2013年-2017年CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题与答案

CATTI英语三级笔译实务真题与附送备考经验【2013年-2017年】目录一次性通过CATTI三级和二级备考经验 22017.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 72017.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 102016.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 122016.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 142015.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 162015.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 182014.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 202014.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 222013.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 252013.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案 27一次性通过CATTI三级和二级备考经验其实写下经验贴几个字有点忐忑，谈不上经验，就整理一下我这一学年的翻译之路吧，就算给自己做一个阶段~学习情况：大一过四六级，专四优秀（80），去年11月过三笔，今年5月过二笔。考试感想：综合：可以看出我两次综合成绩都不高，大部分人都会上70,80＋的也大有人在，所以我这个综合可以说是非常差了。这里总结教训就是三个字：背单词！！！我之前是个不爱背单词的人，一般都凭着平时多看，然后看熟了自然就记住了，这种方法应对高考还有四六级什么的问题都不大，但是去年底考三笔的时候，我看着综合卷子真的欲哭无泪，选择题有几道中四个选项我一个都不认识，或者是眼熟但是搞不清意思，这就跟不认识是一样的。所以去年底考完三笔我痛下决心，当天晚上就开始背单词。背单词这事我是真的不喜欢，所以没有买单词，因为我知道我买了肯定也不看，所以就下了APP背单词。我曾经用过 拓词，感觉界面很简洁，非常不错，后来开始用 百词斩，算是比较有特色的APP，也还不错。其实用哪一款软件并不重要，重要的是坚持，不管是软件也好，单词书也好，必须坚持下去，否则都是白搭。我每天都是睡前躺在床上，开始打开APP背单词，这样坚持下来睡眠都好了（因为一背单词就打瞌睡……）范围就是 专四专八GRE，背完一遍就再来一遍，每天不求背多少，背五分钟也行，背一小时也行，只要能坚持就可以。我一般是20分钟-30分钟，如果很困就会少背一点，不太累就多背一点，但是每天必须有这个步骤。到了二笔时单词盲的情况依旧没有改善多少，但是相比三笔四个选项都跪了的情况还是好了一点的，如果没有三笔到二笔这半年时间的背单词，我二笔综合肯定要挂了_(:зゝ∠)_所以坚持背单词呀！实务：三笔实务就是一篇英译汉一篇汉译英，三个小时，时间非常充分，所以完全不用紧张。我考三笔时基本上才刚刚练习翻译一个多月，考前几天觉得肯定过不了，但是想着报名都报了，不去也可惜，所以就还是鼓起勇气去考了。我比较擅长英译汉，而且对偏文学的话题也比较喜欢，翻的时候感觉很顺畅，最起码自己不别扭。但是汉译英真的是难如登天，我感觉自己是一个单词一个单词堆砌起来的，别说英语的美感了，连语法都不知道错了多少。当时真的是一边写一边觉得对不起评卷老师。所以结果出来还比较惊讶的，我觉得大概是英译汉弥补了很多汉译英的不足。二笔实务两篇英译汉两篇汉译英，题量虽然翻倍但时间却依然够用。我记得当时还剩十五分钟左右时，考场里大部分人都写完了，所以依旧不用担心时间问题，只要不耽搁太长时间，正常做题时间应该是够的。感受依旧如前，还是汉译英苦手┑(￣Д￣)┍知道通过以后真的非常意外，而且感觉很心虚，觉得自己根本没有达到那种水平，还是要继续努力才行啊。关于翻译练习：翻译是讲究技巧的，如果什么都没学过，直接上来就拿着文章练习，可能会走很多弯路，也看不出自己的翻译究竟是好是坏。上面这两本书都有详细讲解到翻译的一些技巧，一定要认真看，每一个例子，每一个习题都要自己动笔写，然后对比参考答案找不足。翻译最好每天坚持，还是跟背单词一样，不管每天练习是多是少，只要坚持就好，量变总会积累成质变的。每天做完练习，一定要总结，找一个专门的本子，先整理出今天掌握的翻译技巧，还可以写一写今天翻译的感悟，然后再积累一些新鲜的表达，一定要有这个整合和思考的过程。以上两本书读完以后，我觉得基本上翻译的技巧应该就掌握了，接下来就可以自由练习啦。练习内容就太多了，三笔二笔教材的文章，外刊，政府工作报告等等，甚至可以随便翻一些自己喜欢的东西，因为我是崇尚兴趣学习法的，如果在应考过程中对翻译产生了厌倦就不好了，可以适当做一些自己喜欢的翻译来保持兴趣。总之练习就是后话了，主要是要抓住正确的方法，这样练习才不会是白白浪费时间。一不小心话痨了太多，也没什么特别有用的干货，就当是方法分享吧，如果能对看到这里的人有一点点帮助~封面图上这句话是我非常喜欢的英国演员ColinMorgan说过的，“Youcandoitifit’sinyourheart.”如果你真的想做一件事，那就大胆去做，不管有多少困难都要努力克服，坚持不放弃，相信一定可以成功的~祝大家都能梦想成真！2017.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案EC英译汉http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicatorsItwasjustonewordinoneemail,butittriggeredhugefinanciallossesforamultinationalcompany.Themessage,writteninEnglish,wassentbyanativespeakertoacolleagueforwhomEnglishwasasecondlanguage.Unsureoftheword,therecipientfoundtwocontradictorymeaningsinhisdictionary.Heactedonthewrongone.Monthslater,seniormanagementinvestigatedwhytheprojecthadflopped,costinghundredsofthousandsofdollars.“Italltracedbacktothisoneword,”saysChiaSuanChong,aUK-basedcommunicationsskillsandinterculturaltrainer,whodidn’trevealthetrickywordbecauseitishighlyindustry-specificandpossiblyidentifiable.“Thingsspiralledoutofcontrolbecausebothpartieswerethinkingtheopposite.”Whensuchmisunderstandingshappen,it’susuallythenativespeakerswhoaretoblame.Ironically,theyareworseatdeliveringtheirmessagethanpeoplewhospeakEnglishasasecondorthirdlanguage,accordingtoChong.AlotofnativespeakersarehappythatEnglishhasbecometheworld’sgloballanguage.Theyfeeltheydon’thavetospendtimelearninganotherlanguage,”saysChong.Thenon-nativespeakers,itturnsout,speakmorepurposefullyandcarefully,typicalofsomeonespeakingasecondorthirdlanguage.Anglophones,ontheotherhand,oftentalktoofastforotherstofollow,andusejokes,slangandreferencesspecifictotheirownculture,saysChong.“ThenativeEnglishspeaker…istheonlyonewhomightnotfeeltheneedtoaccommodateoradapttotheothers,”sheadds.Withnon-nativeEnglishspeakersinthemajorityworldwide,it’sAnglophoneswhomayneedtouptheirgame.“Nativespeakersareatadisadvantagewhenyouareinalinguafrancasituation,”whereEnglishisbeingusedasacommondenominator,saysJenniferJenkins,professorofglobalEnglishesattheUK’sUniversityofSouthampton.“It’sthenativeEnglishspeakersthatarehavingdifficultyunderstandingandmakingthemselvesunderstood.”Non-nativespeakersgenerallyusemorelimitedvocabularyandsimplerexpressions,withoutflowerylanguageorslang.Andthenthere’sculturalstyle,Blattnersays.WhenaBritreactstoaproposalbysaying,“That’sinteresting”afellowBritmightrecognisethisasunderstatementfor,“That’srubbish.”Butothernationalitieswouldtaketheword“interesting”onfacevalue,hesays.“EnglishspeakerswithnootherlanguageoftenhavealackofawarenessofhowtospeakEnglishinternationally.”InBerlin,CoultersawGermanstaffofaFortune500companybeingbriefedfromtheirCalifornianHQviavideolink.DespitebeingcompetentinEnglish,theGermansgleanedonlythegistofwhattheirAmericanprojectleadersaid.Soamongthemselvestheycameupwithanagreedversion,whichmightormightnothavebeenwhatwasintendedbytheCaliforniastaff.“Toomanynon-Anglophones,especiallytheAsiansandtheFrench,aretooconcernedaboutnot‘losingface’—andnodapprovinglywhilenotgettingthemessageatall,”hesays.That’swhyNerrieredevisedGlobish—adistilledformofEnglish,strippeddownto1,500wordsandsimplebutstandardgrammar.“It’snotalanguage,it’satool,”hesays.SincelaunchingGlobishin2004he’ssoldmorethan200,000Globishtextbooksin18languages.“Ifyoucancommunicateefficientlywithlimited,simplelanguageyousavetime,avoidmisinterpretationandyoudon’thaveerrorsincommunication,”Nerrieresays.WhentryingtocommunicateinEnglishwithagroupofpeoplewithvaryinglevelsoffluency,it’simportanttobereceptiveandadaptable,tuningyourearsintoawholerangeofdifferentwaysofusingEnglish,Jenkinssays.“Peoplewho’velearnedotherlanguagesaregoodatdoingthat,butnativespeakersofEnglishgenerallyaremonolingualandnotverygoodattuningintolanguagevariation,”shesays.Inmeetings,Anglophonestendtospeedalongatwhattheyconsideranormalpace,andalsorushtofillgapsinconversation,accordingtoSteggles.Herecommendsmakingthesamepointinacoupleofdifferentwaysandaskingforsomeacknowledgement,reactionoraction.C-E汉译英气候变化已不是单纯的环境保护问题，而成为人类生存与发展问题。中国需要改变以煤为主的能源结构和高污染、高能耗的产业结构，以治理环境和应对全球气候变化。同时，积极应对气候变化也是中国参与全球治理的责任，也是实现可持续发展的迫切需要。中国作为世界最大的发展中国家，需要积极推动经济与能源的转型，以推动全球可持续发展。长期以来，中国高度重视气候变化问题，把积极应对气候变化作为国家经济社会发展的重大战略，把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的重要内容，采取了一系列行动，为应对全球气候变化做出了重要贡献。到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，非化石能源占一次能源消费总量的比重达到15%，森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，森林蓄积量2005年增加13亿立方米。中国还将在农业、林业、水资源等重点领域和城市、沿海、生态脆弱地区形成有效抵御气候变化风险的机制，提高抵抗能力。2017.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案AllLucianoFaggianowantedwhenhepurchasedtheseeminglyunremarkablebuildingat56ViaAscanioGrandi,wastoopenarestaurant.Theonlyproblemwasthetoilet.Sewagekeptbackingup.SoMr.Faggianoenlistedhistwooldersonstohelphimdigatrenchandinvestigate.Hepredictedthejobwouldtakeaboutaweek.“Wefoundundergroundcorridorsandotherrooms,sowekeptdigging,”saidMr.Faggiano,60.Hissearchforasewagepipe,whichbeganin2000,becameonefamily’staleofdiscovery.LeccewasonceacriticalcrossroadsintheMediterranean.SeveroMartini,amemberoftheCityCouncil,saidarchaeologicalrelicsturnuponaregularbasis—andcanpresentaheadacheforurbanplanning.AprojecttobuildashoppingmallhadtoberedesignedafterthediscoveryofanancientRomantemplebeneaththesiteofaplannedparkinglot.Oneweekquicklypassed,asfatherandsonsdiscoveredatomboftheMessapians,wholivedintheregioncenturiesbeforethebirthofJesus.Soon,thefamilydiscoveredachamberusedtostoregrainbytheancientRomans.Ifthishistoryonlylaterbecameclear,whatwasimmediatelyobviouswasthatfindingthepipewouldbeamuchbiggerprojectthanMr.Faggianohadanticipated.Hedidnotinitiallytellhiswifeabouttheextentofthework.Hetiedaropearoundthechestofhisyoungestson,Davide,then12,andloweredhimtodiginsmall,darkenedopenings.“Imadesuretotellhimnottotellhismama,”hesaid.Hiswife,AnnaMariaSanò,soonbecamesuspicious.“Wehadallthesedirtyclothes,everyday,”shesaid.“Ididn’tunderstandwhatwasgoingon.”AfterwatchingtheFaggianomenhaulawaydebrisinthebackseatofthefamilycar,neighborsalsobecamesuspiciousandnotifiedtheauthorities.Investigatorsarrivedandshutdowntheexcavations,warningMr.Faggianoagainstoperatinganunapprovedarchaeologicalworksite.Mr.Faggianorespondedthathewasjustlookingforasewagepipe.Ayearpassed.Finally,Mr.Faggianowasallowedtoresumehispursuitofthesewagepipeonconditionthatheritageofficialsobservedthework.Anundergroundtreasurehouseemerged,asthefamilyuncoveredancientvases,Romandevotionalbottles,anancientringwithChristiansymbols,medievalartifacts,hiddenfrescoesandmore.Today,thebuildingisMuseumFaggiano,anindependentarchaeologicalmuseumauthorizedbytheLeccegovernment.Mr.Faggianoisnowsatisfiedwithhismuseum,buthehasnotforgottenabouttherestaurant.Afewyearsintohisexcavation,hefinallyfoundhissewagepipe.Itwas,indeed,broken.Hehassinceboughtanotherbuildingandisagainplanningforarestaurant,assumingitdoesnotneedanyrenovations.“Istillwantit,”hesaidoftherestaurant.“I’mverystubborn.”本研究院成立于1968年2月20日。隶属中国航天科技集团公司。经过40年的发展，已成为中国主要的空间技术及产品研制基地，是中国空间事业最具实力的骨干力量。主要从事空间技术开发，航天器研制，空间领域对外技术交流和合作，航天技术应用等服务。还参与制定国家空间技术发展规划，研究有关探索、开发、利用外层空间的技术途径，承接用户需求的各类航天器和地面应用设备的研制业务并提供相应的服务。本研究院下设研究机构，卫星制造厂等，拥有一家上市公司和多家全资子公司，建立了多个国家重点实验室和一家以研究生培养，员工培训，客户培训为中心任务的学院，形成了七个产业基地，拥有空间飞行器总体设计，分系统研制生产，卫星总装测试，环境试验，地面设备制造及卫星应用，服务保障等配套完整的研制生产体系。本研究院拥有员工一万余人，其中包括8名两院院士，12名国家级突出贡献专家和1700多名高级专业技术人才。本研究院已与10多个国家和地区的宇航公司及空间研究机构建立了广泛联系。2016.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.HarperLeewasanordinarywomanasstunnedasanybodybytheextraordinarysuccessof“ToKillaMockingbird.”“Itwaslikebeinghitovertheheadandknockedcold,”Lee—whodiedFridayatage89，saidduringa1964interview.“Ididn’texpectthebooktosellinthefirstplace.IwashopingforaquickandmercifuldeathatthehandsofreviewersbutatthesametimeIsortofhopedthatmaybesomeonewouldlikeitenoughtogivemeencouragement.”“ToKillaMockingbird”maynotbetheGreatAmericanNovel.Butit’slikelythemostuniversallyknownworkoffictionbyanAmericanauthoroverthepast70years,Leewascitedforhersubtle,gracefulstyleandgiftforexplainingtheworldthroughachild’seye,butthesecrettothenovel’songoingappealwasalsoinhowmanybooksthissinglebookcontained.“ToKillaMockingbird”wasacoming-of-agestory,acourtroomthriller,aSouthernnovel,aperiodpiece,adramaaboutclass,and—ofcourse—adramaofrace.”AllIwanttobeistheJaneAustenofSouthAlabama,”sheonceobserved.ThestoryofLeeisessentiallythestoryofherbook,andhowsherespondedtoit.Shewasawarm,vibrantandwittywomanwhoplayedgolf,fished,ateatMcDonald’s,fedducksbytossingseedcornoutofaCoolWhiptub,readvoraciously,andgotabouttoplaysandconcerts.Shejustdidn’twanttotalkaboutitbeforeanaudience.“ToKillaMockingbird”wasaninstantandongoinghit,publishedin1960,asthecivilrightsmovementwasaccelerating.It’sthestoryofagirlnicknamedScoutgrowingupinaDepression-eraSoutherntown.Ablackmanhasbeenwronglyaccusedofrapingawhitewoman,andScout’sfather,theresolutelawyer,defendshimdespitethreatsandthescornofmany.PraisedbyTheNewYorkeras“skilled,unpretentious,andtotallyingenious,”thebookwonthePulitzerPrizeandwasmadeintoamemorablemoviein1962.“Mockingbird”inspiredagenerationofyounglawyersandsocialworkers,wasassignedinhighschoolsalloverthecountryandwasapopularchoiceforcitywide,ornationwide,readingprograms,althoughitwasalsooccasionallyremovedfromshelvesforitsracialcontentandreferencestorape.By2015,salestopped40millioncopies.WhentheLibraryofCongressdidasurveyin1991onbooksthathaveaffectedpeople’slives,“ToKillaMockingbird”wassecondonlytotheBible.Leeherselfbecamemoreelusivetothepublicasherbookbecamemorefamous.Atfirst,shedutifullypromotedherwork.Shespokefrequentlytothepress,wroteaboutherselfandgavespeeches,oncetoaclassofcadetsatWestPoint.Butshebegandeclininginterviewsinthemid-1960sand,untillateinherlife,firmlyavoidedmakinganypubliccommentabouthernovelorhercareer.Hernovel,whilehugelypopular,wasnotrankedbymanyscholarsinthesamecategoryastheworkofotherSouthernauthorsDecadesafteritspublication,littlewaswrittenaboutitinscholarlyjournals.Somecriticshavecalledthebooknaiveandsentimental,whetherdismissingtheKuKluxKlanasaminornuisanceoradvocatingchangethroughpersonalpersuasionratherthancollectiveaction.Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.本公司是一家大型国有房地产上市公司，国家一级房地产开发资质企业，连续五年荣膺中国房地产行业领导公司品牌。2006年7月，公司股票在上海证券交易所上市，截止至2014年底，公司总资产突破3600亿元，实现签约金额1366.76亿元。本公司成立于1992年，经过十年扎实发展，2002年成功完成股份制改造，遂开始实施全国化战略，加强专业化运作，连续实现跨越式发展。目前，公司已完成以广州、北京、上海为中心，覆盖57个城市的全国化战略布局，拥有292家控股子公司，业务拓展到房地产开发、建筑设计、工程施工、物业管理、销售代理以及商业会展、酒店经营等相关行业。本公司坚持以四大产品为主，适度发展持有经营性物业。在住宅开发方面，逐渐形成了四大产品系列，多元化优质住宅物业的先进创新格局，覆盖中高端住宅、公寓、别墅多种物业形态。商业物业囊括商业写字楼、高端休闲地产、星级酒店、商贸会展、购物中心、城市综合体等，具备多品类物业综合开发的实力。2016.5CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.OldpeopleinWidouThiengolysaytheycanrememberwhenthereweresomanytreesthatyoucouldn’tseethesky.Now,milesofreddish-brownsandsurroundthisvillageinnorthwesternSenegal,dottedwithoccasionalbushesandtrees.Driedanimaldungisscatteredeverywhere,buthardlyanydriedgrassis.OvergrazingandclimatechangearethemajorcausesoftheSahara’sadvance,saidGillesBoetsch,ananthropologistwhodirectsateamofFrenchscientistsworkingwithSenegaleseresearchersintheregion.“ThelocalPeulpeopleareherders,oftennomadic.Butthepressureoftheherdsonthelandhasbecometoogreat,”Mr.Boetschsaidinaninterview.“Thevegetationcan’tregenerateitself.”Since2008,however,Senegalhasbeenfightingbackagainsttheencroachingdesert.Eachyearithasplantedsometwomillionseedlingtreesalonga545-kilometer,or340-mile,ribbonoflandthatisthecountry’ssegmentofamajorpan-Africanregenerationproject,theGreatGreenWall.Firstproposedin2005,theprogramlinksSenegaland10otherSaharanstatesinanalliancetoplanta15kilometer-wide,7,100-kilometer-longgreenbelttofendoffthedesert.Whilemanycountrieshavestilltostartontheirsectionsofthebarrier,Senegalhastakenthelead,withthecreationofaNationalAgencyfortheGreatGreenWall.“Thissemi-aridregionisbecominglessandlesshabitable.Wewanttomakeitpossibleforpeopletocontinuetolivehere,”Col.PapSarr,theagency’stechnicaldirector,saidinaninterviewhere.ColonelSarrhasforgedworkingalliancesbetweenSenegaleseresearchersandtheFrenchteamheadedbyMr.Boetsch,infieldsasvariedassoilmicrobiology,ecology,medicineandanthropology.“InSenegalwehopetoexperimentwithdifferentwaysofdoingthingsthatwillbenefittheothercountriesastheybecomemoreactive,”thecolonelsaid.Eachyearsince2008,fromMaytoJune,about400peopleareemployedineightnurseries,choosingandoverseeinggerminationofseedsandtendingtheseedlingsuntiltheyarereadyforplanting.InAugust,1,000peoplearemobilizedtoplantoutrowsofseedlings,about2millionplants,allowingthemafulltwomonthsoftherainyseasontotakerootbeforethelong,dryseasonsetsin.Aftertheirfirstdryseason,thesaplingslookdead,browntwigsstickingoutofholesintheground,but80percentsurvive.Sixyearson,treesplantedin2008areuptothreemeters,or10feet,tall.Sofar,30,000hectares,orabout75,000acres,havebeenplanted,including4,000hectaresthissummer.Therearealreadydiscernibleimpactsonthemicroclimate,saidJean-LucPeiry,aphysicalgeographyprofessorattheUniversitéBlaisePascalinClermont-Ferrand,France,whohasplaced30sensorstorecordtemperaturesinsomeplantedparcels.“Preliminaryresultsshowthatclumpsoffourtoeightsmalltreescanhaveanimportantimpactontemperature,”ProfessorPeirysaidinaninterview.“Thetranspirationofthetreescreatesamicroclimatethatmoderatesdailytemperatureextremes.”“Thetreesalsohaveanimportantroleinslowingthesoilerosioncausedbythewind,reducingthedust,andactinglikealargeroughdoormat,haltingthesand-ladenwindsfromtheSahara,”headded.Wildlifeisrespondingtothechanges.“Migratorybirdsarereappearing,”Mr.Boetschsaid.Theprojectuseseightgroundwaterpumpingstationsbuiltin1954,beforeSenegalachieveditsindependencefromFrancein1960.Thepumpsfillgiantbasinsthatprovidewaterforanimals,treenurseriesandgardenswherefruitandvegetablesaregrown.Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.健康是促进人的全面发展的必然。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护人民健康。多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为人民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事业。经过不懈努力，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。2015.11CATTI英语三级《笔译实务》真题与答案Section1:English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.IrelandisasovereignstateinwesternEurope,occupyingaboutfive-sixthsoftheislandofIreland.ThecapitalandlargestcityisDublin,whosemetropolitanareaishometoaroundaquarterofthecountry’s4.6millioninhabitants.ThestatesharesitsonlylandborderwithNorthernIreland.Itisaunitary,parliamentaryrepublicwithanelectedpresidentservingasheadofstate.Theheadofgovernmentisnominatedbythelowerhouseofparliament.FollowingtheIrishWarofIndependenceandthesubsequentAnglo-IrishTreaty,IrelandgainedindependencefromtheUnitedKingdomin1922.Initiallyadominion,IrelandreceivedofficialBritishrecognitionoffulllegislativeindependenceintheStatuteofWestminsterof1931.Anewconstitutionwasadoptedin1937,bywhichthenameofthestatebecame“Ireland.”In1949,IrelandwasdeclaredarepublicundertheRepublicofIrelandact1948.IrelandranksamongthewealthiestcountriesintheworldintermsofGDPpercapita.In1973,Irelandenactedaseriesofliberaleconomicpoliciesthatresultedinrapideconomicgrowth,coupledwithadramaticriseininequality.Thecountryachievedconsiderableprosperityfrom1995to2007.Thiswashaltedbyanunprecedentedfinancialcrisisthatbeganin2008,inconjunctionwiththeconcurrentglobaleconomiccrash.In2011and2013Irelandwasrankedastheseventh-mostdevelopedcountryintheworldbytheUnitedNationsHumanDevelopmentIndex.[14]Italsoperformswellinseveralmetricsofnationalperformance,includingfreedomofthepress,economicfreedomandcivilliberties.Itpursuesapolicyofneutralitythroughnon-alignment.ThepopulationofIrelandstoodat4,588,252in2011,anincreaseof8.2%since2006.Asof2011,IrelandhadthehighestbirthrateintheEuropeanUnion(16birthsper1,000ofpopulation.In2012,35.1%ofbirthsweretounmarriedwomen.Annualpopulationgrowthratesexceeded2%duringthe2002-2006period,whichwasattributedtohighratesofnaturalincreaseandimmigration.Thisratedeclinedsomewhatduringthesubsequent2006-2011period,withanaveragegrowthrateof1.6%.Irelandranksfifthintheworldintermsofgenderequality.In2011,IrelandwasrankedthemostcharitablecountryinEurope,andsecondmostcharitableintheworld.ContraceptionwascontrolledinIrelanduntil1979;however,therecedinginfluenceoftheCatholicChurchhasledtoanincreasinglysecularizedsociety.In1983,theEighthAmendmentrecognized“therighttolifeoftheunborn”,subjecttoqualificationsconcerningthe“equalrighttolife”ofthemother.ThepassageoftheThirteenthandFourteenthAmendments,guaranteeingtherighttohaveanabortionperformedabroad,andtherighttolearnabout“services”thatareillegalinIrelandbutlegalabroad.Theprohibitionondivorceinthe1937Constitutionwasrepealedin1995undertheFifteenthAmendment.DivorceratesinIrelandareverylowcomparedtoEuropeanUnionaverageswhilethemarriagerateinIrelandisslightlyabovetheEuropeanUnionaverage.CapitalpunishmentisconstitutionallybannedinIreland,whilediscriminationbasedonage,gender,sexualorientation,maritalorfamilialstatus,religion,raceormembershipofthetravellingcommunityisillegal.Irelandbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtointroduceanenvironmentallevyforplasticshoppingbagsin2002andapublicsmokingbanin2004.RecyclinginIrelandiscarriedoutextensivelyandIrelandhasthesecondhighestrateofpackagingrecyclingintheEuropeanUnion.Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.冲突对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示，历史上大约有过15次新兴大国的崛起，其中有11次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，