钧。洪钧状元府(林荫堂)位于悬桥巷27号,为洪钧出仕后所建。洪钧,