锦江集团不应开除地铁咸猪手-王其康

锦江集团不应开除地铁咸猪手-王其康 锦江集团不应开除地铁“咸猪手”-王其康 近日，王其康因在地铁9号线伸手触摸一女子腿部，被网络舆论炒向了极致，王其康本人也因此事件“成名”，并被开除党籍，被锦江集团依据企业规章解除劳动关系。本人认为，锦江集团依据企业规章解除与王其康的劳动合同于法无据。 在我国，企业的范畴较广，由企业章程、财务等一系列的规章制度组成。一般认为，劳动规章制度是用人单位依法律规定制定并在本单位实施的组织劳动和进行劳动管理的规则。 劳动规章制度的法律性质目前有契约说、法律规范说、集体合意说、根据二分说等。根据我国劳动法律规定，用人单位制定的劳动规章制度发生法律效力必须符合以下生效要件:制定主体合法、制定程序合法、内容合法、向劳动者公示。而在现行的法律框架下，法院对劳动规章制度的制定程序进行审查时，大多侧重于对劳动者程序性权利的审查。只要企业制定的劳动规章制度已经经过职工大会或职工代表大会讨论，并存在与工会或职工代表协商的过程，即为合法，至于劳动者或工会代表的意见是否被采纳则在所不问。 自2008年劳动合同法实施以来，以及一系列的司法解释颁布以来，企业大都加强了企业规章制度的制定，并逐步规范了规章的制定，尤其是一些大型企业、国有企业。虽然这些企业的规章制定在程序上满足了法律的要求，但是规章制度的内容是否合法，有待商榷。比如王其康案件的规章制度适用上是否合法就存在争议。 control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough 目前劳动合同的单方解除上，世界范围内有“解雇自由说”、“解雇权滥用说”以及“正当事由说”三种理论，从各国立法对单方解除合同的规定来看，明显体现着对劳动合同双方当事人地位的横平，大多数国家限制甚至抛弃用人单位“自由解雇”的理念，所以，目前的通说是大陆法系的“正当事由说”。我国法律也是采用了这种观点，严格来说，采取的是限制条件更为严格的“法定事由说”。 一、我国法律对用人单位单方解雇的规定 1、《劳动法》25条: 第二十五条 劳动者有下列情形之一的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同: (一)在试用期间被证明不符合录用条件的; (二)严重违反劳动纪律或者用人单位规章制度的; (三)严重失职，营私舞弊，对用人单位利益造成重大损害的; (四)被依法追究刑事责任的。 2、《劳动合同法》39条:第三十九条 劳动者有下列情形之一的，用人单位可以解除劳动合同: (一)在试用期间被证明不符合录用条件的; (二)严重违反用人单位的规章制度的; (三)严重失职，营私舞弊，给用人单位造成重大损害的; control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough (四)劳动者同时与其他用人单位建立劳动关系，对完成本单位的工作任务造成严重影响，或者经用人单位提出，拒不改正的; (五)因本法第二十六条第一款第一项规定的情形致使劳动合同无效的; (六)被依法追究刑事责任的。 3、《劳动合同法实施条例》19条:第十九条 有下列情形之一的，依照劳动合同法规定的条件、程序，用人单位可以与劳动者解除固定期限劳动合同、无固定期限劳动合同或者以完成一定工作任务为期限的劳动合同: (一)用人单位与劳动者协商一致的; (二)劳动者在试用期间被证明不符合录用条件的; (三)劳动者严重违反用人单位的规章制度的; (四)劳动者严重失职，营私舞弊，给用人单位造成重大损害的; (五)劳动者同时与其他用人单位建立劳动关系，对完成本单位的工作任务造成严重影响，或者经用人单位提出，拒不改正的; (六)劳动者以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危，使用人单位在违背真实意思的情况下订立或者变更劳动合同的; (七)劳动者被依法追究刑事责任的; (八)劳动者患病或者非因工负伤，在规定的医疗期满后不能从事原工作，也不能从事由用人单位另行安排的工作的; (九)劳动者不能胜任工作，经过培训或者调整工作岗位，仍不control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough 能胜任工作的; (十)劳动合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化，致使劳动合同无法履行，经用人单位与劳动者协商，未能就变更劳动合同内容达成协议的; (十一)用人单位依照企业破产法规定进行重整的; (十二)用人单位生产经营发生严重困难的; (十三)企业转产、重大技术革新或者经营方式调整，经变更劳动合同后，仍需裁减人员的; (十四)其他因劳动合同订立时所依据的客观经济情况发生重大变化，致使劳动合同无法履行的。 从以上规定看出，用人单位解除劳动合同的依据可以分为两个方面:一是企业与职工内部共同约定的规章制度。二是外部规定，即社会管理范畴的规定，包含社会治安管理规定以及刑事法律规定。治安管理制裁和刑事制裁属于一个序列的，都属于公安机关管辖，属于社会管理。法律明确规定，在职工达到刑事法律制裁的程序时，也即经过人民法院依法审判职工有罪的情况，企业才可以解除劳动关系。而本案中，王其康只是违反了治安管理的有关规定，被行政拘留，远未达到刑事处罚的程度。而且，王其康事件发生在企业地域之外，不在企业物理范围内，属于职工“私生活”空间，因此，企业不应因其违法了《治安管理条例》而解除劳动合同。 二、规章制度的合法性判断 那么，规章制度是否可以包罗万象，约定一切,这涉及到规章制control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough 度的合法性判断问题。本案中，锦江集团的规章制度是否可以约定职工违反法律法规的违法行为，虽未达到刑事，企业就可以解除劳动合同, 劳动部《关于对新开办用人单位实行劳动规章制度备案的通知》明文规定劳动规章制度的内容主要包括:劳动合同管理、工资管理、社会保险福利待遇、工时休假、职工奖惩，以及其他劳动管理规定等。在劳动合同法框架下，企业规章制度分为两大部分，一是劳动者利益攸关的部分，如劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、保险福利等，二是不属于劳动者切身利益相关的部分，如日常管理、生产工艺、环境卫生等方面的规章制度。应该提及的是，这些制度应严格限定在企业工作场所范围内以及员工职责范围内。在目前社会急速发展的今天，任何一个个人都有可能触犯社会管理方面的法律法规，内容不仅限于性骚扰方面，还有酒驾等诸多方面。因此，受到治安处罚，拘留或者罚款是比较常见的现象，不能因此而剥夺一个人的就业权利。 三、法院能否以诚实信用原则来审理该案, 在实践中，规章制度的合法性问题存在把握尺度方面的问题。就本案，锦江集团作为国有企业，我们假设锦江集团的规章制度在程序上已经满足了法律法规的要求，也符合国有企业一些特殊规章的要求，制度经过了锦江公司职代会的审查和通过。如果锦江公司的规章制度并没有就职工违法道德的违法行为进行约定，那么法院是否可以以诚实信用原则来支持锦江公司的辞退行为,实践中，也有些人认为完全control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough 可以依据诚实信用原则衍生的忠实义务来界定职工违反了忠实义务，以此达到辞退职工的目的。笔者以为不然。 上海市高级人民法院《关于适用<劳动合同法>若干问题的意见》规定:劳动合同的履行应当首要遵循依法、诚实信用的原则。我们看看诚实信用的含义。诚实信用原则是市场经济活动的一项基本道德准则，是现代法治社会的一项基本法律规则，同时也是我们贯彻党中央依法治国的基本原则，诚实信用原则是一种具有道德内涵的法律规范。具化到民法中，主要有以下体现:1、民事主体在民事活动中要诚实，不弄虚作假，不欺诈，进行正当竞争;2、民事主体应善意行使权利，不以损害他人和社会利益的方式来获取私利;3、民事主体应信守诺言，不擅自毁约，严格按法律规定和当事人的约定履行义务，兼顾各方利益;4、在当事人约定不明确或者订约后客观情形发生重大改变时，应依诚实信用的要求确定当事人的权利义务和责任。 《劳动合同法》第17条明确约定了劳动合同应当具备的条款。如果该案中，双方的劳动合同明确约定了违法道德的行为可以解除，同样应受到司法合法性的审查。如果没有明确约定，笔者认为也不应适用诚实信用原则来做扩张解释。诚实信用原则应更多地用于民商事交易活动，而不是用于对道德领域的审判。也不应以道德规范作为劳动合同履行的先决条件，譬如，在公交车上，不给老弱病残孕让座是否也应解除劳动合同尼, 四、严重违反规章制度的理解 control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough 先假设锦江集团的辞退行为程序上已经合法，包括通知工会、向被处罚员工进行告知等。而后，从法律规定来看，仅违反用人单位规章制度的行为不足以导致解除劳动合同，必须是达到“严重”的程度。实践中，人民法院对“严重违纪”的把握标准不同。如员工偷吃猕猴桃的行为，在食品加工公司和一般性的公司产生了不同的裁判结果。所以，客观地说，对于违反用人单位规章制度的行为是否严重的认定，更多地属于法官自由裁量权的范围，或许难以实现统一的操作标准，需要从违纪行为的性质、频率、影响、造成的损失等多方面加以判断，即便是同一个行为也可能得出不同的结论。一般来说，主要从三个方面考虑:一是国家法定条件，即法律法规规定和规范性文件规定的条件;二是制度规定条件，即规章制度规定的条件;三是书面约定条件，主要指劳动合同约定的条件。 结合本案，假设锦江集团的规章制度里已经约定，违反法律法规的违法行为(未达刑事标准)可以辞退，那么这种行为是否达到了法律规定的严重程度，还需交给司法来裁判，不能由企业说了算。王的行为存在一个社会认知的问题，其骚扰女青年的行为经过网络发酵，而且其行为涉及比较敏感的、吸引眼球的关乎“性”的道德问题，引起了广泛得社会关注，网络审判代替了法律的理性判断。可以说，在这个事件中，网络舆论起了主导作用，如果没有网络的介入，王的行为很大可能不会招致开除党籍、解除劳动合同。回归理性的判断，王的行为若说是严重违纪，恐难以令人信服。也有人认为，王的行为导致锦江集团商誉的下降和企业的损失，笔者也不敢苟同，企业的商誉control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough 不会因为一个人私生活的败坏而下降，没有充分的证据证明这种下降的程度，也没有充分的证据来证明这种因果关系，也没有充分的证据来证明锦江集团的损失，笔者认为毫无法律和事实依据。 五、劳动者的生存权和就业权应得到充分保证 国家明确保护劳动者的生存权和就业权，这种权利位阶应高于其他财产权利。如果因为王其康一个小小的骚扰举动，笔者没有否认他违反了道德，应受到道德的谴责和公安机关的行政治安处罚，但是不能因为他的这个轻微的违法，而剥夺他的就业权。企业开除其党籍，解除劳动关系，有处罚过重之嫌，应对其加强教育，通报批评都是可以接受的处罚措施，包括对其职务的调整都是应乎常理之举～可是，现在这样的处理结果，将使已经“臭名昭著”的他丧失应有的生存基础，他将处处碰壁，举步维艰，这违背了国家鼓励就业、促进就业的精神，也很难想象王将如何发泄他的愤恨来“回报”社会。 因此，从理性的角度而不是失控的网络舆情角度出发，笔者认为，锦江集团不应解除与王其康的劳动合同关系。 姚剑律师 2014年7月15日 control-----main control at construction stage construction program reasonable, installation compliance with the standards and specifications. Especially hidden project quality control, strict inspection and acceptance and make records in a timely manner. To strengthen management of civilized construction work. (4) use-phase quality control-----'s ultimate aim is to meet the requirements of project quality control. To this end, the quality of engineering after the delivery, must be prepared to return, warranty system and technical services archives work, improve the quality of technical service. (5) to achieve the goal of quality control it is necessary to seriously implement the quality assurance manual ... Pass. 2. main control position (1) procurement in operation is responsible for, a person shall not privately contact the supplier. IS09002 management procurement procedures according to company procedures. (2) duty personnel certificate holders, strict induction training certificates, untrained staff induction control. (3) serious, carefully drawing prepared, drawings before construction technology to give the low-down, technicians and construction workers should be reserved strictly embedded live, quality. (4) when installing the riser where you want to control the fixation and expansion joints, expansion joints according to the requirements, two fixed support should be given to a central location. (5) waterproof casing (especially underground pool of water pipe) take control of waterproof seam leakage, it tube embedded, packing enough