2023年年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第二套

2021年12月英语四级真题和答案解析(第二套)20XX年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ittriestoentertainitsaudience.C)Itwantstocatchpeople’sattention.B)Ittriestolookintothedistance.D)Ithasgotoneofitslimbsinjured.2.A)Itwasspottedbyanimalprotectionofficials.B)Itwasfilmedbyalocaltelevisionreporter.C)Itsvideoswerepostedonsocialmedia.D)Itspicturewonaphotographyprize.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)ThedistancetravelledC)Thespendingongas.B)Theincidenceofroadaccidents.D)Thenumberofpeopletravelling.4.A)Fewerpeoplearecommuting.C)Jobgrowthisslowingdown.B)Gasconsumptionissoaring.D)Rush-hourtrafficisworsening.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hetoldastrangerthesadstoryabouthimself.B)Hehelpedastrangertocarrygroceriestohiscar.C)Hewentuptoastrangerandpulledathissleeves.D)Hewashedastranger’scarinreturnforsomefood.6.A)Heorderedalotoffoodforhisfamily.C)Heraisedalargesumofmoneyforhim.B)Hegavehimajobathisowncompany.D)Heofferedhimascholarshipforcollege.7.A)Heworkshardtosupporthisfamily.C)Heisverygoodatmakingupstories.B)Heisanexcellentstudentatschool.D)Hehasbeendisabledsinceboyhood.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Attendedaneconomicslecture.C)HadadrinkatQueenVictoria.B)TakenawalkonCharlesStreet.D)Haddinneratanewrestaurant.9.A)Treatacollegefriendtodinner.C)Attendhisbrother’sbirthdayparty.B)Makepreparationsforaseminar.D)Visitsomeofhishighschoolfriends.10.A)Gatherstatisticsforhislecture.B)Throwasurprisebirthdayparty.C)MeetwithJonathan’sfriendsontheweekend.D)Joinhiminhisbrother’sbirthdaycelebration.11.A)Bycar.B)Bytrain.C)Bytaxi.D)Bybus.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Takingavacationabroad.C)Savingenoughmoneyforarainyday.B)Reviewingforhislastexam.D)Findingabetterwaytoearnmoney.13.A)Preparingforhisfinalexams.C)Workingparttimeasawaiter.B)Negotiatingwithhisbossforaraise.D)Helpingthewomanwithhercourses.14.A)Finishhertermpaper.C)LearnalittlebitofSpanish.B)Saveenoughmoney.D)Askherparent’spermission.15.A)Hehasrichsailingexperience.C)HeisalsoeagertogotoSpain.B)HespeaksSpanishfluently.D)Heiseasytogetalongwith.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmastchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Shewenttothesameuniversityashermother.B)SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWar.C)ShewontheNobelPrizetwotimes.D)ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinner.17.A)Shefoughtbravelyinaseriesofmilitaryoperations.B)ShedevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryhospitals.C)Shehelpedtosetupseveralmilitaryhospitals.D)Shemadedonationstosavewoundedsoldiers.18.A)Bothdiedofbloodcancer.C)Bothwonmilitarymedals.B)BothfoughtinWorldWarI.D)Bothmarriedtheirassistants.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)TheywerethefirstsettlersinEurope.B)TheyweretheconquerorsofNorway.C)TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthcentury.D)TheysettledonasmallislandnorthofEngland.20.A)ItwassomefivehundredmileswestofNorway.B)Itwascoveredwithgreenmosttimeoftheyear.C)ItwastheVikings’mostimportantdiscovery.D)Itwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithice.21.A)TheVikings,oceanexplorations.C)TheVikings’everydaylife.B)ThemakingofEuropeannations.D)TheEuropeans’Arcticdiscoveries.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Workhardforabetterlife.C)Dreamaboutthefuture.B)Makemistakesnowandthen.D)Saveagainstarainyday.23.A)Teachforeignlanguagesfortherestofhislife.B)Changewhathehasforhispastimaginaryworld.C)Exchangehistwo-storyhouseforabeachcottage.D)Dwellonthedreamshehaddreamedwhenyoung.24.A)Criminallaw.C)Orientalarchitecture.B)Cityplanning.D)Internationalbusiness.25.A)Dreamandmakeplans.C)Becontentwithwhatyouhave.B)Takethingseasyinlife,D)Enjoywhateveryouaredoing.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TechnologicalchangesbroughtdramaticnewoptionstoAmericanslivinginthe1990s.Duringthisdecadenewformsofentertainment,commerce,research,andcommunicationbecamecommonplaceintheU.S.Thedrivingforcebehindmuchofthischangewasa(n)26popularlyknownastheInternet.TheInternetwasdevelopedduringthe1970sbytheDepartmentofDefense.Inthecaseofanattack,militaryadviserssuggestedthe27ofbeingabletooperateonecomputerfromanotherterminal.Intheearlydays,theInternetwasusedmainlybyscientiststocommunicatewithotherscientists.TheInternet28undergovernmentcontroluntil1984.OneearlyproblemfacedbyInternetuserswasspeed.Phonelinescouldonlytransmitinformationata29rate.Thedevelopmentoffiber-optic(光纤)cablesallowedforbillionsofbitsofinformationtobereceivedeveryminute.CompanieslikeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalcomputerscouldprocessthe30signalsatamorerapidrate.Intheearly1990s,theWorldWideWebwasdeveloped,inlargepart,for31purposes.Corporationscreatedhomepageswheretheycouldplacetextandgraphicstosellproducts.Soonairlinetickets,hotel32,andevencarsandhomescouldbepurchasedonline.Universities33researchdataontheInternet,sostudentscouldfind34informationwithoutleavingtheirdormitories.Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeand35online,soawholenewclassoftelecommutersbegantoearnalivingfromhomeofficesunshavenandwearingpajamas(睡衣).SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofKnittingA)About15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup.Iagreedtogiveitatry.B)Mymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(钩织),andIwasonmywaytobecomingahighlyproductivecrafter.C)I’vemadecountlessbabyblankets,sweaters,scarves,hats,capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.D)Itseems,too,thatI’mpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工艺).TheCraftYamCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25-35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyMend’sthreesmallgrandsons.LastApril,thecouncilcreatedaStitchAwayStress〞campaigninhonorofNationalStressAwarenessMonth.Dr.HerbertBenson,apioneerinmind/bodymedicineandauthorofTheRelaxationResponse,saysthattherepetitiveactionofneedleworkcaninducearelaxedstatelikethatassociatedwithmeditation(沉思)andyoga.Onceyougetbeyondtheinitiallearningcurve,knittingandcrochetingcanlowerheartrateandbloodpressure.E)Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.Ikeepphotosofmysingularaccomplishmentsonmycellphonetoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.F)Sincethe1990s,thecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.Amongthemisthefatherofaprematurelyborndaughterwhoreportedthatduringthebaby’sfiveweeksintheintensivecareunit,“learninghowtoknitinfanthatsgavemeasenseofpurposeduringatimethatIfeltveryhelpless.It’sahobbythatI’vestuckwith,anditcontinuestohelpmecopewithstressatwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙乱的)days,andallowmybraintimetosolveproblems.〞G)Arecentemailfromtheyam(纺纱)companyRedHearttitled“HealthBenefitsofCrochetingandKnitting〞promptedmetoexplorewhatelsemightbeknownaboutthehealthvalueofactivitieslikeknitting.Myresearchrevealedthattherewardsgowellbeyondreplacingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.H)Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecopingwithhealthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessofafamilymember.Schoolsandprisonswithcraftprogramsreportthattheyhaveacalmingeffectandenhancesocialskills.Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildren’smathskills.I)Somepeoplefindthatcraftworkhelpsthemcontroltheirweight.Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.J)I’vefoundthatmyhandiworkwithyamhashelpedmyarthritic(患关节炎的)fingersremainmoredexterous(乖巧的)asIage.AwomanencouragedtotryknittingandcrochetingafterdevelopinganautoimmunediseasethatcausedalotofhandpainreportedontheCraftYamCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainful.K)A2020UniversityofBritishColumbiastudyof38womenwithaneatingdisorderwhoweretaughttoknitfoundthatlearningthecraftledtosignificantimprovements.Seventy-fourpercentofthewomensaidtheactivitylessenedtheirfearsandkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirproblem.L)BetsanCorkhill,awellnesscoachinBath,England,andauthorofthebookKnitforHealth&Wellness,establishedawebsite,Stitchlinks,toexplorethevalueofwhatshecallstherapeuticknitting.Amongherrespondents,54percentofthosewhowereclinicallydepressedsaidthatknittingmadethemfeelhappyorveryhappy.Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.Perhapsmostexcitingisresearchthatsuggeststhatcraftslikeknittingandcrochetingmayhelptokeepoffadeclineinbrainfunctionwithage.Ina2020study,researchersledbyDr.YonasGedaattheMayoClinicinRochesterinterviewedarandom(随机的)sampleof1,321peopleages70-89,mostofwhomwerecognitively(在认知方面)normal,aboutthecognitiveactivitiestheyengagedinlateinlife.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelopingmildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.M)Althoughitispossiblethatonlypeoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthywouldpursuesuchactivities,thosewhoreadnewspapersormagazinesorplayedmusicdidnotshowsimilarbenefits.Theresearchersspeculatethatcraftactivitiespromotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.N)Insupportofthatsuggestion,a2021studybyDeniseC.ParkoftheUniversityofTexasatDallasandcolleaguesdemonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderadults.Thosewhoengagedinactivitiesthatwerenotintellectuallychallenging,eitherinasocialgrouporalone,didnotshowsuchimprovements.O)Giventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingtomaximizethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.Iforonetrynottomissasingleweeklymeetingofmyknittinggroup.36.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherconcentrate.37.Knittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromtobacco.38.Evenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofknitters.39.Beingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprolongsone’slife.40.Knittingdivertspeople’sattentionfromtheirpain.41.Theauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.42.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewersnacks.43.Surveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelievestress.44.Accordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitivedamage.45.Theproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-respect.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosis.What’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickly.Betweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(贫民窟);migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanisingatalowerlevelofincomethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthere’slittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmoreproductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsoftheworld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrializationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.Governmentisconcentratedincapitals,soisthemoney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙带关系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThoughAfricancountriesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilworkerscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthatincomewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacity’spopulationgrowsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?A)Theyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheworld.B)Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher.C)Theyareasmodernisedasmanycitieselsewhere.D)Theyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetteroff.47.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanisationinotherpartsoftheworld?A)Itbenefitedfromthecontributionofimmigrants.B)Itstartedwhenpeople’sincomewasrelativelyhigh.C)Itbenefitedfromtheacceleratedriseinproductivity.D)Itstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’slivelihood.48.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?A)Itlacksadequatetransportfacilities.B)Thelivingexpensestherearetoohigh.C)Itisonthewholetoodenselypopulated.D)Thelocalgovernmentsarecorrupted.49.InwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?A)Theyhaveattractedhugenumbersoffarmlabourers.B)Theystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalproductivity.C)Theyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofnature.D)Theydependfarmoreonforeigninvestment.50.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?A)Loweringofapartmentrent.C)Morerationaloverallplanning.B)Bettereducationforresidents.D)Amoreresponsiblegovernment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit—looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.Byandlarge,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsideforces—werethe此页面能否是列表页或首页？未找到适宜正文内容。