高中历史 Module 5 Great People and Great Invention of Ancient China教案 外研版必修3

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Teaching Aims 1. To make them know something about some great people and inventions in ancient China such as Confucius, Mencius, Mozi and their teaching thoughts. 2. Enable the students to learn how to express their own opinions and how to give reasons. 3. Enable Ss to express their opinions about philosophers. 4. Learn how to describe a famous person in ancient China. 5. Grasp the usage of defining attributive clause. Difficulties and Importance 1. Use the expressions of giving reasons freely. 2. Help the students understand the text exactly and retell the text in students’ own words. 3. Master the usage of attributive clause. Teaching Method 1. Task-based methodology 2. Communicative Approach Teaching Time Five periods: Period 1 vocabulary and speaking, Function Giving a definition Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary Period 3 Grammar 1 Defining attributive clauses Grammar 2 Defining attributive clauses: of whom, in which Everyday English Period 4 Listening and Vocabulary, Speaking Period 5 Cultural corner, Writing Teaching Procedures Period One Introduction, Function, Vocabulary and Speaking Step 1 Leading-in Ask Ss to answer the following questions to lead them to say sth about Chinese philosophers and inventions. 1) There are many great philosophers in ancient China. Can you say some? Confucius, Mencius and Mozi. 2) What is their life-long career? How much do you know about them and their teachings? They are private teachers. Open question. 3) Can you say something about the ideas of Confucius, Mencius and Mozi? 4) What are the four great inventions of China? Papermaking; printing; gunpowder and the compass. 5) Can you say the influence of the Chinese four great inventions? The Four Great Inventions are seen as a symbol of the brilliance(才智/智慧) of the Chinese people and Chinese ancient civilization. And they played an important role in the development of politics, economics and culture in ancient China and contributed significantly to the development of them. Besides, they exerted(发挥) a profound(深远的) impact on the development of the world’s civilization since they were spread to the western countries through all kinds of ways. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China held an important place in the history of human civilization. Step 2 Vocabulary 1) Ask Ss to read the words in Activity 1 on page 41 and make sure that they know the meanings. 2) Ask Ss to fill in the blanks in Activity 1 by using some of the words in the box. 3) Read the passage above again and answer the following questions. Q1. Which ancient philosophers were mentioned in the passage? Confucius, Mencius, and Mozi. Q2. What did they all believe in? They all believe in the importance of kindness and good government. Q3. In what way were Confucius’ ideas different from Mozi’s ideas? Mozi hated the idea of war and believed that strong people should look after weaker people. Step 3 Practice Read the following statements in Activity 2. Translate them into Chinese first and then tick the ideas that Confucius taught. 1. Man is born good. 人之初性本善(孟子) 2. All human beings are equal. 众生平等。(墨子) 3. The family is important. We are members of a group. 家庭重要，我们是群体的成员。家天下（孔子） 4. Treat others in the way you want to be treated. 己所欲，施于人。（孔子） What you don’t want done to yourself, don’t do to others. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 5. People are more important than rulers 民为贵，君为轻。（孟子） 6. We should love all human beings. 我们应爱所有的人。博/兼爱（墨子） Confucius idea: 3, 4. Step 4 Function Giving Reasons P45 1. Presentation: I am tired today because I didn't sleep well last night. The reason why I am tired today is that I didn't sleep well last night. 2. Explanation: How to give reasons? … because …; The reason why …is(was) that… 3. Practice 1. we remember the ancient philosophers because their ideas are important. 2. I bought the book because it is about philosophy. 3. Mencius resigned because the ruler was not following his advice. 4. Mozi hated the idea of war because he thought people should not kill each other. Suggested answers: 1. The reason why we remember the ancient philosophers is that their ideas are important. 2. The reason why I bought the book is that it is about philosophy. 3. The reason why Mencius resigned was that the ruler was not following his advice. 4. The reason why Mozi hated the idea of war was that he thought people shouldn’t kill each other. Step 5 Discussion 1. Choose two ideas in Step 4 that you agree with most. Write one or two sentences explaining why. 2. Say three things you know about Confucius. 3. Say what you know about Mencius and Mozi. Step 6 Homework 1. To get more information about great philosophers in ancient China from other resources. 2. Preview the content of the passage in reading and vocabulary. Period Two Reading and Vocabulary Step 1 Pre-reading Finish Activities 1 and 2 on P42. Q1. How do people usually measure a country’s achievement? life expectancy; education; income Q2. Why can “Education” measure a country’s achievement? It is very important factor for the development of a country not only at present but also in ancient time and in future. Q3. What have you known about Confucius, Mencius, and Mozi? open Q4. Can you translate the following sentences into Chinese? a. Where there are three men walking together, one of them is bound to be able to teach me something. b. What you do not want done to you, don’t do to others. 己所不欲，毋施于人。 三人行，必有我师焉。 c. To study and not think is a waste; to think and not study is dangerous. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Present some famous Confucius quotes, asking Ss to guess the meanings and who the sentences are from. 1. "Reviewing the day's lessons, isn't it joyful? Friends come from far, isn't it delightful? One has never been angry at other's misunderstanding, isn't he a respectable man?" 学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎? 人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？ 2. Among any three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided. 三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之. 3. Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。 Step 2 While-reading a. Skimming: Read the passage quickly and find the answer to the questions: Who are the three great persons that the writer is talking about? b. Scanning: Read the passage quickly and try to find the answers in Activity 3. c. Detailed-reading: Read the passage carefully; and fill the form with the proper information. name year of birth length of living background ideas influence Confucius 551 BC 72 1.states were at war with each other. 2.There are many great philosophers kindness, duty; order in society 1. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2000 years 2. The founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Mencius 372 BC 83 1. from poor family. 2. unusual clothes and behavior. kindness; people were more important The book of Mencius Mozi 476 BC 86 1. his father died. 2. brought up by his mother. 3. an important position in the government. men were equal; love for the weak 1.Every influential. 2.Found the philosophy called Mohism Step 3 Post-reading Ex1. Read the passage again, and then decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Confucius lived in a country where there was no war a long time ago. 2. Confucius was a philosopher whose influence has been the greatest for more than 2000 years. 3. Mencius was a student taught by Confucius. 4. Some rulers followed the advice which was given by Mencius. 5. Mozi was a man who lived an unusual life. Suggested answers: 1,3, 4, F 2, 5, T Ex2. Reading comprehension 1. Whose influence has been the greatest among all the philosophers of ancient China? A. Mencius B. Mozi C. Confucius D. Zhuangzi 2. Confucius stressed the importance of the following aspects except__________ A. Kindness B. friendship C. order D. duty 3. Which is NOT the right statement about Mozi? A. He was known for his unusual clothes and behavior. B. He hated the idea of war. C. All his beliefs were the same as Confucius. D. He believed all men were equal. 4. “If the government was kind, then people would be good.” is the teaching of _________. A. Mencius B.Confucius C. Mozi D. Xunzi 5. Which belief by Mozi was similar to that of Confucius? A. We should love all human beings. B. The government shouldn’t treat people badly. C. We should look after those who are weaker than ourselves. D. The government was most important. 6. What’s main idea of the passage? A. The author wants to make people believe in the teachings by thinkers of ancient. B. The author wants to introduce three influential philosophers of ancient China. C. The author wants to tell interesting stories about three important teachers in ancient China. D. The author wants to show the history of philosophy in ancient China. 7. Which shows the right order of time when the three great thinkers lived? A. Confucius--- Mencius ---Mozi B.Mencius----Mozi----Confucius C. Confucius---Mozi---Mencius D.Mozi--- Mencius---Confucius 8. From the text we can infer that ___________ A. Only in time of war could philosophers produce great teaching. B. It was not easy to find a state where people would follow the thinker's teaching. C. Great philosophers must have been born in poor families. D. Influential philosophers wouldn’t agree with each other. Step 4 Language Explanations 1、Confucius’s teachings influenced society for more than 2,000 years. 孔子学说影响了中国社会两千多年。 influence：动词，意 “对…有影响”。如：My teacher influenced my decision to study art. 2、He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. 强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性 ***stress：动词，此处意为“强调，着重”，相当于emphasize。如： He stressed the point that we should be punctual. stress作名词，有“压力；强调”之意。如： under the stress of 在……的压力下； place / put / lay stress on 重视，强调。如： The boy stole the bread under the stress of huger. Our English teacher put particular stress on the important of reading English aloud. ***order：名词，此处意为“秩序，次序”。 常见的搭配有：in order 按顺序，整齐；out of order 不整齐，状态混乱。如： Since the war broke out, the whole society was totally out of order. order还可意为“命令；点（菜等）；定货”，可作名词或动词。如： It’s time we ordered dinner. May I have your order, please? 3、Mozi founded the philosophy called mohism. 墨子创立了墨家哲学 (Page 43) found：动词，此处意为“创立”。如：The rich man founded a school for poor children in his hometown. 拓展: 1.found on/upon 意“把…建在…上；基于…”，常用被动语态。 This story isn’t founded on fact at all. 2.found的名词形式为foundation，意为“地基；基础”。 lay the foundations of a building 给建筑物奠基。 4、His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. (Page 43) bring up：此处意为“抚养、养育”。如： The old man has brought up three children. The boy was brought up by his aunt. 5、It was also a time when there were many great philosophers. (Page 43) a time：此处意为“一个时期，一段时间”。如： It’s a time since I saw you last. time常见的搭配还有： 1. at a time 每次，一次。常用于“数词＋at a time”的场合。如： He spoke two hours at a time. 2. at one time 过去某个时候，曾经。如： At one time I used to go swimming every Sunday. 3. at the same time 同时，一齐。如： Can a man both read and write at the same time? 6、Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. (Page43) at war：意为“处于战争状态中”， be at war with意为“与…处于战争状态中”，而at /in peace则是“处于和平状态，相安无事”的意思。如： The two countries are always at war with each other these years. We hope all the countries in the world will be at peace forever. 7、Mengzi was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of Confucius. be similar to ：“和……相似”的意思，“在……方面相似”用be similar in。如： Shenzhen is similar to Hongkong in many ways. Gold is similar in color to brass. 拓展： be the same as与……相同； be different from与……不同。如： His appearance is quite different from his elder brother. I’ll get the same bicycle as I had before. Step 5 Discussion Q1. What kind of conclusion can you draw after learning the philosophers of Ancient China? They all believed in the importance of kindness and good government. They were all teachers, thinkers and philosophies. Mozi hated the idea of war. Q2. What should you do after knowing something about three great philosophers and their thoughts? Treasure them and learn from these ideas; develop the Chinese traditional virtues-- to respect teachers and elders. Step 6 Homework Read the passage several times to get more familiar with the information in it. Write a biography of famous person in ancient China. Period Three Grammar Step 1 Presentation (Defining attributive clauses) 导学P60 He is an English teacher who likes fishing. 先行词 引导词 定语从句 Step 2 Explanations 概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 (1) who, whom, that。这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。如： He is the right actor I want to find for my film. (2) whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。 若指物时，它可以同of which互换，互换时为：n + of which。如： Please pass me the book whose cover is torn. Please pass me the book the cover of which is torn. (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Italy is a famous city which has a lot of great buildings. 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，如：when, where, why，在从句中作状语。 关系副词的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构。如： Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 3. 判断关系代词与关系副词 (1) 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面要求用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词作状语。如： This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. (对) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (错) I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. (对) (2) 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 [例1] Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 分析：正确选项为D。该句变为肯定句为：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 该句所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既作了主句的语，又可作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 [例2] Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. the one 分析：正确选项为A。该句变为肯定句为：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 该句中主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，也可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。如果C项中的which前面加in，也是正确选项。 Step 3 Practices Ex1. Join the following two sentences into one using attributive clause. 1 The woman is a teacher. The woman lives next door. Which woman is a teacher? The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 2. The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. The boys who/that are playing basketball are from Grade One. The boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball. 3. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind. Ex2. Fill in the blanks with proper words. 1. He married a poor girl who made his parents angry. 2. He married a poor girl, which made his parents angry. 3. He said nothing that made his father angry. 4. He said nothing, which made his father angry. 5. She has a son who is a doctor. 6. She has a son, who is a doctor. 7. She lives in a house, whose windows face south. 8. This is the car for which I paid 100$. 9. This is the car on which I spent 100$. 10. This is the car in which I go to work every day. 11. This is the car without which I can’t go to work. 12. This is the car by which the old man was knocked down 13. This is the car at which a boy threw a stone. 14. This is the car about which we talked . 15. This is the car of which the window was broken 16. This is the car / which I bought last year. Step 4 Everyday English Use these expressions to complete the conversations. If so They say(that)… For the first time ever Tell the time to give an example 1. A: _______you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor. B: _______, then my friend Peter Ling is a bit mad. He’s an inventor. He’s just invented a clock that not only _______, but also plays a song to wake you up! 2. A. The Chinese are very clever people. ________, they’re much better at maths than most westerners. B. I agree. A Chinese friend of mine explained a difficult maths problem to me, and ______I understood. Step 5 Homework 1. Review the grammar points we have learned. 2. Finish the exercises 1,2,3 on page 91. Period Four Step 1 Pre-listening Discuss the following questions with your partner. Q1. Have you ever heard the great four inventions of ancient China? Q2. What are they? Q3. Can you speak out some names of great inventors in the world? Suggested answers: Q2; compass paper making powder printing Step 2 While-listening Listen to the passage in which five important inventions are described. Match the dates with the inventions. Invention Date of invention 1. silk 3200BC 2. clock 1092 AD 3. paper 105 AD 4. printing 868 AD 5. toothbrush 1498 AD Step 3 Post-listening Fill in the blanks with proper words according to what you hear. China has given the world many important inventions. To give an example, it is the country in which silk was first invented. Silk was made there as long ago as 3200 BC. Chinese farmers grew mulberry leaves because they knew that a certain kind of caterpillar ate them. The Chinese did not tell other countries how silk was made and other countries paid a lot for this soft, strong material. Su Song was an eleventh century monk about whom very little is known. However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock . For the first time ever, it became possible to tell the time. In the 1950s a copy was built and this copy can be seen today in Beijing. They say that a man called Cai Lun made paper from the bark of a tree in about 105 AD. If so, he is a man of whom China can be proud. Paper was a very important invention because it was cheap and people could afford to buy it. Before that time, writers had used expensive materials such as silk. The invention was immediately successful . However, paper did not spread to other countries for another 500 years. Printing was invented in China as early as 868 AD. The book in which printing first appeared was called The Diamond Sutra. With printing, it became possible to produce many copies at the same time. In 1041 AD, a chemist called Bi Sheng invented a type of print that could move. It was not until 1454 that the first book was printed in Europe . The first time that we hear of a real toothbrush is in a Chinese book of 1498 AD. This toothbrush could clean teeth quickly and well. The toothbrush only reached Europe in the seventeenth century, when it quickly became very popular. Step 4 Speaking 1. Read the following passage about great inventions and then discuss the following questions. Great Inventions伟大发明 There have been many great inventions, things that changed the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today—the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that, there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800's the world started to change. There was little unknown land in the world people did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life better. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today. The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions: the helicopter in 1909;moves with sound in 1926;the computer in 1928;and jet planes in 1930.This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nyloh came out in 1935.It changed the kind of clothes people had been wearing. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. By the 1960's most people could expect to live at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step .Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning thought. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never dreamed of. Q1. Think of three 20th inventions to do with travel Q2. Think of three 20th inventions to do with food and cooking Q3. Which of the invention do you think would be more useful? Why? Q4. Is there anything you would like to invent? If so, what and why? Q5. Compare the inventions you have listed. Discuss the importance of each invention. Example: I think fridges are more important than cans because fridges can keep meat fresh. Step 5 Homework 1. Finish the exercises 10-14 on page 94-95. 2. Preview the content of Cultural Corner. Period Five Cultural Corner Step 1 Pre-reading Look at the photos on page 49. And answer the following questions. Q1. What can you see in the picture? A train. Q2. What was the main energy source of it? the steam engine. Q3. Who was the person to invent it? James Watt Q4. What do you know about the Industrial Revolution? open Q5. Where did it start first? Europe. Step 2 While-reading Read the passage carefully, and then answer the following questions. Q1. When did the Industrial Revolution start? in the second half of the 18th century. Q2. Before that, what kind of society does Europe belong to? a farming society Q3. What kind of phenomenon appeared first? factories appeared and mass production became possible Q4. Why did thousands of people leave the countryside to work in the city? in order to survive and live a better life Q5. How did it spread in the world? through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan Step 3 Post-reading Read the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Industrial Revolution started in the early 18th century in Europe. 2. The reason of Industrial Revolution was the increasing of the population of towns and cities. 3. Steam engine was invented in 1769 by James Watt. 4. The steam engine was used on the railways first. 5. During the period of Industrial Revolution, land owners are more powerful than factory owners. 6. From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread very fast. Suggested answers: 1. 2. 4. 5 F 3. 6 T Step 4 Guided writing Topic: Writing about a famous person from ancient China a. Think of someone you would like to write about and make some notes about him/her. b. Using the words and expressions we have learned in this module. c. Write two or three paragraphs about this person. Step 5 Homework 1. Go over the key points of this module. 2. Finish the other exercises in this module. 1,3,5 1,3,5