新发展研究生英语一 Unit1.text Book 1

Unit1 Human Reflections Marriage is an institution in which a man loses his Bachelor’s degree and woman gets her Master’s. 婚姻是一座学校, 男人会失去单身汉的地位, 而女人会获得征服者的地位. ---Socrates, Greek philosopher Men marry because they are tired, women because they are curious, both are disappointed. 男人结婚, 因为他们厌倦了,女人结婚, 因为她们好奇, 结果两人都大失所望. ---Oscar Wilde, British writer 1 Pre-reading Activities 1.Fill in the blanks with the words you hear. It takes only a minute to get a __________(1) on someone, an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone. But it takes a ___________(2) to forget someone. Don’t go for looks; they can __________ (3). Don’t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you __________(4) Because it only takes a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Find the one that makes your heart smile. Maybe God wants us to meet a few __________(5) people before meeting the right one. So that when we finally meet the right person, we will know how to be ___________ (6) for the gift. It’s true that we don’t know what we’ve got until we lose it, but it’s also true that we don’t know what we’ve been missing until it ___________ (7).Giving someone all your love will not provide ___________ (8) that they will love you back. Don’t expect love in _________ (9): just wait for it to grow in their hearts. But it doesn’t, be ___________ (10). It grew in yours. Why Marriages fail Anne Roiphe is an American feminist author known for such novels as Up the Sandbox and Lovingkindness. Her work is noteworthy for its examination of the conflict between the desire for family and relationship and that for career and self-determination. 1These days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth. “ Happily ever after”and “Till death us do part” are expressions that seem on the way to becoming obsolete. Why has it become so hard for couples to stay together? What goes wrong? What has happened to us that close to one half of all marriages are destined for the divorce courts? How could we have created a society in which 42 percent of our children will grow up in single-parent homes? If statistics could only measure loneliness, regret, pain , lose of self-confidence, and fear of the future, the numbers would be beyond quantifying. 2 Even though each broken marriage is unique, we can still find common perils, common cause of marital despair. Each marriage has a crisis point and each marriage tests endurance, the capacity for both intimacy and change. Outside pressures such as job loss, illness, infertility, trouble with a child, care of aging parents, and all the other plagues of life hit marriages the way hurricanes blast our shores. Some marriages survive these storms, and others don’t. Marriages fail , however, not simply because of the outside weather but because the inner climate becomes too hot or too cold, too turbulent or too stupefying. 3 When we look at how we choose our partners and what expectations exist at the tender beginning of romance, some of the reasons for the disaster become quite clear. We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who will recreate with us the emotional pattern of our first homes. Dr. Cart A. Whitaker, a marital therapist and emeritus professor of psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin, explains, “From early childhood on, each of us carried models for marriage, femininity,masculinity, motherhood, father hood and all the other family roles. “ Each of us falls in love with a mate who has qualities of our parents, who will help us rediscover both the psychological happiness and miseries of our past lives. We may think we have found a man unlike Dad, but the he turns to drink or drugs, or lose his job over and over again, or sits silently in front of the TV just the way Dad did. A man many choose a woman who doesn’t like kids just like his mother, or who gambles ways the family saving just like his mother, or he may choose a slender wife who seems unlike his obese mother but hen turns out to have other addictions that destroy their mutual happiness. 4 A man and a woman bring to their marriage bed a blended concoction of conscious and unconscious memories of their parents’ lives together. The human way is to compulsively repeat and recreate the patterns of the past. Sigmund Freud so well described the unhappy design that many of us get trapped in: the unmet needs of childhood, the angry feelings left over from frustration of long ago, the limits of trust, and the reoccurrence of old fears. Once an individual senses this entrapment, there may follow a yearning to escape, and the result could be a broken, splintered marriage. 5 Of course people can overcome the habits and attitudes that developed in childhood. We all have hidden strengths and amazing capacities for growth and creative change. Change, however, requires work---observing your part in a rotten pattern, bringing difficulties out into the open--- and work runs counter to the basic myth of marriage: “When I wed this person all my problems will be over. I will have achieved success and I will become the center of life for this other person and this person will be my center, and we will mean everything to each other forever.” This myth, which every marriage relies on, is soon exposed. The coming of children, the pull and tugs of their demands on affection and time, place a considerable strain on that basic myth of meaning everything to each other, of merging together and solving all of life’s problems. 6 Concern and tension about money take each partner away from the other. Obligations to demanding parents or still-depended-upon parents create further strain. Couples today must also deal with all the cultural changes brought on in recent years by the women’s movement and the sexual revolution. The altering of roles and the shifting of responsibilities have been extremely trying for many marriages. 7 These and other realities of life erode the visions of marital bless the way sandstorms eat at rock and the ocean nibbles away at the dunes. Those euphoric, grand feelings that accompany romantic love are really self-delusions, self-hypnotic dreams that enable us to forge a relationship. Real life, failure at work, disappointments, exhaustion, bad smells, bad colds and hard times all puncture the dream and leave us stranded with our mate, with our childhood patterns pushing us this way and that, and with our unfulfilled expectations. 8 The struggle to survive in marriage requires adaptability, flexibility, genuine love and kindness, and an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling. Many marriages fall apart because either partner cannot imagine what the other wants or cannot communicated what he or she needs or feels. Anger builds until it erupts into a volcanic burst that buries the marriage in ash. 9 If we sense from our mate a need for too much intimacy, we tend to push him or her away, fearing that we may lose our identities in the merging of marriage. One partner may suffocate the other partner in a childlike dependency. A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn’t easy. Richard gives up his interest in carpentry because his wife, Helen, is jealous of the time he spends away from her. Karen quite the choir group because her husband dislikes the friends she makes there. Each pair clings to each other and is angry with each other as life closes in on them. This kind of marital balance is easily thrown as one or the other pulls away and divorce follows. 10 Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one’s fantasies, some of one’s legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. “While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds, “says Dr. Whitaker. Marriage requires sexual, financial, and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow themselves to stop growing or changing. 11 Divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be, despite its initial devastation, like the first cut of the surgeon’s knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partner can stay past the breaking-up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself. Notes Dr. Cart A. Whitaker: A pioneer therapist and emeritus professor of psychiatry at University of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin: A famous university in the state of Wisconsin, founder in 1848. It is one of the most excellent public universities in America and is recognized as national leader in teaching and research excellence. Sigmund Freud(1856-1939): An Austrian psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis of curing psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. The Interpretation of Dreams is one of his best-know works. New Words obsolete a. no longer used; out of date 过时的; 废弃的 peril n. serous danger(esp, of death) 严重危险(尤指死亡的) infertility n. the state of being unable to produce offspring; barrenness 不孕症,贫瘠 marital a. of a husband or wife; of marriage 婚姻的 turbulent a. in a state of commotion or unrest; disturbed 不安宁的; 动荡的stupefying a. dull or senseless 神志不清的; 失去知觉的; 麻木不仁的 therapist n. specialist in a particular type of therapy 治疗专家 emeritus a. ( of a university teacher, esp. a professor) retired, but keeping his title as an honor (指大学教师, 尤指教授) 退休而保留头衔的, 荣誉的 femininity n. properties characteristic of the female sex 女性气质masculinity n. properties characteristic of the male sex男性气质 obese a. ( of people) very fat 过度肥胖的 concoction n. a combination of various ingredients 混合 reoccurrence n. rehappening (事情的) 再次发生 entrapment n. being caught in a trap 陷入圈套;诱捕 yearning n. strong desire; tender loving 渴望, 热望 splintered a. breaking into pieces 裂成碎片的 merge v. come together and combine 合并 erode v. destroy or wear (sth) away gradually 侵蚀, 腐蚀 nibble v . take tiny bites of sth. 小口咬某物 dune n. mound of loose dry sand formed by the wind 沙丘 euphoric a. happy and excited 愉快的, 兴奋的 self-delusion n. the act of deceiving oneself, or the state of being so deceived 自欺 self-hypnotic a. of or producing a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion or a similar condition to oneself.自我催眠的strand v. leave in difficulties 陷入困境 unfulfilled a. not completed or achieved: dissatisfied 未实现的; 未得到满足的 erupt v. break out suddenly and violently 突然发生 volcanic a. (似)火山的, 来自火山的 shackle v. prevent sb. From acting or speaking freely 束缚(某人) salvation n. saving of a person’s soul form sin and its consequences; the state of being saved in this way 拯救, 超度 devastation n. the state of being destroyed 毁灭 imperfection n. a fault of defect 不完美 wondrous a. wonderful 令人惊奇的; 意想不到的; 极好的 Useful Expression be destined for have a future which has been decided or planned beforehand 命中注定, 注定; 预定 gamble away lose sth. by gambling 赌博输掉 counter to in the opposite direction to sth; in opposition to sth 与某事物的方向相反 bring on cause sth. ( usu. Unpleasant) to happen to oneself/sb. else 使(通常为不愉快的) 某事发生在自己(别人) 身上 fall apart break; fall to pieces; disintegrate 破裂, 破碎:散开 be jealous of be envious of 嫉妒的;羡慕的 cling to hold on tightly to sb./sth.紧抓住 close in on surround or envelop sb./sth 围绕或笼罩 Exercises Text Comprehension Read the text and answer the following questions. 1.How to you understand the two expressions “ Happily ever after” and “ Till death us do part” in paragraph 1? 2.What do broken marriages have in common? 3.In this text, Dr. Whitaker says, “ From early childhood on, each of us carried models for marriage, femininity, masculinity, motherhood, fatherhood and all the other family roles.” How do you understand his words? 4.According to Sigmund Freud, what leads to a broken, splintered marriages? 5.What is the myth on which every marriage relies according to the text? 6.What are listed as the trying cause of broken marriages? 7.What does the author mean by saying “The struggle to survive in marriage requires an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling”in paragraph 8? 8.What do you learn from the stories of Richard and Karen in paragraph 9? 9.According to paragraph 10, what is necessary for marriage success? 10.What is the author’s attitude towards divorce according to the last paragraph? Vocabulary Part A Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary wondrous peril emeritus yearning erode nibble strand erupt shackle salvation devastation imperfection 1. During the Gulf War, the Chinese Embassy helped Taiwanese labor service personnel _____________ in Kuwait pull out of dangerous places safely. 2. G.. Wilson Knight, ________ Professor at the University of Leeds, has had a long and prolific career as a critic. 3. While conventional wisdom holds that conflicts in a relationship slowly _______ the bonds that hold partners together, couples who are happy in the long term turn out to have plenty of conflicts, too. 4. She let her joyous eyes rest upon him without speaking, as upon some _________ thing she had created out of chaos. 5. She drew him toward her with all her might, seeking to know him in the depths of his heart, with a(n) _________________ to lose herself in him. 6. Many Americans have misunderstanding about China, believing it’s a closed country and that the people’s thinking is _________ . 7. Government loans have been the _________ of several shaky business companies. 8. Her teeth having all dropped out, Granny Li could only _______ away at her food. 9. If you aim at __________, there are some chances of your getting it; whereas if you aim at perfection, there is none. 10. Some of his peer were convinced that the early stage of the illness manifested themselves in graduate school, but the full-blown symptoms did not __________ until he was 50. Part B. Choose the word or phrase that is closed in meaning to the italicized part of each sentence. 1.It is becoming increasingly clear that an many as 80 percent of people who are obese are predisposed genetically. A thin B. fat C. crazy D lazy 2. The IT industry is developing so fast that an advanced computer program today may be obsolete next week. A. desired B. qualified C. outdated D. frightened 3. In such dry weather, if a forest fire cannot be extinguished, devastation is sure to ensure. A. destruction B. salvation C. association D. communication 4. I should like to put forward a proposal: merge the two firms into a big one. A. interrelate B. associate C. define D. combine 5. Utilization of the land which leaves it in an infertile condition is considered pollution. A. sterile B. rich C. productive D. destructive 6. Don’t cling to your old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwise you will always lag behind others. A. put forward to B. hold on to C. run to D. put up with 7. In modern society, the world’s transport systems would fall apart without a s supply of electricity. A. come up B. step up C. split up D. warm up 8. Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage---I was expected to be an actor. A. fated to be B. up to be C. made up for D. derived from 9. We don’t think he is a dependable person because he acted counter to his promise. A. similar to B. according to C. up to D. contrary to 10. In order to finish the task in time, he was out in the rain all and this brought on a bad cold. A. resulted from B. resulted in C. brought up D. gave up Cloze Read the following passage carefully and choose the best word or phrase given below to fill in each blank. Change the form where necessary tend strand tough bored conduct fulfilling affiliate reveal pressure condition ranging valid. A recent survey of women in 20 large and medium-sized cities across the country revealed that about half of the respondents were happy with their marriages and relationships, while nearly 30 percent said they were _________(1) and 3.4 percent they were in agony. 3 percent said they were worried about their relationships and 12 percent said they did not know how to describe their mixed feelings. The Huakun Women Survey Center, an ___________ (2) of the All-China Women’s Federation, ____________ (3) the survey of 2000 women aged between 20 and 60 at the end of last year. Altogether 1955 ________ (4) questionnaires were collected. The average age of the surveyed women was 35, and 70 percent were married. About 57 percent of the respondents had monthly incomes ________ (5) from 1000 yuan to 3000 yuan. Women in Shanghai seemed to have the most __________ (6) love lives, with more than 70 percent saying they felt happy. They were followed by women in Beijing, Qingdao, Ningbo and Tianjin in terms of fulfillment. The survey also _______ (7) that marriages _______ (8) to get less happy the longer they lasted. _________ (9) from work, problems with their children’s education and _________ (10) personal relationships were the main causes of tension, according to the results of survey. 11