英语写作-(Definition)PPT课件

英语写作2014.3.18-19（第二章第二讲）DefinitionWritingprocedures1.ChoosingaDefinitionChoosingadefinitionisakeystepinwritingadefinitionessay.Also,it'simportanttolimityourtermbeforeyoustartdefiningit.2.GatheringtheinformationaboutthetermDecidewhattypeofdetailsandexamplesthatyouwanttoincludeinyourdefinitionessay.3.DevelopingaThesisStatement(论题/论文观点陈述)Athesisstatementisusuallyfoundattheendofthefirstparagraphofanessayorsimilardocument,summarizesthemainpointsandargumentsoftheauthor.Thefunctionofathesisstatementistointroducethereadertothepurposeofthedocumentandoutlinethemajortopicsthatwillbecoveredtoachievethatpurpose.4.WritinganIntroductionStatethetermyouaregoingtodefine.TheneitherdefineityourselforuseadictionarydefinitionInyourthesisstatement,restatethetermandtellhowyouaregoingtodefine.5.UsingEtymologies([ˌetəˈmɔlədʒi:z]词源说明)e.g.hijack1923,Amer.Eng.,fromhigh(way)+jacker"onewhoholdsup."Originally"torob(abootlegger,smuggler,etc.)intransit;"senseof"seizinganaircraftinflight"is1968(alsoin1961variantskyjack),extended1970stoanyformofpublictransportation.-------OnlineEtymologyDictionary,©2010DouglasHarper6.OrganizingtheEssaythatDefinesaConceptpresentthedenotative(外延的)definitionintheintroductionofthepapera)Thethesisofadefinitionessayiscomposedofthedenotativedefinitionandthemostbasicfeaturesdevelopthebodyofyourpaperbya)givingexamples,b)illustratingitsdistinguishingfeaturesc)Classifyingd)Negationbyexplainingwhatyourtopicisnotorwhatthetermdoesnotmean.Thisdistinctioncansometimesclarifyadefinitionandhelpareadertobetterunderstandit.e)explainingwhatsomethingdoesorhowsomethingworksbyfunctions.f)analysis,bycomparingthetermtoothermembersofitsclassandthenillustratingthedifferences,structure,tellinghowsomethingisorganizedorputtogether7.EndthedefinitionessaybyrestatingthekeydistinguishingfeaturesWhatisthedifferencebetweenDenotationandConnotation?Denotativedefinitionsarefrequentlyreferredtoas“dictionarydefinitions”,ortheliteralmeaningofaconcept.Connotationisanideaorthingimpliedbyorassociatedwithawordorthing.Agooddefinitionmeetsfourcriteria:1.Thedefinitionprovidesthecorrectgeneralcategoryofthetarget,beingneithertoolargenortoosmall.2.Thedefinitionprovidesthecorrectdistinguishingfeatureorfeaturesthataccuratelydescribetheuniquecharacteristicsofthetarget.3.Thedefinitiondoesnotuseanexampleasanexplanation.4.Thedefinitionisnotcircular,thatis,itdoesnotexplainthewordwithanotherformofthesameword.Thefollowingaregoodexamples:Ahybridistheoffspringproducedbycrossingintoanimalsorplantsofdifferentvarieties.Thewhaleisalargemarinemammaloftheorderofcetacean([sɪˈteɪʃn]鲸目动物)whichhasafishlikebody,forelimbsmodifiedintoflippers,andahorizontallyflattenedhead.Identifytheproblemsineachcase:Televisionisasourceofinformation.Acalculatorisadevice,usuallysmallerthanacomputer,thatisusedtocalculate.Alectureisapersonwholectures.Adegreeisgivenbyuniversitytoastudentwhohaspassedtheappropriateexaminations.Readtheassignmentsofp46andthendiscussthequestions1),2）3）Bye-bye!