工程机械之装载机的英语翻译

工程机械之装载机的英语翻译（总54页）本页仅作预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页--工程机械之装载机的英语翻译Unit8Loaders装载机Overview概述BasicConcept基本概念Aloaderisatypeofconstructionequipment(engineeringvehicle)machinerythatisprimarilyusedto"load"materialintoanothertypeofmachinery(dumptruck,conveyorbelt,rail-car,etc.).Loadersareusedmainlyforuploadingmaterialsintotrucks,layingpipe,clearingrubble,anddigging.Aloaderisnotthemostefficientmachinefordiggingasitcannotdigverydeepbelowthelevelofitswheels,likeabackhoecan.Theirdeepbucketcanusuallystoreabout3-6cubicmetersofearth.Thefrontloader'sbucketcapacityismuchbiggerthanabucketcapacityofabackhoeloader.Loadersarenotclassifiedasearthmovingmachinery,astheirprimarypurposeisotherthanearthmoving.装载机是一种主要用于向另一种机械(自卸车、输送皮带、铁路运输车辆等)“装载”物料的建设机械(工程车辆)设备。装载机主要用于向卡车装载物料，以及铺设管道、清理碎石和挖土等工作。作为挖土作业装载机不是最有效的机械，与挖掘机不同，装载机不适用于轮胎支承面以下较深处的挖掘作业。装载机的深底铲斗一般可装载3〜6立方米的土壤。铲斗前置装载机的斗容量远大于挖掘装载机的斗容量。装载机不属于铲土运输机械，因其主要用途并非土方运输。Unlikemostbulldozers,mostloadersarewheeledandnottracked,althoughtrackloadersarecommon.Theyaresuccessfulwheresharpedgedmaterialsinconstructiondebriswoulddamagerubberwheels,orwherethegroundissoftandmuddy.Wheelsprovidebettermobilityandspeedanddonotdamagepavedroadsasmuchastracks,butprovidelesstraction.尽管履带式装载机是普遍的，但与大多数推土机不同，大多数装载机是轮式的而并非履带式。履带式装载机适用于棱角锐利的建筑会破坏橡胶轮胎的场合，或者在松软泥泞道路上的作业。轮式装载机具有良好的机动性和较高的工作速度，并且不像履带那样破坏铺装路面，但其所能提供的牵引力较小。Unlikestandardtractorsfittedwithafrontbucket,manylargeloadersdonotuseautomotivesteeringmechanisms.Instead,theysteerbyahydraulicallyactuatedpivotpointsetexactlybetweenthefrontandrearaxles.Thisisreferredtoas""articulatedsteering"andallowsthefrontaxletobesolid,allowingittocarrygreaterweight.Articulatedsteeringprovidesbettermaneuverabilityforagivenwheelbase.Sincethefrontwheelsandattachmentrotateonthesameaxis,theoperatorisableto""steer"hisloadinanarcafterpositioningthemachine,whichcanbeuseful.与安装前置铲斗的拖拉机不同，许多大型装载机不使用汽车转向机构。取而代之，它们通过液压驱动的安装于前、后桥之间的转向铰接装置转向。这种转向称为“铰接转向”，它可使前桥固定，并使其承受更大的重量。对于一定的轴距铰接转向提供了较好的机动性。由于前轮与工作装置绕同一车轴旋转，驾驶员在使机械定位后可使铲斗沿弧线“转向”，这一点是实用的。Theloaderassemblymaybearemovableattachmentorpermanentlymounted.Oftenthebucketcanbereplacedwithotherdevicesortools--forexample,manycanmountforkstoliftheavypalletsorshippingcontainers,andahydraulically-opening"clamshell"bucketallowsaloadertoactasalightdozerorscraper.装载机的工作装置可以是更换式的或者是固定安装。铲斗常常可用其它装置或工具更换，例如，许多装载机可以安装叉车工装提升重型货物或者装运集装箱，装备液压开启式“蛤壳”型铲斗可以使装载机像推土机或铲运机一样作业。Inconstructionareasloadersarealsousedtotransportbuildingmaterials-suchasbricks,pipe,metalbars,anddiggingtools-overshortarealsousedforsnowremoval,usingtheirbucketorasnowbasket,butusuallyusingasnowplowattachment.Theyclearsnowfromstreets,highwaysandparkinglots.Theysometimesloadsnowintodumptrucksfortransport.在各种建筑工地上装载机也经常用来近距离转运建筑材料，例如砖块、管材、钢筋、各种挖掘工具等。借助铲斗或除雪铲，装载机也用于除雪作业，但通常使用除雪装置。它们用来清除街道、公路和停车场上的积雪。有时用装载机将积雪装载到自卸车上进行运输。Frontloadersgainedpopularityduringthelasttwodecades,especiallyinurbanengineeringprojectsandsmallearthmovingworks.Manyengineeringvehiclemanufacturersofferawiderangeofloaders,themostnotablearethoseofJohnDeere,Caterpillar,Case,Volvo,KomatsuandLiebherr.近20年来，特别是在城市建设工程和小型土方运输工程中，装载机获得了普遍的应用。许多工程车辆制造商可生产多种类型的装载机，其中最知名的有约翰迪尔、卡特彼勒、凯斯、沃尔沃、小松和利勃海尔等品牌。Applications应用789101112loadingmaterials装载材料；2.earthmoving铲土运输；3.forestryengineering林业工程；4.snowremoving除雪作业；5.undergroundwork井下作业；6.loadingandunloading装卸货物；7.pipelaying铺设管道；8.maintainpavement维修路面；9.landclearing场地清理；10.gardenwork园林工作；11.rollingcompaction碾压路面；12.tunnelconstruction隧道作业Types类型12346578910minitypeloader微型装载机；typewheelloader小型轮式装载机；typewheelloader中型轮式装载机；typewheelloader大型轮式装载机；5.track-typeloader履带式装载机；6.skidsteerloader滑移转向装载机；7.undergroundminingloader井下作业装载机；8.multiterrainloader多功能装载机；9.wheelbackhoeloader轮式挖掘装载机；10.sidedumpingloader侧卸式装载机ComponentsandFeatures组成与特点Components组成BasicComponents基本部件1.bucket铲斗；2.frontaxle前桥；console仪表盘；4.cabandoperatingsystem驾驶室及操作系统；andtransmissionsystem发动机及传动系统；6.enginehood发动机罩；7.counterweight配重；8.rearaxle后桥；frame后机架；10.electricalsystem电气系统；11.frontframe前机架；12.mudguard挡泥板；13.boom动臂；14.rockerarmcylinder摇臂油缸；15.connectingrod连杆;16.rockerarm摇臂；17.boomcylinder动臂油缸；18.frame机架HydromechanicalTransmissionSystem液力机械传动系统-发动机；2.torqueconverter液力变矩器；3.powershiftingtransmissionbox动力换档变速箱；4.frontaxle前桥；5.Caliperdiscbrake钳盘式制动器；6.wheel车轮；7.parkingbrake驻车制动器；8.rearaxle后桥；9.gearshiftpump变速油泵；10.steeringpump转向油泵；11.operationalpump工作油泵；12.wheelreductor轮边减速器TransmissionSystemArrangement传动系统布置1.engine发动机；2.torqueconverter液力变矩器；3.powershifttransmissionbox动力换档变速箱；4.rearframe后机架；5.frontframe前机架；6.frontaxle前桥；7.transmissionshaft传动轴；8.rearaxle后桥TorqueConverter液力变矩器1.flywheel飞轮；2、4、7、11、17、19.bearing轴承；3.torqueconverterrotationhousing变矩器旋转壳体；5.elasticplate弹性板；6.firstturbine第一涡轮；8.secondturbine第二涡轮;9.stator导轮；10.pumpimpeller泵轮；12.gear齿轮；13.statorshaft导轮轴；14.secondturbineshaft第二涡轮轴；15.firstturbineshaft第一涡轮轴；16.spacerring隔离环；18.one-wayclutchgear单向离合器齿轮；20.one-wayclutchroller单向离合器滚柱PerformanceCharacteristic工作特性Hydro-mechanicalSeriesDrive液压机械组合传动]T□diftArsntials输入差鞭1.engine发动机；2.pistonpump柱塞液压泵；3.lowspeedpistonmotor低速柱塞马达；peedpistonmotor高速柱塞马达；5.transfercase分动箱HystatPowerTrainSystem静液传动系统1.Neutral-startparkingbrakelever空档启动停车制动手柄；2.Trackmotors履带驱动马达；3.Hystatpumpshoses液压泵；4.Hydraulicoilcooler液压油冷却器；5.Servicebrakes行车制动器；6.hoses液压软管；7.Wet,multi-discparkingbrakes湿式、多片停车制动器；8.Doublereductionplanetaryfinaldrives双级行星减速最终驱动装置；9.hydraulicfilters液压滤清器OperatorStationofTrackLoader履带式装载机驾驶员操作台1.Neutral-startparkingbrakelever空档启动停车制动手柄；2.Trackmotors履带驱动马达；3.Hystatpumpshoses液压泵；4.Hydraulicoilcooler液压油冷却器；5.Servicebrakes行车制动器；6.hoses液压软管；7.Wet,multi-discparkingbrakes湿式、多片停车制动器；8.Doublereductionplanetaryfinaldrives双级行星减速最终驱动装置；9.hydraulicfilters液压滤清器StandardEquipmentSpecifications标准装置规格类型与性能参数1.Engine发动机：Type:Water-cooled,4-strokecycle类型：水冷，四冲程循环；Aspiration:Turbocharged充气形式：涡轮增压；Numberofcylinders气缸数；Borexstroke缸径x冲程；Pistondisplacement气缸排量：Governor:Mechanical,all-speedcontrol调速器：机械式，全程调速；Horsepowerrating@2400rpm(SAEJ1349)功率/2400rpm(SAE标准：J1349)；Grosshorsepower总功率；Nethorsepower净功率；MeetsEPAemissionsregulations符合EPA排放；Fuelsystem:Directinjection供油系：直喷式；Lubricationsystem润滑系：Method:Gearpump,force-lubrication方式：齿轮泵，压力润滑；Filter:Full-flow滤清器：全流量；Aircleaner:Dry-typewithdoubleelementsanddustevacuator,plusdustindicator空气滤清器：干式，双芯、排尘器、灰尘指示器配Transmission传动装置：Torqueconverter:3-element,single-stage,singlephase变矩器：三元件，单级，单相；Transmission.:Fullpowershift,countershaft,automatic变速器：动力换档，副传动，自动型AxlesandFinalDrives驱动桥与终传动：Drivesystem:Four-wheeldrive传动系统：四轮驱动；Front:Fixed,semi-floating前桥：固定式，半浮动轴；Rear:Center-pinsupport,semi-floating,24°totaloscillation后桥：中心铰支承，半浮动轴，总摆动角24°；Reductiongear:Spiralbevelgear减速齿轮：螺旋伞齿轮；Differentialgear:Torqueproportioning差速齿轮：转矩比例配合；Finalreductiongear:Planetarygear,singlereduction终减速齿轮：行星齿轮，单级减速Brakes制动器：Servicebrakes:Hydraulically-actuated,wetdiscbrakesactuateonfourwheels行车制动器：液压驱动，四车轮湿式盘式制动；Parkingbrake:Wet,multi-discbrakeontransmissionoutputshaft驻车制动器：变速箱输出轴湿式多片制动SteeringSystem转向系：Type:Articulatedtype,full-hydraulicpowersteering类型：铰接式，全液压动力转向；Steeringangle:40°eachdirection转向角：各个方向40°；Minimumturningradiusatthecenterofoutsidetire外轮中心最小转弯半径BoomandBucket动臂和铲斗：Z-barloaderlinkageisdesignedformaximumrigidityandofferspowerfulbreakout.Z型连杆提供了最大的刚性和强大的破坏力。Rap-outloaderlinkagedesignenablesshockdumpingforremovingstickymaterials.敲打型连杆设计提供了粘性材料的振动装卸。Sealedloaderlinkagepinswithdustsealsextendgreasingintervals.防尘密封式连干销延长了润滑间隔时间。Thebucketismadeofhigh-tensilestrengthsteel.铲斗由高抗拉强度钢制做。BucketControls铲斗控制：TheuseofaPPChydrauliccontrolvalveofferslighteroperatingeffortfortheworkequipmentcontrollevers.应用液压程序控制阀使工作装置操纵杆操作轻便。Thereductionintheleverforceandtravelmakesiteasytooperateintheworkenvi-ronment.操纵杆作用力和行程的减小使工作装置的操作变得容易。Controlpositions位置控制：Boom:Raise,hold,lower,andfloat动臂：提升，保持，下降，浮动；Bucket:Rollback,hold,anddump铲斗：后倾翻，保持，倾卸HydraulicSystem液压系统：Capacity(dischargeflow)engine-ratedrpm发动机额定转速容量(流量)：Loaderpump装载机液压泵；Steeringpump转向泵；Pilotpump(Gear-typepumps)引导泵(齿轮泵)；Reliefvalvesetting安全阀设定压力；Controlvalve:2-spoolopencentertype控制阀：双阀芯开式中心型；Hydrauliccylinders:Double-acting,piston液压缸：双作用，活塞；Hydrauliccycletime(ratedloadinbucket):Raise，Dump，Lower(empty)，Totalcycletime液压循环时间：提升时间，倾卸时间，下降时间，总循环时间Dimensions尺寸规格WheelLoader轮式装载机1.HeighttotopofROPS倾翻保护驾驶室顶部高度；2.Heighttotopofexhaustpipe发动机排气管道顶部高度；3.Heighttotopofhood机罩顶部高度；4.GroundClearance离地间隙；5.B-Pinheightatmax.height最大铲斗铰点高度；6.Centerlineofrearaxletoedgeofcounterweight后轴至配重边沿中心距；7.Wheelbase轴距；8.B-Pinheightatcarryposition铲斗铰点运输高度；9.Centerlineofrearaxletohitch后轴至车架铰销轴中心距；10.Rackbackatmaximumlift最大提升高度铲斗后倾角；11.Dumpangleatmaximumlift最大提升高度铲斗卸载角；12.Rackbackatcarryposition铲斗运输位置后倾角；13.Rackbackatground铲斗地面位置后倾角；14.Heighttocenterlineofaxle中心轴线高度;15.Bucketreach卸载距离；16.Dumpclearanceat45°fullheight卸载角45°时的最大卸载高度Track-TypeLoader履带式装载机1.Overallmachinewidthwithbucket机械总宽度（包括铲斗）；2.Overallmachinewidthwithoutbucket机械总宽度（不包括铲斗）；heighttotopofcab机械驾驶室顶部高度；tofrontoftrack履带长度；machinelength机械总长度；Depth铲掘深度；rollbackatcarryposition运输位置最大后倾角；atfullliftheight最大高度卸载距离；specifieddumpangle标准卸载角；rollback,fullyraised最大提升高度时的最大后倾角；clearanceatfullheightand45°discharge最大高度45°卸载角时的卸载高度；tobuckethingepin铲斗铰销高度；machineheight,bucketfullyraised铲斗最大提升高度时的机械最大高度。BucketFeatures铲斗特点1.Edgesteelwithextrahardenedandtoughenedwearplatesofupto500Brinellgivesthebucketlongeroperatinglife.铲斗棱边为超硬耐磨钢板，布氏硬度达到500,具有较长的使用寿命。shellandsideplatesofupto400Brinelltowithstandabrasivewear.Reinforcedmountingpointswheretheattachmentisinstalledgivelesswear.铲斗壳体与侧板的布氏硬度达400,以抵抗磨料磨损。经强化处理的附件安装铰点减少了磨损。cuttingedgesofabrasive-resistantsteelofupto500Brinell.Replaceableboltonwearplatesonbucketfloor,500Brinell.铲斗切削刀刃为抗磨料磨损钢材，布氏硬度达500。铲斗底板上安装有耐磨衬板，由螺栓紧固可更换，布氏硬度为500。edgesaversandsegmentsprotectthecuttingedgefromunnecessarywear.螺栓紧固的边缘节省块和分段防止了切削刃的不必要磨损。ToothSystemwithbolt-onorweld-onadaptersofupto515Brinellgivesexcellentpenetrationandlessbucketwear.沃尔沃斗齿系统配备有螺栓紧固型或焊接型连接器，布氏硬度达515,具有最佳的插入深度和较小的磨损。Skid-steerLoaderFeatures滑移装载机特点Theround-backbucketdesignisstrongerwithnoangledcorners.Thisconfigurationmakesiteasiertofillanddump—improvingproductivity.圆弧底铲斗设计更加坚固，没有死角。这种结构使铲斗更加容易装载和倾卸物料，从而提高了生产率。TheROPS/FOPSstructureprotectsandshieldstheoperator.防倾翻/防落物驾驶室结构保护了驾驶员的安全。Atotaloffourexteriorlightshelptoilluminateanyjobsitedayornight.四个外部照明灯设置可在白天或夜晚照亮施工现场。Asafetysystemlockslift,tiltanddrivesystemswhentheoperatorleavestheseat,raisestheseatbar,orturnsofftheignitionswitch.Thebrakesarewet-typemultiplediscsthatrequirenomaintenance.当驾驶员离开座椅、提起座椅横杆或者关闭启动开关时，安全系统将锁定提升、倾翻和驱动系统。Heavy-dutytiresarestandard—matchingthedurabilityoftheskid-steer.使用重型标准轮胎，适应滑移转向的耐久性要求。Theruggedall-weldedunitizedframeisconstructedof.375-inchgaugesteelforyearsofproductivity.Stepbushingsareplacedinallkeypivotareastoincreasestrengthandreducestress.全焊接整体车架由英寸工具钢建造，坚固耐用，满足长期生产能力要求。重要枢轴均采用阶梯衬套，以便增加强度和减小应力。Awiderwheelbaseprovidesforasmoothrideandmorebalanceforstabilitywithheavierloads.A9-inchgroundclearanceallowseasymaneuverabilitythroughmudandotherterrain.较宽的轴距保证了平稳行驶，重载作业更加稳定。Hydrauliclinesareprotectedwithintheloaderarm.液压管路设置于装载机动臂内部受到保护。Mustangfeaturesaself-levelingverticallift.野马牌装载机的特点是具有自找平垂直提升特性。Theadvancedhydraulicsystemaffordslongerserviceintervalsandcomeswithasightglassforquickandeasyfluidlevelinspections.先进的液压系统可提供较长的工作时间，并配置了玻璃液面计，以便于检查液压油面高度。Adrop-downstepmakesitconvenienttocheckengineandmaintenancepoints.下落式台阶设置便于发动机和保养点的检查WorkingAttachments工作附件BucketType铲斗类型123456noserockbucket中凸式石料铲斗；2.straightedgerockbucketwithteeth直边有齿石料铲斗；purposebucketwithteeth通用有齿铲斗；purposebucketwithbolt-on-edges螺栓紧固边刃通用铲斗；materialbucketwithbolt-onedges螺栓紧固边刃轻质材料铲斗；6.Log/Sortinggrapples木材堆放抓斗WorkingAttachmentsofSkid-steerLoader滑移装载机工作附件12345678109111213141.ColdPlaner冷铣刨；2.PalletFork货叉；3.HydraulicBreakers液压破碎锤；4.AngleBrooms转角清扫滚刷；5.GeneralPurposePick-UpBroom通用收集式清扫；6.BrushGrappleBucket刷式抓斗；7.ForkedScrapGrappleBucket叉式杂物抓斗；8.PowerRake动力耙；9.HeavyDutyScrapGrappleBucket重型杂物抓斗；10.RockBucket石料铲斗；11.StumpGrinder树根粉碎机；12.SnowBlower转子除雪机；13.SnowBlade除雪铲；14.VibratoryRoller振动碾NewTechnologyofWheelLoader轮式装载机新技术Introduction简介Komatsu-integrateddesignoffersthebestvalue,reliability,andversatility.Hydraulics,powertrain,frame,andallothermajorcomponentsareengineeredbyKomatsu.Yougetamachinewhosecomponentsaredesignedtoworktogetherforhigherproduction,greaterreliability,andmoreversatility.Komatsu’shighlyproductive,innovativetechnology,environmentallyfriendlymachinesbuiltforthe21stcentury.小松集成设计可获得最大的价值、最高的可靠性与多功能性。液压系统、传动装置、机架等主要部件均由小松制造。机械部件通过设计使其共同协调工作，以获得更大的生产能力、更高的可靠性和更多的功能。小松的高生产率、技术创新与环境友好型机械产品为21世纪而制造。HighProductivityandLowFuelConsumption高生产率与低燃料消耗1.TwoModeEnginePowerSelectSystem双模式发动机功率选择系统Thiswheelloaderofferstwoselectableengineoperatingmodes—NormalandPower.Theoperatorcanadjustthemachine’sengineperformancetomatchtheconditionrequirements.Thissystemiscontrolledwithadialontherightsidecontrolpanel.本轮式装载机设置了两个可选发动机工作模式一一正常与动力工作模式。驾驶员可以调节机器发动机特性，使其与工况要求相匹配。这一调节系统用右控制台上的旋钮进行控制。NormalMode:providesmaximumfuelefficiencyformostgeneralloadingconditions.正常工作模式：在大多数负载条件下提供最大的燃油效率。PowerMode:providesmaximumpoweroutputforharddiggingconditionsorhillclimboperations.动力工作模式：在坚硬土壤挖掘条件下或在爬坡行驶时提供最大的动力输出。TransmissionwithFourModeSelectSystem四工作模式自动变速箱Thisoperatorcontrolledsystemallowstheselectionofmanualshiftingorthreelevelsofautomaticshiftingmodes(low,medium,andhigh).Theoperatorcanmatchthemachine’soperatingrequirementswithoptimumperformanceefficiency.Thissystemiscontrolledwithadialontherightsideofthecontrolpanel.这一由驾驶员控制的系统允许其进行人力换挡或三级（低、中、高）自动换挡模式选择。驾驶员能够使作业要求与最佳性能相匹配。这一系统由控制台上右边的旋钮进行控制。（1）Manual:Thetransmissionisfixedtothegearspeedandselectedwiththegearshiftlever.人力换挡模式：变速箱齿轮速度固定并通过变速杆进行选择。（2）AutoLow:Lowmodeprovidessmoothgearshiftingatlowenginespeedssuitableforgeneralexcavatingandloadingwhileofferingreducedfuelconsumption.自动低档模式：抵挡模式保证发动机低速工况下的平稳换挡，适用于普通铲装作业，具有较低的燃油消耗。（3）AutoMedium:Mediummodeprovidesgearshiftingatmid-rangeenginespeedsrequiredformoreaggressiveconditions.自动中档模式：提供发动机中速范围换挡操作，适用于更加主动的作业工况。（4）AutoHigh:Highmodeprovidesmaximumrimpullandfastcycletimesbyshiftingthetransmissionathighenginespeeds.Thismodeissuitableforhill-climbandloadandcarryoperations.自动高档模式：提供发动机高速工况下的换挡操作，可产生最大的铲掘力与快速的作业循环。这一模式适用于爬坡、铲装与转运的循环作业。HydraulicSystem双速液压系统Komatsu’sautomaticdual-speedhydraulicsystemincreasesoperationalefficiencyandproductivitybymatchingthehydraulicdemandstotheworkconditions.小松自动双速液压系统通过使液压需求与工况相匹配提高了作业效率和生产率（1）DiggingOperations铲装作业LoaderDump掂载机主泵Enginepowerusedtooperatetheswitchpumpistransferredtothetransmissiontoprovideincreasedrimpullwhendigging.铲装作业时，用来驱动转换泵的发动机功率输入变速箱以增加铲掘力。（2）LiftingOperations提升作业Theswitchpumpassiststheloaderpumptoprovideincreasedliftingspeedandpowerwhenliftingandloading.提升装载作业时，转换泵辅助装载机主泵以增加提升速度和功率。IncreasedReliability提高可靠性1.KomatsuComponents小松部件torqueconverter变矩器engine发动机iansmissiN)Irontaxle变速箱rearaxle后桥Komatsumanufacturestheengine,torqueconverter,transmission,hydraulicunits,andelectricalpartsonthiswheelloader.Komatsuloadersaremanufacturedwithanintegratedproductionsystemunderastrictqualitycontrolsystem.该轮式装载机上小松制造了发动机、变矩器、液压装置和电器元件。小松装载机制造采用了严格质量控制下的集成生产系统。2.FlatFace-to-FaceO-RingSeals扁平面对面O型圈密封VO-rin(j口型圈襟胶软管ni首接头Flatface-to-faceO-ringsealsareusedtosecurelysealallhydraulichoseconnectionsandpreventoilleakage.对所有液压软管连接采用扁平面对面。型圈进行安全密封，以防液压油泄露。BufferRings液压缸缓冲密封圈bufferring^缓冲密封圈Bufferringsareinstalledtothehead-sideoftheall-hydrauliccylinderstolowertheloadontherodseals,prolongcylinderlifeby30%andmaximizeoverallreliability.缓冲密封圈安装在全液压油缸的头部以降低推杆密封载荷，可延长液压缸寿命30%并使总可靠性最大。4.Wetmulti-discbrakesandfullyhydraulicbrakingsystem湿式多片制动器与全液压制动系统Thewetdiscserviceandparkingbrakesarefullysealedandadjustment-freetoreducecontamination,wearandmaintenance.Addedreliabilityisdesignedintothebrakingsystembytheuseoftwoindependenthydrauliccircuitsprovidinghydraulicbackupshouldoneofthecircuitsfail.Ifthebrakeoilpressuredrops,awarninglampflashesandanalarmsoundsintermittently.Ifthebrakepressurecontinuestodrop,theparkingbrakeisautomaticallyappliedprovidingadoublesafetysystem.行车与停车湿式盘式制动器完全密封并无需调节，从而减少了污染、磨损和维护。在制动系统中采用两个独立液压回路，作为当某一液压回路发生故障时的贮备，从而增加了系统的可靠性。当制动压力降低时，报警灯闪烁，报警器间歇鸣叫。如果制动压力持续降低，停车制动器将自动启动，形成双安全系统。5.High-RigidityFrames大刚度车架Thefrontandrearframesalongwiththeloaderlinkagehavehighrigiditytowithstandrepeatedtwistingandbendingloadstotheloaderbodyandlinkage.Boththeupperandlowercenterpivotbearingsusetaperedrollerbearingsforincreaseddurability.前、后车架及装载机铰接机构具有较大的刚度，以抵抗重复扭转与弯曲载荷对装载机机身和铰接机构的作用。上、下中心枢轴轴承均采用圆锥滚子轴承以提高寿命。钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broachingmachine拉孑1broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluiddynamics流体力学fluidmechanics力口工machining液压hydraulicpressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronicsmechanical-electricalintegration气压airpressurepneumaticpressure稳定'性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluidclutch液压泵hydraulicpump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数saftyfactor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rollingbearing滑动轴承slidingbearing弹簧spring制动器arresterbrake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finishmachining粗加工roughmachining变速箱体gearboxcasing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号randomsignal离散信号discretesignal超声传感器ultrasonicsensor集成电路integratecircuit挡板orificeplate残余应力residualstress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工coldmachining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interferencefit热加工hotwork摄像头CCDcamera倒角roundingchamfer优化设计optimaldesign工业造型设计industrialmouldingdesign有限元finiteelement滚齿hobbing插齿gearshaping伺服电机actuatingmotor铣床millingmachine钻床drillmachine镗床boringmachine步进电机steppermotor丝杠screwrod导轨leadrail组件subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器ProgrammableLogicControllerPLC电火花加工electricsparkmachining电火花线切割加工electricaldischargewire-cutting相图phasediagram热处理heattreatment固态相变solidstatephasechanges有色金属nonferrousmetal金属切削metalcutting机床machinetool金属工艺学technologyofmetals刀具cutter摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission车由shaft弹性elasticity频率特性frequencycharacteristic误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig动力学dynamic运动学kinematic静力学static分析力学analysemechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist弯曲应力bendingstress强度intensity三相交流电three-phaseAC磁路magneticcircles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronousmotor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路ACcircuit机械加工余量machiningallowance变形力deformingforce变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heattreatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization电路circuit半导体元件semiconductorelement反馈feedback发生器generator直流电源DCelectricalsource门电路gatecircuit逻辑代数logicalgebra外圆磨削externalgrinding内圆磨削internalgrinding平面磨削planegrinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孑Lfraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工threadprocessing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀millingcutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gearmechining齿轮gear主运动mainmovement主运动方向directionofmainmovement进给方向directionoffeed进给运动feedmovement合成进给运动resultantmovementoffeed合成切削运动resultantmovementofcutting合成切削运动方向directionofresultantmovementofcutting切削深度cuttingdepth前刀面rakeface刀尖noseoftool前角rakeangleAssemblyline组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivettable拉钉机Rivetgun拉钉枪Screwdriver起子Electricscrewdriver电动起子Pneumaticscrewdriver气动起子worktable工作桌OOBA开箱检查fittogether组装在一起fasten锁紧（螺丝）fixture夹具（治具）pallet栈板barcode条码barcodescanner条码扫描器fusetogether熔合fusemachine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmeticinspect外观检查innerpartsinspect内部检查thumbscrew大头螺丝lbs.inch镑、英寸EMIgasket导电条frontplate前板rearplate后板chassis基座bezelpanel面板powerbutton电源按键resetbutton重置键Hi-pottestofSPS高源高压测hydraulicmachine油压机tomove,tocarry,tohandle搬试lathe车床运VoltageswitchofSPSplaner|'plein|刨床beputinstorage入库电源电压接拉键miller铣床packpacking包装sheetmetalparts冲件grinder磨床toapplyoil擦油plasticparts塑胶件driller铣床tofileburr锉毛刺SOP制造作业程序linearcutting线切割finalinspection终检materialchecklist物料检查表electricalsparkle电火花toconnectmaterial接料workcell工作间welder电焊机toreversematerial翻料trolley台车staker=revitingmachine铆合wetstation沾湿台carton纸箱机Tiana天那水sub-line支线position职务cleaningcloth抹布leftfork叉车president董事长toloadmaterial上料productiondepartment生产部门generalmanager总经理tounloadmaterial卸料planningdepartment企划部specialassistantmanager特助toreturnmaterial/stockto退料QCSection品管科factorydirector厂长scraped|'skrpid|报废stampingfactory冲压厂departmentdirector部长scrape..v.刮;削deputymanager|=vicedeficientpurchase来料不良paintingfactory烤漆厂manager副理manufactureprocedure制程moldingfactory成型厂sectionsupervisor课长deficientmanufacturingcommonequipment常用设备deputysectionsupervisor=vicesectionsuperisor副课长procedure制程不良uncoilerand