2014年公共英语四级-阅读理解题专项试题(一)

2014年公共英语四级-阅读理解专项(一) 公共英语四级-阅读理解题专项试题(一) 一、Reading Comprehension(共50小题,共50.0分)Read the following three Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D( texts( 第1题 If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the changes of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the international creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. Designers and big stores always make money______. A by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry B because they are capable of predicting new fashions C by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com D because they attach greater importance to quality in women's clothin 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 这篇文章讲述了对时装的看法。指出服装设计师和大商场通过不断改变时装潮流而大赚女性的钞票。这道题的正确答案是C。 第2题 To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as______. A a waste of money B a waste of time C an expression of taste D an expression of creativity 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 这道题的题干是作者怎么看待女性改制她们过时的衣物。选项A、B都是指的浪费。细读文章第二段就会发现作者认为买新衣服是浪费钱，没钱买新衣服、改衣物的女士是浪费时间。故选B。 第3题 The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the______of clothing. A cost B appearance C comfort D suitability 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第三段指出时装设计师应该把精力放在服装的保暖性、舒适性和耐穿性 上，而不是服装的样式上。故选C。 第4题 By saying the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Paragraph 4, Line 1—2), the writer means that______. A women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at B women are better able to put up with discomfort C men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers D men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 比较男女性对待服装的态度不同的原因，是女性的性格造成的还是男性 足够聪明能不被服装设计师所蒙蔽。显而易见，是后者。故选D。 第5题 According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women. B The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character. C The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society. D Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women. 【正确答案】:A 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 这是一道主旨归纳题。文章明确指出，设计新的时装样式就是为了赚取 女性更多的钞票。故选A。 第6题 Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children's school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test. Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught. The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught. Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can't see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary. The author gives an account of Erica's performance in her study in order to______. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com A illustrate her cleverness in test-taking B reveal the incompetence of teachers C show there is something wrong with current practice in teaching D demonstrate the best way to read textbooks 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本文讲述了测试代替了教学的奇怪的现象。作者通过对Erica's performance的描述证明了这个教学中的现象，从而进一步说明目前教学中的确 存在问题。故选C。 第7题 Which of the following is true according to the passage? A The phenomenon of teaching to the test has aroused curiosity in many educators. B Skills in general are not only useless but often lead students astray. C Ability to read and write is one thing, and ability to do well on standardized tests is quite another. D Preparation for a test of a skill does not necessarily mean the acquisition of that skill. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第三段有一句话“„to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill.”意思是说考试会的技巧并不能 说明掌握了技巧本身。故选D。 第8题 The author insists that______. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com A mandated state tests be replaced by some more sensible methods of assessment B teachers pay more attention to the nature and quality of what is taught C students not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking D radical changes be brought about in the general approach to teaching 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第三段最后一句话明作者对教学的观点:应该以教的内容的本质和质 量为中心，而不应该以考试为中心。只有B表达了此意。 第9题 We can safely conclude that______may cause educational problems. A test obsession B standardized tests C test-taking D preparation for mandated state tests 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 从全文可知，目前的教育问题是由以考试为主导的教学方式导致的。故 选A。 第10题 By "crisis of comprehension" the author means many students______ A are too much concerned with grades B fail to understand the real goal of education 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com C lack proper practice in phonic and grammar drills D are unable to understand what they read, though they do reasonably well on standardized tests 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 最后一段第一句话提到的“crisis of comprehension”，意思是指学生 掌握了音标和语法知识，但不懂他们读的内容。故选D。 第11题 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. These are similarities, of course, but the cops don't think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to a scantily-clad or in dramatic confrontation with desperate criminals. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminals as soon as he's arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks—whose failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case. So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to get results. Second, they have to observe the rules. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law______. A so that he can catch criminals in the streets B because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous C so that he can justify his arrests in court D because he has to know nearly as much about as a professional lawyer 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 从整篇文章可知警察学习刑法并不是因为抓罪犯危险，其目的是在法庭 上为其抓罪犯的行为提出法律依据。故选C。 第12题 The everyday life of a policeman or detective is______. A exciting and glamorous B full of danger C devoted mostly to routine matters D wasted on unimportant matters 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章中提到警探大部分工作就是在键盘上敲打成百上千个倒霉的罪行很 轻的小人物的资料，所以警察的日常工作应该是每日必做的例行公事。故选C。 第13题 When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police______. A prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away B spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their man 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com C try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation D usually fail to produce results 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 为了维护警察的声誉，对于大案、要案，他们要尽早抓住罪犯结案。故 选C。 第14题 The real detective lives in an unpleasant moral twilight... The underlined part implies______. A he is an expensive public servant B he must always behave with absolute legality C he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it D he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 因为警察生活在一个令人失望的、道德没落的时代，所以他们为了维护 法律，不得不冲破法律的约束，进行破案。只有C表达了此意。 第15题 What is the second difference between the drama detective and the real one? A It is not difficult to make an arrest for a real detective. B He has to do much work after finishing arresting. C Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. D Both A and B. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 从文中可以看出，警察抓罪犯不难，难的是找出其犯罪的证据，所以罪 犯抓获后，还有更多的工作要做。而戏剧中的警察往往抓到罪犯就大功告成了。 故选D。 第16题 The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War ?, when an American doctor named William Bayer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal would became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Bayer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and green bottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screwworm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace—although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War ?, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. Why did the author write the passage? A Because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com B To demonstrate the important contribution of William Bayer. C To outline the healing power of maggots. D To explain treatment used before the first antibiotics. 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章第一句话“The healing power of maggots is not new”就指出了 本文的主题。这篇文章的主旨就是阐述蛆能够治愈疾病的神奇力量。故选C。 第17题 According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because______. A two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week B the medical establishment refused to accept his findings C the soldiers' abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots D the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第一段的关键句“„shocked to notice that„had recovered better than wounded men treated„”，点明William Bayer惊讶地发现两名在战场上 受伤的士兵虽然伤口上都是蛆，但他们却比在医院接受治疗的伤员恢复的快。故 选D。 第18题 Which of the following is true, according to the passage? A Sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots. B Maggots only eat dead tissue. C Bluebottles and green bottles produce maggots. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com D Blowfly maggots only eat dead tissu 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章第二段讲述了有种被称作“blowfly”的蛆只吃死去的细胞组织。因 而这种蛆能治病。故选D。 第19题 All of the following are true EXCEPT that______ A maggots come from eggs B maggots eat bacteria C maggots are larvae D William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 选项A、B、C在第二段都提到了。D讲的是William发现了一种新的蛆， 这与原文不符。故选D。 第20题 What can be inferred from the passage about maggots? A Modem science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight infection. B Maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been discovered. C William Bayer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy. D Sulfa drugs were developed from maggots. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 最后一句话的意思是:由于抗生素的出现，蛆治疗法很快不再被使用。 换句话说，若是抗生素未出现，蛆治疗法还会被广为使用。故选B。 第21题 There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among "situations vacant", although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among "situations vacant", although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. "Contact us before writing your application," or "Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history," is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as art form in its own right. There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. "Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams," was about the average lever of advice offered to young people applying for their jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest. Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. "Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for," was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view. There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns______. A informs job hunters of the opportunities available 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com B promises useful advice to those looking for employment C divides available jobs into various types D informs employers that people are available for work 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本篇文章讲述了报纸刊登的一种新型的小广告。这种广告目的是为寻找 工作的人提供帮助。故选B。 第22题 Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because______. A there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people B there are so many top-lever jobs available C there are so many people out of work D the job history is considered to be a work of art 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章第二段指出，这种广告是高失业率的一种体现。关键句“„a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment:”。故选C。 第23题 In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would______. A write an initial letter giving their life history B pass some exams before applying for a job C have no qualifications other than being able to read and write 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com D keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第三段指出“The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”即所有关于求职者的具体情况要等到面试的时候才需要。故选D。 第24题 Later, as one went to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter______. A something that would attract attention to one's application B a personal opinion about the organization one was trying to join C something that would offend the person reading it D a lot that one could easily get away with telling 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据第四段的综合论述，在求职更重要、职位更高时，应该包括能够使 你与其他求职者显出不同的信息。故选A。 第25题 The job history has become such an important document because______. A there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised B there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees C jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays D the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated 【正确答案】:B 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 最后一段指出“it is the increasing number of applicants„to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae”，而“curriculum vitae”就 是指“job history”。故选B。 第26题 New research from Australia supports the belief that many pet owners have—it shows that pets are good for your health. The findings of this new study suggest that people who have pets are at less risk from heart disease than those who do not. Ironically, this latest study on pets was intended to explode the myth that pets are good for your health. Earlier research on the benefits of owning pets received a lot of publicity, but the results were not good enough to convince the more skeptical doctors. The new research was carried out over three years and examined 6000 people, the largest group yet involved in such a study. They took tests that measured a variety of different factors known to be involved in heart disease—blood pressure, and blood levels of cholesterol (胆固醇) and triglyceride (甘油三酯). Also, people were asked about their lifestyles. The 800 people who owned pets had lower levels on each of the factors measured than those who did not own pets. The differences were even greater than those found in similar studies on people who switched to vegetarian diets or took up exercise. The study also showed that it did not matter what kind of pet was owned—a cat was as good as a dog—so the benefits could not be attributed to the exercise involved in walking a dog. The question is, just how do pets manage to make their owners more healthy? The obvious answer is that they make their owners feel more relaxed and happy. After all, what better way of getting rid of all that tension than by walking the dog or stroking the cat? However, it is not that simple. While there is some evidence that an unhappy event, such as the death of a partner, can be bad for a person's health, at the moment there is little evidence that having good relationships has a positive effect on health. As long as the exact way that pets make their owners healthier is unknown, many doctors will be reluctant to prescribe a pet instead of a pill for their patients. Nevertheless, the Australian scientist who organized this study commented that if a new drug was available that was as effective as simply having a pet, then this drug would undoubtedly be considered a breakthrough in the control of heart disease. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com Which of the following is true about the new research? A The results could convince the more skeptical doctors. B Its purpose was to show that the belief the pets are good for people's health is not correct. C Its purpose was to convince skeptical doctors that pets are good for health. D The research received supports from Australian doctors 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本文主旨是养宠物是否对身体有益处。这道题的答案在第一段。关键句 “Ironically, this latest study on pets was intended to explode the myth that pets are not good for your health.”从这句话得知来自澳大利亚最近 的研究原本是要推翻养宠物对身体有益之说，但其调查结果却证实了相反的理 论，即养宠物能降低人们患心脏病的几率。选项B是对的。 第27题 Who are most unlikely to suffer from heart disease? A Those living with relatives. B Those switching to vegetarian diets. C Those taking up exercise. D Those owning pets. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 细读文章第二段就会得出这样的结论:养宠物的人患心脏病的几率甚至 要比素食主义者和注重锻炼的人还低。故选D。 第28题 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com How does the author think pets make their owners more healthy? A They make their owners feel more relaxed and happy. B They provide their owners with more exercises. C They have good relationships with their owners. D We don't know exactly. 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章提到了为什么养宠物会降低患心脏病的几率的可能原因。但这些原 因都未被证实。故选D。 第29题 A skeptical doctor is most probably one who believes that______. A pets are better for people's health than drug B drug is as good as pets for people's health C drug is better for people's health than pets D neither pets nor drug is good for people's health 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 对养宠物对身体有益一说持怀疑态度的医生更相信药物的作用。故选C。 第30题 What can you infer from the passage? A So far pets are the most effective drug for heart disease patients. B Many doctors prefer to prescribe pets for their heart disease patients. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com C Having good relationships has a positive effect on health. D Walking a dog is a better way of getting rid of tension than stroking a cat is. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章最后一句话是本题的答案。其含义是若是有种同养宠物一样对控制 心脏病有效的药物，这种药物会是在控制心脏病方面的突破。由此看来，目前没 有此种药物，那么还是养宠物最有效。故选A。 第31题 There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, the events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessor. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warming may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings, on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, not one will defend or excuse them. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com This passage tells us that those who are always dissatisfied with the situation they are in will live______. A a happy life B a miserable life C a wealthier life than those who are always satisfied D a life full of imagination 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章讲述了两类生活状况相似的人，但生活观不同的人的区别。不满现 状的人生活得很不幸。故选B。 第32题 In the second paragraph, the expression "sour the pleasures of society" means______. A make the pleasures of society disappear B do not enjoy the pleasures of society C deny the existence of the pleasures of society D criticize the society because of its lack of pleasures 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 从上文可知，幸福的人“enjoy all the cheerful things”;根据推理， 不幸福的人应该是不会享受愉快的生活。这道题也是根据上下文的逻辑关系进行 推测，得出词义。正确答案是B。 第33题 The unhappy people's bad habit of viewing things may be cured______. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com A when they are aware of its adverse consequences in their life B if they can imitate the happy people C if they can have more imagination D when they can form the habit of arguing with others 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章第二段倒数第二句话指出，这种悲观的做事习惯可以被治愈，前提 是只有他们认识到其消极作用。只有A符合题意。 第34题 The author advises other people to______. A avoid any contact with the unhappy people if they won't get rid of their bad habits B keep in touch with the unhappy people even if they won't get rid of their bad habits C be more sympathetic with the unhappy people D be more helpful to the unhappy people 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章最后一句话是本题的答案:“If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.”故选A。 第35题 We can infer from the passage that a positive attitude towards life may bring______. A success 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com B good habits C friendship D happiness 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 全文讲了生活背景相似但生活状况不同的两类人。悲观的人会不幸，而 生活态度积极的人会幸福。可见生活的态度与一个人是否幸福息息相关。故选D。 第36题 A newly published AIDS study could open another front in the battle against HIV infection by showing that gene therapy can be used to stop infected cells from spreading the deadly virus, researchers said. In a test-tube experiment believed to be the first of its kind, researchers based at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were able to block the operation of the "tat" gene that allows HIV to spread throughout the body from infected cells. Up to now, genetic AIDS research has concentrated on finding ways to help healthy cells withstand the ravages of the HIV virus that infects an estimated 16,000 new victims a day, mainly in the developing world. But by working with human cells already infected with HIV, the team was able to reduce the tat gene's virus-replicating functions by 80 percent to 90 percent, according to findings published in the journal Gene Therapy. That, researchers said, raises the possibility of a new gene therapy approach capable of supplementing the current drug-based treatment known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART, which is used to stop HIV infection from becoming full-blown AIDS. In recent studies, HAART has proved to be a costly drug regimen that poses serious side effects for HIV patients while delivering questionable results. "This is proof of the concept that HIV replication could be inhibited by a genetic approach, though we're not at 100 percent yet," said Dr. Stuart Starr, a study coauthor and chief of immunologic infectious diseases at Children's Hospital. "Everyone thinks of an antiviral approach, or an immunologic approach (to HIV). This adds another option into the equation that could become more important as other options prove not to be totally successful." Key to the study was an artificially produced "antitat" gene provided by 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com the Washingtonbased Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy. Children's Hospital researchers used a mouse retrovirus to deliver the antitat gene into HIV-infected U-1 and ACH-2 cells, which were developed in the lab from the tissues of living HIV patients. They found that when the antitat protein combined with the tat gene, it successfully inhibited the gene's operation without disturbing healthy cells or causing toxic side-effects. The study, funded by a private foundation, also found that the introduction of the antitat gene prolonged the survival of immune-system cells called CD4+T lymphocytes. Starr said researchers have entered preliminary discussions with a New England-based primate center, where animal experiments could be carried out on infected macaque monkeys. If animal experiments proved successful, the Children's Hospital team would hope to have a gene therapy treatment ready for human clinical trials in three to four years. What is the passage mainly about? A AIDS study raises hopes for gene therapy treatment. B A new killer of HIV virus. C Research on gene therapy. D Gene therapy proves to be the ultimate solution to HIV infection. 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 这是一道文章主旨题。第一段就明确指出新出版的艾滋病研究成果会开 辟另一个抗击艾滋病感染的途径。这也使人们对新的基因治疗法充满希望。A符 合题意。故选A。 第37题 The gene therapy can curb HIV infection by______. A helping healthy cells withstand the ravages of HIV virus B completely stopping the infected cells from spreading 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com C considerably inhibiting the tat gene from working D isolating HIV virus from the healthy cells 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 基因疗法之所以能够抑制艾滋病毒的感染是因为其能基本上抑制有毒基 因的发展。选项B不对是因为“completely”和文章所说的80%,90%有出入， 而选项C是用的单词“considerably”来修饰。故选C。 第38题 The gene therapy differs from HAART in that______. A HAART is presently employed as a drug-based treatment B the gene therapy plays a minor role in relation to HAART C the gene therapy can stop HIV infection from becoming full-blown AIDS D HAART may produce questionable results, while gene therapy will certainly not 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 这是一道细节判断题。由文章第五段可得知两者的区别在于“HAART”是 以药物治疗为主的方法。基因疗法与“HAART”疗法相互补充。故选A。 第39题 According to Dr. Stuart Starr, ______. A the other options proved totally unsuccessful B everyone knows how to deal with HIV virus effectively C the new therapy is but one among a number of options D the new approach might take the place of other therapies 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据文章的阐述，新的办法可能会取代别的治疗方法。选项A、B、C与 原文不符，故选D。 第40题 The researchers found that______. A the gene therapy could be verified by animal experiments B the antitat gene may be artificially produced C antitat protein functions without causing any side-effects D antitat gene enhances the human immune system 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本文第11段表明，新的治疗方法会提高免疫力。关键句“the introduction of the antitat gene prolonged the survival”。故选D。 第41题 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-prod American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn't hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together-honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com knows, external controls on people's behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: "In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!" Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has done. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn't teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn't provide a stable home. I don't believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. What the wise man said suggests that______. A it's unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil B it's certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it C it's only natural for virtue to defeat evil D it's desirable for good men to keep away from evil 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 本文第一段第一句“A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.”即一 位智者说过邪恶取胜的必要条件是好人无所作为。这句话的含义与选项B相符。 第42题 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,______. A society is to be held responsible B modern civilization is responsible for it C the criminal himself should bear the blame D the standards of living should be improved 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 作者在倒数第二段指出，罪犯应为其行为负责。故选C。 第43题 Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have______. A less self-discipline B better sense of discipline C more mutual respect D less effective government 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第六段讲到小城市中学校维持纪律，家长严格要求孩子。第七段提到大 城市的人们自我约束力下降。所以比较而言，大城市纪律较松散。故选A。 第44题 The writer is sorry to have noticed that______. A people in large cities tend to excuse criminals B people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com C today's society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 第八段作者用了“underprivileged”一词表达了人们对罪犯的同情和宽 容，造成了道德上的堕落。故选A。 第45题 The key point of the passage is that______. A stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families B more good examples should be set for people to follow C more restrictions should be imposed on people's behavior D more people should accept the value of accountability 【正确答案】:D 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 最后一段概括了作者的观点:美国迫切需要更多的人相信犯罪分子应自 食其果。这句话的含义是人们应该接受“责任”价值观。故选D。 第46题 Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small. The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result. The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past. There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wavelength. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them "tsunamis", meaning "harbor waves", because they reach a sizable height only in harbors. Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage? A The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth. B Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year. C Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. D Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces. 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [解析] 本题是细节判断题，A、B、D与原文相符。唯有C与原文不符。根据题意只能选C。 第47题 The destruction of Agadir is an example of______. A faulty building construction B an earthquake's strength C widespread panic in earthquakes D ineffective instruments 【正确答案】:A 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 文章第二段首先举例说明运用不同的建筑方法和材料所修建的房屋的抗震能力是不同的，进而就提到了发生在摩洛哥Agadir的地震虽然震级不大，却摧毁了整个城市，而许多更强烈的地震所造成的损失却很小，由此作者得出结论:如果建筑物修建得好并且建在坚固的地面上，那么它就能抵御地震;地震中大多数的死亡是由于不良的建筑结构或不当的建筑地点造成的。由此可知作者引用摩洛哥的Agadir的毁灭主要是要说明不良的建筑结构(faulty building construction)，故选项A为正确答案。 第48题 The United Nations' experts are supposed to______ A construct strong buildings B put forward proposals C detect disastrous earthquakes D monitor earthquakes 【正确答案】:B 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com [解析] 根据文章第三段可知，联合国在地震减灾方面起到了非常重要的作用，它派出了许多地震专家到饱受地震袭扰的国家，与当地的地质学家和工程师一起研究当地的地质构造及适合当地的实用的建筑法规，并且如果这些专家提出的建议得到采纳，灾难性的地震就会成为历史。因此这四个选项中，最合适的是B“put forward proposals”意为“提出建议”，故其为正确答案。 第49题 The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may______. A notice them out at sea B find ways to stop them C be warned early enough D develop warning systems 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 根据文章最后一段，海啸的移动速度缓慢，使人们得以及早发现，以提前向沿岸的居民发出警告，离开海边到高地去，但是人们却无法阻止到来的巨浪。故选项C“be warned early enough”为正确答案。 第50题 According to the passage, tsunamis are______. A frequent B tidal waves C something that little can be done about D under men's control 【正确答案】:C 【本题分数】:1.0分 【答案解析】 [解析] 从全文可知目前人们对海啸束手无策。故选C。 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com none、二(共Reading Comprehension(子母填空)小题,15共分)30.0 第1题 (1)Do students learn from programmed instruction? The search leaves us in no doubt of this. They do, indeed, learn. They learn from linear programs, from branching programs built on the Skinnerian model, from scrambled books of the Crowder type, from pressure review tests with immediate knowledge of results, from programs on machines or programs in texts. Many kinds of students learn, college, high school, secondary, primary, preschool, adult, professional, skilled labor, clerical employees, military, deaf, retarded, imprisoned, every kind of student that programs have been tried on. Using programs these students are able to learn mathematics and science at different levels, foreign languages, English language correctness, the details of the U.S. Constitution, spelling, electronics, computer science, psychology, statistics, business skills, reading skills, flying rules, and many other subjects. The limits of the topics which can be studied efficiently by means of programs are not yet known. (2)For each of the kinds of subject matters and the kinds of students mentioned above, experiments have rated that a considerable amount of learning can be derived from programs; this learning has been measured either by comparing pre-and post-test or the time and trials needed to reach a set criterion of performance. But the question, how well do students learn from programs as competed to how well they learn from other kinds of instruction, we cannot answer quite so confidently. (3)Experimental psychologists typically do not take seriously the evaluative experiments in which learning from programs is compared with learning from conventional teaching. Such experiments are doubtless useful, they say, for school administrators or teachers to prove to themselves (or their boards of education) that programs work. (4)But one can describe fairly well the characteristics of a program, can one describe the characteristics of a classroom teaching situation so that the result of the comparison will have any generality? What kind of teacher is being compared to what kind of program? Furthermore, these early evaluative experiments with programs are likely to suffer from the Hawthorne effect: that is to say, students are in the spotlight when testing something new, and are challenged to do well. It is very hard to make allowance for this effect. Therefore, the evaluative tests may be useful administratively, say many of the experimenters, but do not contribute much to science, and should properly be kept for private use. These objections are well taken. And yet, do they justify us in ignoring the evaluative studies? (5)The great strength of a program is that it 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com permits the student to learn efficiently by himself. Is it not therefore important to know how much and what kind of skills, concepts, insights or attitudes he can learn by himself from programs compared to what he can learn from teacher? Admittedly, this is a very difficult and complex research problem, but that should not keep us from trying to solve it. 【正确答案】: 学生能从程序式教学中学到东西吗?研究结果让我们对此深信不疑。 第2题 【正确答案】: 对于上面提及的各类学生和各种课程，实验结果表明，程序教学法有相当好的教 学效果。其教学效果是通过对测试之前和之后的比较，或通过预期达到某项技术 所需的时间和尝试次数的比较来衡量的。 第3题 【正确答案】: 评估实验对比了程序式教学法和常规教学法的教学效果，然而心理实验学家普遍 对这些实验并不十分重视。 第4题 【正确答案】: 虽然可以较好地描述某种程序式教学法的特征，但课堂教学环境特征该怎样确定 才能使对比的结果具有一定的普遍性呢? 第5题 【正确答案】: 程序式教学法的显著优势在于能够让学生高效地进行自学，那么，与教师上课所 学到的东西相比较，弄清他用程序教学法学到多少和什么样的技能、概念、洞察 力和思想态度难道就不重要了吗? 第6题 Unlike some other arthritis treatments, there doesn't appear to be anything actually harmful about the Free Enterprise Radon Health Mine in Boulder, Mont. True, radio-active radon gas—the active ingredient in what the mine's owners advertise as "the unmedical approach to anthritis"—can cause cancer. (1)But while the radiation level in the old uranium mine is 175 times the federal standard for dwellings, patients spend only 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com a couple of hours a day down there—not enough to be dangerous by itself. The average patient's age is 72, according to Adrian Howe, chief of the state Occupational Health Bureay; since "the time it takes for lung cancer to develop in an adult is 15 to 30 years, it's likely that other potential causes of death might occur before lung cancer." Is it odd that people would seek out a known carcinogen in their quest for relief from arthritis? Not really. Arthritis patients are particularly apt to try unproven treatments; one study found that 94 percent of a group of patients had tried at least one unconventional therapy. Conventional therapies often don't work and can have unpleasant side effects. (2)Pain is subjective, notoriously prone to the placebo effect, the temporary improvement that may follow even medically useless treatments. The symptoms of arthritis can become much weaker for a time no apparent reason, and it is easy for patients to be fooled by such a phenomenon. People who take unconventional cures "get" pain relief, "not an actual decrease in swelling of the joints or changes in lab-test results," says Dr. Frederic McDuffie, director of the Arthritis Center at Atlanta's Piedmont Hospital. "Who can tell them they're not feeling better?" (3) Almost every substance that can be packaged has been sold as an arthritis treatment at one time or another. These range from the merely misnamed ("arthritis formula" painkillers, in which the formula is aspirin) to the harmless but useless (copper bracelets) to the repulsive (injections of turtle blood, because turtles live a long time without getting arthritis) and the dangerous (unsupervised doses of steroids). Just last month a supermarket newspaper carried a front-page story on a "wonder salad dressing" for arthritis (garlic oil and cider vinegar). In one experiment, people believed that spraying joints with the household lubricant was beneficial. (4) Radon mines at least boast a distant medical antecedent. At one time, McDuffie says, radiation therapy was used to treat a severe spinal arthritis. Unfortunately, he adds, "the amount of radiation they had to give to produce relief caused leukemia." Daryl Parker, president of the free Enterprise mine, claims that in radon therapy the gas "works as a powerful nerve and cell stimulant that has a profound effect on the central nervous system.., it stimulates the boy's own ability to heal itself." (5) It is a powerful tribute to either nerve stimulation or the power of suggestion that people say they really do feel better after sitting in a damp, 50-degree cavern for two hours a day. As many as 120 people daily spend $3.50 an hour to descend 80 feet into the granite-walled tunnel and breathe the stimulating emanations. "I've been to a number of doctors. I've been to healers in the Philippines, and sitting in the mine gives me more relief than anything," says 69-year-old D.M. Langford, who drives 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com up to the mine twice a year from the San Joaquin Valley. "I get where I can't walk if I don't come up here." As McDuffie says, who can tell him he's not feeling better? 【正确答案】: 不过，虽然就铀矿那的放射性程度是联邦住宅标准的175倍，但是病人一天下铀 矿的时间仅有一两个小时——其自身不足以构成危险。 第7题 【正确答案】: 病痛是一个主观的自我感觉的东西，极其容易受安慰剂的影响。 第8题 【正确答案】: 几乎所有能够包装的东西都曾当作关节炎的药出售过。 第9题 【正确答案】: 氡矿至少在很久以前就有用于治病的先例。 第10题 【正确答案】: 人们说他们每天在潮湿的50度的矿洞里坐上两个小时后感觉真的好多了，这药 归功于对神经的刺激作用，要么归功于暗示的威力。 第11题 "Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. (1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. (2) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer, for not measuring wind velocity. 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. (3) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides an "effective" or "fair" comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three actors: the intention to do one's best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it. (4) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the values of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require "general intelligence". (5) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 【正确答案】: 人类对智力所拥有那些不同表现，比对这些表现如何进行解释或分类，看法更为 一致。 第12题 【正确答案】: 批评智力测试不能针对上述情况，就如批评温度计不测试风速一样。 第13题 【正确答案】: 既然对智力的批评是相对而言，那么我们必须确保在对我们的对象进行比较时， 我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平”的比较。 第14题 【正确答案】: 若要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须 要一样。 第15题 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com 【正确答案】: 总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定的把握，但须具备两个条件:能认定这个孩子对测试态度与同他比较的孩子的态度一样;另外，孩子不应该由于缺乏别的孩子所知道的相关信息扣分。 模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题～ 我们一直在努力做得更好～ 更多各种资格考试历年真题请访问 www.mokaoba.com