专升本语法专题7 非谓语动词

非谓语动词一、谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词→在句子中作谓语的动词。1)Youngpeopleoftenhikeandtheyenjoyhikingverymuch.2)Rose,whoisanattractivegirl,worksinafactoryandnowsheisworkinganewmachine.非谓语动词→在句子里不能作谓语的动词。二、非谓语动词是什么样子呢？它以三种形式出现：1.todo2.-ving3.–ved三、非谓语动词是动词吗？能充当其他成分吗？是动词→所以有时态、语态的区别1)Hetriedtoworkouttheproblem.2)Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3)ThetowerbeingrepairedwasputupintheTangDynasty.四、n,adj,adv→n(主、、宾),adj(定),adv(状)Toseeistobelieve.Sayingiseasierthandoing.Heloathedgettingupearlyinthemorning.Heisapromisingyoungman.Seeingacarcoming,theysteppedaside.考点透析一、作主语或表语Tohesitatemeansfailure.Tothinkofyoumakesmeold.Toknowoneselfisdifficult.Toerrishuman.Totalktoheristotalktoawall.Toloveistobeloved.Toseeheristoloveher.Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.Peterwastoperishinacarcrashandtoleaveawifeand6children.考点一（一）真正主语todo被置于句末，用it放在句首充当形式主语。Tospendyourvacationattheseasideisquitepleasure.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodnurse.IttakesSusan2hourstodressherselfupeachday.考点一1.Itis/was+adj+of/forsb+todoItwasthoughtful______hertocometoseemewhenIwasill.Itwasnasty______Jimtobehavelikethat.Itisimportant______ustounderstandthepoint.Itisfoolish______hertobuythepicture.考点一2.Itis+n+todoN→apity,apleasure,one’sduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,etc.Itisapitytogowithouther.Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.考点二（二）-ving作真正的主语，it为形式主语。结构为：Itis+n/adj+doingsthN→nogood,nouse,nopoint,nosense,noharm,awasteoftimeetc.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisnogoodobjecting.ItisgoodplayingChinesechessaftersupper.考点三（三）todo与–ving(n)作主语和表语时的区别Sendingane-mailisquitecommontoday.Tosendane-mailismytaskthisafternoon.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Mytoday’sjobistoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.考点透析二、作宾语常用todo作宾语的词有afford、attempt、continue、dare、decide、decline、endeavor、hesitate、hope、intend、prepare、pretend、tend、venture、want、volunteer等。Ican’taffordtoliveinadetachedhouse.Peterfailedtopassthefinalexam.考点一（一）用it作形式宾语，真正宾语todo常用该结构的动词有：find、feel、believe、make、consider等。Ifounditinterestingtoplaysnooker.Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?考点二（二）作but/except的宾语，注意要不要to。Thereisnochoicebuttowaitandsee.HedidnothingbutplayPCgameseveryday.考点三（三）中，有的动词或词组后面必须+doing形式，不能接todo。如：avoid、admit、advocate、enjoy、feellike、escape、risk、havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doing、can’thelpdoingsth等。Thegirlavoidgivingheranypersonalinfo.Doyoufeellikegoingtothemovie?Wehaddifficultyincarryingouttheplan.考点四（四）to是不定式？还是介词？be/getused/accustomedtodoing、beopposedto、devoteoneselfto、getdownto、lookforwardto、objectto、stickto、taketo等。Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.Myuncletooktosmokingyearsago.考点透析三、作宾补结构为：v+sb+todo。常见的动词有：advise、ask、compel、direct、enable、expect、force、tell、want、urge、persuade等。Tellthekidsnottoplayonthestreet.Helikeshiswifetodresswell.高频考点使役动词+sb+dosth感官动词+sb+do/doingWemusthavesomeonerepairthecomputer.Shesmellsthburningandsawsmokerising.Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she’llbefurious.Isawhimswimintheriveryesterday.Isawhimswimmingintheriveryesterday.考点透析四、作定语todo作定语需要后置。sthtoeatwatertodrinkThereisnoneedtowakehimup.Didyouhaveaproperreasontosayso?Shewastheonlypersontogetascholarship.考点一如果todo和它前面的修饰词是动宾关系，不定式是vi，或是工作对象、工具等，这时不定式后需要相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolive__.Pleasegivemeaknifetocut__.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbooks__.Hehasakidtotakecare__.Shecanfindnoonetomakefriends__.Helentmeabooktokilltime__.考点透析五、作状语1、表目的Weeattolive.Tosavethechild,helaiddownhislife.Hurryupsoasnottobelatefortheclass.2、表结果（learn、find、see、hearetc.）Hesurvivedthecrashonlytodieinthedesert.Hestudiedhardonlytofail.Theypartednevertoseeeachother.考点透析六、-ving(adj)/-ved1、区别：现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动。现在分词表进行；过去分词表完成。atouching/movingstoryatouched/movedaudiencetherisingsun/acharminggirltherisensun/acharmedgirlthechangingworld/developingcountriesthechangedworld/developedcountries考点透析2、功能1）作表语Themusicispleasingtotheear.Hebecamediscouraged.Hegotpromoted.Thenewswasdisappointing.考点透析2）作宾补Shesmeltsthburn.He’shappytoseeheroldmothertakegoodcareofathome.Iwantthiswatchrepairatonce.考点透析3）作定语a）单个分词作定语前置。Boilingwater,agrown-updaughter,anescapedprisonerb）分词短语作定语要后置Isawagroupofstudentsreturnfromtheschool.MostoftheyoungteachersworkinthisuniversityarePh.D.Doyouknowthegirlemploybythiscompany?SuddenlyJohnsawalittlegirlrunuptohim.Thebook,completeinMay,sellswell.考点透析注意：-ving的时态和否定一般式doing动作同时或者几乎同时完成式havingdone动作一先一后否定式notdoing/havingdoneShesattherereadingthebook.Goingintotheroom,heshutthedoor.HavinglivedinHefeiformanyyears,Iknewthecitywell.Notknowingwheretogo,shewenttothepoliceforhelp.考点透析七、自己带主语的分词结构→独立主格结构1.Weatherpermit,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.Lunchfinish,theguestswentouttothelounge.Wedividedthework,shetocleanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutside.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.考点透析2.withstructurewith+n+-ving,-ved,adj,adv,todo,prep.Witheverythingconsider,weallthinkthisisaverygoodplan.Hefellasleepwiththelampburn.Sheenteredthetrainstation,withabaginhand.考点透析3.therebeing/itbeing…Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.Itbeingimpossibleformoststudentstohandintheirpapers,theteacherdecidedtogivethemanothertwodays.