小学语法学习笔记

代词（teachoneself自学/byoneself独自/foroneself为自己/enjoyoneself玩得愉快/makeoneselfathome像在自己家/helpyourself自行取用/saytooneself心里想/takecareofoneself保重）人称代词（强调做错事需要承担责任，可把I-我放物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词在第一位Whobrokethevase?Iandandy.）主格myselfwho宾格形容性名词性bothall+复数Iyourselfwhommemyminethisnone+可单可复数youhimselfwhoseyouyouryoursthatneither...nor+单数he/she/itherselfwhathim/her/ithis/her/itshis/hers/itseither...or+单数you,heandIitselfwhichwesome不可数youusouroursourselvesthese肯定句little/alittletheyyouyouryoursyoursevesthoseany可数we,youandthemtheirtheirsthemselves疑问句few/afewthey动词基本形式动词原形do/三单does/过去式did/过去分词done/现在分词doing实义动词连系动词助动词情态动词be是/get变得/can/could/make使/feel感觉/may/might/及物动词不及物动词become成为/do/be/have/will/must/dare/he(sends)meathesun(rises)inthelook看起来/shall/would/shouldneed/shall/rose.east.sound听起来/should/will/smell闻起来would/oughtto非谓语动词todo/doingto不to随坚决不用随意三姐动词不定式+doing头疼七兄弟便不定式妹主语一致的helpsbtosbtodoihavesthto太....而不能todo宾语从句to表目的时形+tododomakesbdo动词介词+doing+todolikesbnottodododotoo.....tohelpsbdowhentotolearnnicetoseetoosourtoforgetdoingforgettodowishtellletsbdokeepdoingbyhateleaveenglishyoueat忘记做过忘记去做rememberremembertodosorrytotootiredtohopeorderwhattodohearsbdominddoingofdoingtodobeginhomeworkhearthatwalk记住做过记得要去做stoptodowheretotocatchdifficulttostopdoingplanallowseesbdoenjoydoingat停止后去做livewormssolve停止做某事另一件事goondoinggoontodolearnteachfinishdoinginon继续做原来接着做另一做的事件事wantdoingpracticewanttodoagreewantwithabout需要……(表doing想要做示被动)needdoingfeellikeneedtodochooseaskberore需要被做doing需要做…(被动含义)can'thelptrydoingtrytododecideafterdoing试着做某事努力做某事refuseforfrom副词-表示时间/场所/状态以及程度的词事情发生的时间beforenowearly/地点位置hereupstairssomewhere/频率alwaysoftenonceever/程度muchveryalmostenough/方式quicklyloudlyhappilyangrily/特殊疑问词whenwhywherehow形容词+ly多个副词先后修饰形容词+形well-better-bestquick-quickly顺序容词badly-worse-as原asguiet-quietly程度-方式-地点(absolutely)+er/esworst...和...一样careful-carefully-时间righte结尾+r/stmuch-more-notso/as原as...sudden-suddenlyHeworked(very)修饰副词+副词most不如...(hard)(abroad)usual-usually(very)hardlittle-less-least(lastyear)辅y结尾,y变i+lylate-latefar-farther-多个时间或多farthestearly-early比较级than.../good-well个地点两个及以上音更远-最远high-high动词+修饰动词比...更...true-truly先小后大节far-further-fast-fastbe+副词最高级/terrible-terriblyHecomesfrom+more/mostfurthesthard-hard...最...(Beijing),(China).更进一步地-最hardly几乎不大程度上冠词anold/anhour/anhonest/anisland/anelephant/anowl/anumbrella/anm+aan不定冠词+the定冠词+零冠词alotofanumberof有the没有the差很远零定不定afewquiteafewinhospital住院inthehospital在医院/inprison坐牢intheprison在监狱Snakesareusefulanimals.alittleagreatmanyattable在吃饭atthetable在桌旁/gotosea当海员gotothesea去海边Thesnakeareusefulanimal.acoupleofgotoschool去上学gototheschool在学校Asnakesareusefulanimalamomentagohaveapartyhaveafeverbybus坐公车/bybike骑自行车/onfoot步行/inthecountry在乡下/inthemiddleof在...中间/intheend最终/haveagoodtimehaveatalkgotobed去睡觉/gotohospital去医院/inthesun在阳光下/inthefuture在未来/intheworld在世界上/havearesthavealookgotoschool去上学/gotomarket去市场/inthemorning在上午/inthedaytime在白天/inthebeginning开始/haveanicetriphaveacoldatfrist首先/atnoon在中午/catchfire着火/atthebackof在...的后面/atthebeginning开头/haveawalkinawordfacetoface面对面/handinhand手拉手/daybyday一天天/tellthetruth/bytheway顺便说一下/givealessonwaitaminutepenorpencil/scarforgloves(并列名词和有其他修饰词的名onthewayto去往...的路上/ontheleft在左边/thesameas和...相同/asaresult词）JS一类乐方M3惯形节日运动play124Atailorthe名字三餐数量一初次提到theonlythepoor(festivalplay7makes每一指高the序家月份季节独East唯一的穷人国名haveclothes.IhaveaSheis组成的节chess星期2yuanaopentheSouththeguitarthethe+MinbreakfastinAnowlcanyellowsittingonthesunthesameblinddeaf人名日前要加cardsonkilo.doorWestfattestviolinsecondtheKingsOctoberlunchwinterseeintheumbrella.achair.相同的地名the)footballMondayNorthrichdinnerdark.flute春节old城市volleydallNortheastpianosupper中秋basketball介词above在上方/below在下方时间方位over在正上方/under在across横过(平面)arrivein大-城市国家at点/on日/in剩下in里面/on接壤/to有距离正下方through穿过(立体)arriveat小-电影院on上面挨着/beneath下方挨着常见固搭常见固搭Iprefercoffeetotea常见固搭介词后+doingintheonthetree树上长的喜欢...不喜欢bycar/byplane/bytrain/begoodat/thankyouformorning/afternoon/eveninginthetree树上有Hewaspreferredtocaptain.byship/bybike/beinterestedinatnoon/night他被提升为队长。giveup/stopsb.fromleavefor出发去...不牢固加点修饰就换on不牢固加点修饰就换inEnglish用英语We'llleaveforGuangzhoubyplane.我们将乘飞机去广州。ontheafternoonofMayinmyfather'scarto+doInred穿红的SheleftLondonforNewYorkonacoldnightonhisbikeinahat戴帽子lastyear.她去年离开伦敦去了纽约。连词因果平行时间条件关系选择关系转折and和or或者if如果but但是because因为...both...and...和...都when当...的时候although/though尽管for因为...either...or...不是...就是assoonas一...就until直到since既然...neither...nor...既不...也不after在...之后not...until不...直到so所以，因此notonly...butalso...before在...之前such...that.../so...that...不仅...而且...如此...以至于。。。名词--表示人地点物品情感抽象概念等名称的词名词所有格---有生命的(结尾无s+'s结尾有s+')时间距离地点(结尾无s+'s结尾有s+')无生命的(名词+of+名词)俩人共有的在最后加一个's俩人各自有的各自+'s双重所有格（名词+of+名词性物主代词）普通名词---还可以分为个体名词集体名词专有名词-独一无二集体名词分(可单可复classarmyteamfamily)（永远复数peoplepolicecattleclothes)一般不加冠词首字母大写不可数名词没有复数形式可以与the可数名词somemanyalotofanumberagreatmanyplentyof连用somemuch日子alittlealotof人名地名机构或abitofplentyof组织Decemb姚明亚洲AsiaerYao中国联合国MinbgChinathe春节复数---------(FO结尾事真多特殊变化要注意国人复数不难记合成复数有玄机）牛顿北京UnitedSpring国人复数（中日人民一致的英法联军a改e其他国人加s重点防范德国人）物质bread抽象airNewtonBeijingNations单数butterloveadviceFestival变f/fe为v+es(妻子持刀去宰狼小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光）honeyriceinteresto结尾+es（黑人英雄喜欢吃蚊子害怕土豆，西红柿，芒果）不液体milkwan材料肉类复合名表示一个woman复合名一般+s二般+esmetalgoldfish词复数aanchildchicken词复数mousefootsilver复合名后一个复合名词cotton第一个复数tooth词变变两个都变aten-grown-daughtemen单数复数year-oldupsdoctors单复同形f或fe永远复数表示单数rs-in-law差很远或boyfishffeoscissorsnews成人们男医生们glasspaper辅音+y变为vodeerth元音+yscarfszerossxchshtrousersmaths儿媳妇goodtimezeroessheep变y为iscarvescompassesphysics们applework围巾Chinese围巾sunglassespoliticstreescustom情态动词canmusthavetocoughtmayhadwillshouldoughttoneeddare必须不得不能/会/建mightbetter议don'tcan't实义动词实义动词实义动词needn'tmustn'tshouldhad情态动词havetocannotcan'twon't（肯、否、（肯、否、（肯、否、不必禁止notbetternot（否、疑）不必不能疑）疑）疑）mustbeshouldbemaybecan'tcouldn'tcoughtbemightbe一定很可能可能不可能时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时主语+主语+主语+主语+主语+主语+am/is/arewas/wereshall/willam/is/are+doingwas/were+doinghave/has+done主语+主语+begoingto+动词原形动词动词过去式动词原形三单过去某一时刻正在发生经常性、习惯性的动作过去某时间发生的说话此刻正在发生或进或进行的在过去发生并已结束动普遍真理、科学事实、过去一段时间内经常发将来某个时间要发生的行的作，对现在的影响过去某段时间或阶段内格言生的（此时常与副词计划、安排打算要做现阶段正在进行的一直在进行的，说话时从过去某时一直延续到often/usually/always连用)按预先计划、安排好将最近按计划、安排要进不一定在进行现在，也许还会延续下要发生的动作行的去与when引导的从句yesterday/justnow/now/atpresent/already/almost/ever/often/always/everyday/tomorrow/nextweek/atthattime/thistime/lastmonth/lastyear/thisweek/never/just/yet/usually/sometimes/nextmonth/nextyear/at6o'clock/lastnight/often/onceuponatime/thisSunday/thesedaysrecently/still/twice/seldom/neversoon/inthefuturelastyear/thenanhouragolook/listenthesedays/since/for数词基数词序数词分数小数百分数年月日时刻0-12基变序，有first分子-基数词one-third1949-halr13-19规律，一二secondnineteen分母-序数词twothirdsaquarterto20-99三，个别记thirdforty-nineforty-fourth从四起，八加-h，eighth小数点6.181905-twohundredandpast九去-eninthpointsixpointoneeightnineteenofivethirty-twotwelvehundred百thousand千ve要用-f替，以y结twelfth百分号totwentypercentjuly7th,1997milloion百万billion尾变-ietwentypercent十亿twentiethhundredsof＋and/plusthirty-secondthousandsof几十几，几百几，－minusfivehundredandmilloionsof首词不变尾变序×sixty-secondtimesbillionsof÷dividedby形容词-表示人或物的性质/状态/特征的词高矮胖瘦大小快慢好坏美丑新旧红绿修饰名词或代词good/well名词前better-best简单形容词+er/esas原as...和...一样a(red)boxbad/ill-worse-worstgreene结尾+r/stnotso/as原as...不如...my(favorite)coffeemany/muchmore-mostold-older-oldest(年龄大小)比较级than.../比...更...系动词后old-elder-eldest(长幼关系)重读辅元辅双写尾字母比较级and比较级/...越来复合形容词amisarefeelturn之后far-farther-farthest+er/est越...light-greenTheleavesturn(yellow)in更远的-最远的辅y结尾y变i+er/estthe比较级...,the比较级.../autumnfar-further-furthest越...就越....更进一步的-最大程度的不定代词后little少量的，小的the最高级...最...两个及以上音节+more/theless较少的，较小的Hewantstodosomethingmostoneofthe最高级/是...中最...(different).least最少的，最小的之一