Osprey [MAA] 241.The.Russian.Army.of.the.Crimean.War.1854-56（克里米亚战争）

MEN-AT-ARMS SERIESl!mmMILITARY 241 THE RUSSIAN ARMY OF THE CRIMEAN WAR 1854-56 ROBERT \I (i THO'L\S RICI L\RD SCOI.I .I:\"S (i1lmJ MllITAR.Y EDITOR: MARTIN WINDROW MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES 241 THE RUSSIAN ARMY OF THE CRIMEAN WAR 1854-56 . Text by ROBERT H G THOMAS Colour plates by RICHARD SCOLLINS \'"hlid",d in "19' h} Osrul Puhli,h;nJ I.Id 59 Gros,enor Su'ttt, I.ondon \\,;.. .,1),\ I" Cop)'righ' '9'1' (),.pre, I'uhli>hinp: l.ul All !igh,s ll:l'Cf'\ed, AI...r, frtM\' an} fair deahl'll! for ,he pUfpelS(' of pri"ale stud}. rc:scarch, cri,ici~m or 1'\" k ... as pcrmim:d under ,heC....)llJlu l>Oi!!n" and I'atrnb \et. ,q88. no J'"ln of ,hi>l'ublical ion I'IIrl11inro in nn'" hr any """'ns, ek:(1ronil:. dearial. ehemial. rn«:Iunial, oplr..l, p/'MMooop}'illJ, rerordin,: .... 0I~i§r. "i,houl,he prior pc:mll-.n ,,(the (Orrogh, 0"""'. F~uiri<:s,Jwuldbeaddf~'othe I'ublrshers. Rn"sj , .......... C.,.I-.r:.,q I. ".H..."I... /).,1" Tho..,...,.lI.oh RUlOSwum'rof'heC.rilnCln \\ar ,85~ ,;fI, C~lm-:a' ....rms; no -4') I, Tille II. Series 'Ul·07J FilmS(, in Gn::>' Ilriwn Primed 'hrWl(h IltM"'huihkrs I.ltl. II"",: "'''''If For a G1talogur ofall hOllls puhlishru h} Osprey Military pk':l..c "rite In' The .\ la rlet i n~ 1\ lanagl-'T, Consuoner c:.'\tnlo~ue I)el>;\rtmenl, Osprey Ilublishing LuI. Michelin Iiousc, 8, Fulh:lln Road, Lonuoll SW.16RIJ Author's nOle and aclmowledgerncnts The objective oflhis book is 10 pro"iue as much infonnalion as linliled space allows on Ihe forces Ihal scn'ed the Tsar in defence of the Crimea, The dietalcs ofspace e:l"dude banle summ:uics and Orders of Dallle. Ho\\c\cr, those intcrestcd in the CrimC;ln W:u may oblain a we:llth of information from the CRIMF.AN WAR RF_~URD-I.\lr, sa.e for- Kbsiin. HUSAn; .. 1>0 had .. hile 5:lbreiacMs "'ith 1;lhl bl,", bcc:. l:or.I~ aps "-en: in Iho: colour of tho: dolman, "'ilh tho: apb.:lnds in lhe $halo colour. 5:1'-" for lhe Ilioumski Hussars" ho h:ld blue aps "';Ih red apb.:ands; pipinll' in di"ision colours. 01.: RIlle Dol",lIn Brown Lt l3Iue 1.1 Blue (Ok Blue) 01.: Blue Rw 01.: Grecn Lt Blue (Ok Blue) Ok Green Black L1Hlue (m Blue Ok Green IDiliL- (Grcy)J Ok BlueLlmue Yellow Rw Yellow YeIlO\\' Red 51,01:, Ll Blue (Ok nloe) TurQooise Lt Blue Lt Blue Red Rw I.uben' Izi()llm~l' Kt;lSliz' Eli7.aoclhgr,ld' While ivl3rioupnl' Jlcloro\'sk' Kie .. ' I n~ermanbnd N3T\'sli Sumsk' 5 3 6 7 8 9 , N. " " '3 Dn'isirlll 1St Light Ca\lIlf) 1st Light (a\lIlr) 2nd Light Callilry 2nd Light G\'~lr)' 3rd Light C:lV~lr)' 3rd LighT Ca\'~lr}' .. th Lighl Ca\'lIIf)' ..th Light Ca\'lIIT}' 5lh Lighl ea''lIlr)' 5lh Lighl Ca..~lry 6lh Light C:I\'3Ir)' 6th Ligh1 Grcn~dicr c..", Gren~dicr q ,\Iil~\'ski Ll Yelloll' , 'FOR DISTI;\,CrlO'J' honour scroll. 1 Table based on " ..10.00';110\ (~on \'anwn), J Offittrs h:ld wold or sih'u buuool, bee:, «1. .. GrotCOllI oofb~ "'cO: piped ~-ellu.. or ,,-hile for boI'h Offittrs and ~~«unling 10 \'isl<"-.IO>~ \'a"""" nota Ih:lllhccollan; _en: piped in lho: shalm colour for lhe ..Ih, 71h. '011\. , ,th Hl.ISArs. 5 ":OR DISTINCnON ON '.. AUGUST 18lJ'honourscroll. , Cp;ll//ctrcS. ";/fuil/cues, hI/trOll!>, tlnd h('/ml" pl,,,o:. (l'iskQwItQv) Artillery The artillery, along with the sappers, was considered an elite pari of the army, requiring a much higher professional standard. Mosl officers came from <.'adet schools and Ihen completed specialised tr.lining. They were nOI allowed 10 be as effective as rhey should have been at the Alma; but Light Battery No. 7, 12th Brigade, distinguished itself at Baladava by its rapid fire, achieved by sponging the guns only after every six rounds. The 10lh, I tlh, t2th, '4th, 16th, and 17th Artillery Brigades took paTt in both rhe field battles and the siege. NO.5 Battery, 11th Brigade,losi 124 men in the city, rhe highest of any battery. Assembled in heavy and light batteries variously assigned to foot and horse brigades, rhe smooth-bore brass muzzle-loaders, fired by slowmatch, had grcen- painted carriages. The large two-wheeled green caissons, pulled by three horses abreast, carried 77 rounds of 6-pounder shot, less for larger calibres. Eaeh gun carriage ehesl contained 16 addition:ll rounds. Each light gun had two caissons; hcavy guns had three. Roundshol and case were the mosl and 6 batteries of horse artillery. The 2nd Reservc Cavalry Corps, which served in the Crimea, was made up of 2 divisions of dragoons, 2 squadrons of horse-pioneers, and 6 horse batteries. The Resene Ulan Division had 4 Ulan regiments and 3 horse baneries. The remaining cavalry was divided among the six infantry corps, each having a lighl cavalry di\"ision of an Ulan and a Hussar brigade of 2 regiments each. These di\'isiol1s bore Ihe number of their infantry corps, while the regimcnts were num- bered consccurivcly: e.g. the 11 Ih and 12th Ulans and IlIh and 12th Hussars composed the 6th Light Cavalry Di\'ision oflhc 61h Infantry Corps. Because of Ihe threal of an Austrian im·asion. coupled wilh the poor quality and shortage of horses and fodder, there was inilially a shonage of C3nlry for service in the Crimea. The Dragoon Corps and Rcscn"e Light Ca\'alry Division nri\"Cd in OclOber 185+, along with Ihe composite Ulan and Hussar regiments, but Ihe Cuirassier Corps arri\'ed too late for the war. Fluge/•.4djulant in frockcoat-red col/ar. ",hite pip;n.l:, sih'cr • ., •I • - " . • • dragoon, and 4 uhm and hussar divisions per regi- ment. Each was led by a field oAlcer and had a standard. Light cavalry squadrons, formed of 4 platoons, consislcd of I capmin, I staA:.captain, 4 lieutenants, 2 cornets, 16 ~COs (including I sergeant-major, I quartermaster), I junker, 3 trum- peters, 120 men. Regimental staff ineluded a com- mander, I lieutenant eaeh as ADC, Treasurer, Quartermasler, Train, I licutenant-<:olonel, 3 majors, I uumpct-major, I riding-master, 1 surgeon, 1 doctor, 2 VCIS and 9 assistants. 24 train, and various armourcrs, carpenters, blacksmiths, clerks, infirmary sulf and pricsT. Dragoon regiments were similarly constitUlcd, \\-ith the addition ofdrummers. The cavalry were formed infO permanent corps and divisions. The lSI Rcscn"e Ca \'alry Corps consis- ted of Ihe 2 cuirassier divisions, a di\'ision of ulans, • • 47 solnias of tnc Cossack FrOil tier Line. AIso assigned to the area of the Caucasus were the '31h and 18th Infantry Divisions, four guns from each battery of the 17th Brigade, the New Russia and T"er Dragoons, and, for a short time, the 1st Brigade, 17th Infantry Division. The Reserve Army The Reserve Army, compose