古希腊的生活

古希腊的生活 Men7sIife?’?????H?E ThemotiflofthehuntwasweU3destablishedinMinoan andMvcenaeanar?nbvthe2ndr11i8?ennium2BC?lItwasa proIllinentaspectofGreekhteratureandart?2omthetimeof Homer3inthe8thcenturvBC?lSomeofthebest-knownde3d pictions4ofGreekrnythsinVase-paintingandsculpture5deal withsuchlegendaryfiguresas odysseus6?oHemcles 7 andMe?? 1eager8engagedinthehunt?lThegoddessArtemis9?oanlledwith bowandarrow?oisoRenshowneitheraccompaniedbvor pursuingwildanimals?lThispreoccupationl0withhuntingat themythic1eVelmirrorstheeagerpursuitofruralpleasuresby aUclassesofGreekmalesocie?nv?l Thewealthvhadthe1eisuretimetohuntwildgamewith hounds?onetsandtr??s?oor?oespecia8?yduringthe6thcentury when1argetractsofuncultivatedllcouncrvweresti8?available?o topursueonhorsebackdeerandwildboar?lWhileXenophon describeshuntinghons?oleopardsl2?o1vnxesl3andbearsinthe mountainousre??onsofnorchemGreeceandsoutheastern Turkey?oitisunlikelythattheGreekcountrysidesupporced muchinthewayoflargegame?l Historyofwarfare?2???????? Warfarebeforecheearlv5thcenturvBCwasrestricted mailllvtoborderskirnlishesl4becweenneighboringGreek scaces?lTheobjectivewasusuaUv1irnjcedco destroyingthea?? ????culturalbasisoftheenemv31seconomvinordertoextract speci6cp01iticalandeconomicconcessions?lWhileindividual battlescouldbeextremelvbloodv?ochetotaldestmctionofci??es andcompleteannihilationl5oftheirpopulationswereusually avoided?lTheactualcampaigningwasmonnaUVca?oedout becxM8?eenMarchandoctoberwhentheweatherfacihtatedl6 trooDmovementovermountainousterrain?oandwasbrokenofr atthemutuall7convenienceofthetwoopposingsides?l ThePersiancon?aict(4923d478BC)estabhshedtheprac3d ticeoftotalwar?lThiseventuallvledtomassinvasionl8and counterinvasionbvboth1andandsea?lwh01esaledestructionof cities?oand3d3donnreoccasions3d3dthepunishmentandenslave3d mentl9ofentirebodiesofcitizens?oincludingwomenand children?lManvofthesamedisruptive20practicesoccurred a??pinduringthePeloponnesianWarbecxM8?eenAthens?oSparta andtheirrespecdveames(431??404BC)?lBvthe4thcentury BCwar6rewaswe8?onitswavtobecoIningtheincernation3d alizedinstitutionthatAIexandertheGreatandhisf31o8?owersare generauythoughttohaVeperf’ected?l 6yHunting?y???? women7sLife???????H?E Greekwomenhadvir?nuaUy21no politicalrightsofany kindandwerecontroUedbymenatnearlVeverystageoftheir 1ives?lThemostimportantdutiesf-oracicy?ldwelhngwoman weretobearchildren3d3dpref31erablvmale3d3dandtorunthe household?lDutiesofamralwomanincludedsomeofthea?? ?T??culturalwork?Btheharvestingofohvesandf}uitwastheir responsibilicy?oasmayhaVebeenthegatheringofvegetables?l Sincemenspentmostoftheirtimeawav?2omtheir houses?lGreekhomel?8wasdolllinated22bvwomen?lThewife wasinchargeofraising??echildren?ospinning?oweavingand sewingthefanlily31sclothes?lShesupervisedthedailymnning ofthehouseh01d?lInatotallVslave-basedeconomV?oplentiful nunlbersoff31emaleslaveswereavadabletocook?lclean?land caHvwaterfromchef-ountain?lomvinthepooresthomeswas thewif~eexpectedtocaHvoutaUthesedutiesbvherselfA maleslave31sresponsibili?niesweref?lorthemostparthmitedto beingdoor3dkeeperandtutortothemalechildren?l Customdictated23thataGreekwomanlimithertime outsldethehousetoV1sltlngwlthhernearesttemalenelgh3d borS?lExceptionstothisri??d24soc??c01wentionwerewed- din?u?ofuneralsandstatereli??ousfestivalsinwhichwomen wereexpectedto playpro?Lnentpublicroles?l Vasescenes portrayingwomeninsidetheirhousestendto besparinginspeci?2cdetails?lThecommonpresenceof columnssuggeststhatwomenspencmuchoftheircimeinthe courtyardofthehouse?otheone placewheretheycouldregu3d larlyenjoy?2eshair?lGreekcoobngequipmentwassmaUand lightandcouldeasilybesec upthere?lInsunnyweather?o womenprobablysatintheroofed3doVerareasofthecounyard?o fortheidealin?Xmalebeaucywasa palecomplexion?l??ii?C?? Nol???? 1?l(?????n?B??nxe?E?W?C?E???C????2?l(mi4??jnxe???{?? 3xexw????m??j?????o???o??????4?o[????d??)n?l?????C???? 5?l??S?k??p??o]n?l?q?E6?l(31?Osi]???????o?T?o??????7?l(??e??32klaiasj ???????6?H???C?p?????G?????Gs?l??tn8cliS?i??3???????q?o?o???????0 ???A??9t(31a?B?nm??]?]?d???????o?????????0???????????l???? lO?l(?4313S?n31peipnjn?o?????-???C?????g????????11?l(An??tivei??] xexe?A???v?????C?A??????12+(31l???p)nxe??13?l[1?4b3n?l?j?9 l4?l(31???B??i”n?o?u????{5?l(??xenablei?oanjn?o?????C???? l???l???”32silite?????????C?W??17?o(31?zu?Btju??]???l??????xM???T?? ??(??????n3nxe?6??l9|[in??eim??t]n?l?????C?~?? Sk?l(dis}rApliv3d?l?I????21?lxw31va?Bt?Cu??i]???l?????h?o???5?h 22?l(??xemi8cit3???X???o???2??23?l[4??klei??)???l?????C???? 24?lxw31rid??d]8?l?T?g???C?y?q??