最高的十大大厦

科学网讯 北京时间1月7日消息，曾几何时，摩天大楼是科技、财富的综合象征，纽约的帝国大厦在过去大半个世纪里，几乎是美国的代。而随着号称目前世界第一高度的迪拜塔的落成，人们赫然发现，目前世界10大最高摩天大楼中，亚洲占到了9个席位，中国竟占到了7个席位。美国的西尔斯大厦则作为唯一的欧美、也是西半球最高建筑，唯一入选前十榜单。   直到20世纪中期，以纽约帝国大厦(Empire State Building，1931年，381米)为首，美国一直都是世界超高层大厦的密集地。但现在这一切已成往事，因为亚洲的经济实力迅速提高和人口密集导致的地价上涨，使得亚洲正在成为全球超高层摩天大楼的中心。   目前已竣工的世界十大超高层大厦中9个在亚洲，并且正在建设或中的超高层大厦也集中在亚洲，计划中的摩天大楼包括上海的“上海塔”(632米)、天津的“高银117大厦”(597米)、首尔上岩洞的“Seoulite 大厦”(640米)和龙山“首尔Dream塔”(620米)等。   No.1 828米 迪拜塔 阿联酋 迪拜塔(Burj Dubai)由美国芝加哥工程师史密斯(Adrian Smith)设计，于2010年1月5日正式开幕及启用，当之无愧的全球第一高摩天大楼，高828米，整栋大楼一共超过200层，其中只有160层会提供给住户和租户。迪拜塔此前于2004年9月间动工，官方公布大楼的整体造价为15亿美元。该楼在开启当日也被并正式命名为“哈里发塔”。 Burj Dubai (Burj Dubai) by the Chicago engineer Smith (Adrian Smith) design, in January 5, 2010 the official opening and opened the world's first high-deserved skyscraper, 828 meters high, the whole building a total of more than 200 layers, layer of which only 160 will be provided to tenants and tenants. Burj Dubai Earlier in September 2004 between the start of the overall cost of building the official announcement of $ 1.5 billion. The building was also the day in the open and officially named "Burj Khalifa."   No.2 508米 台北101大楼 中国 台北101大楼(Taipei 101)于1998年1月动工，主体工程于2003年10月完工。有世界最大且最重的“风阻尼器”，还有两台世界最高速的电梯，从一楼到89楼，只要39秒的时间。在世界高楼协会颁发的证书里，当时101大楼拿下了“世界高楼”四项指标中的三项世界之最，即“最高建筑物”(508米)、“最高使用楼层”(438米)和“最高屋顶高度”(448米)。 Taipei 101 (Taipei 101) commenced in January 1998, the main project completed in October 2003. The world's largest and most important of the "Damper", as well as two of the world's fastest elevator from the first floor to the 89th floor, just 39 seconds of the time. Rise in the world, a certificate issued by the Association, was 101 won the "World's tallest building" four indicators in the three highest in the world, the "tallest building" (508 m), the "highest occupied floor" (438 m) and "the highest roof height" (448 m).   No.3 492米 上海环球金融中心 中国 上海环球金融中心(Shanghai global financial hub)是以日本的森大厦株式会社为中心，联合日本、美国等40多家企业投资兴建的项目，总投资额超过10亿美元。1997年年初开工后，因受亚洲金融危机影响，工程曾一度停工，2003年2月工程复工。建筑主体高度达到492米，共101层。 Shanghai World Financial Center (Shanghai global financial hub) is Japan's Mori Building Co., Ltd. as the center, the Joint Japan, the U.S. and other enterprises to invest in the construction of more than 40 projects with a total investment of over one billion U.S. dollars. After starting in early 1997, due to the Asian financial crisis, the project was once suspended, resumed work in February 2003. The main building height of 492 meters, a total of 101 floors.   No.4 484米 香港国际贸易中心 中国 香港国际贸易中心(International Commerce Center)，楼高484米，共118层。它将与现时新地、恒地、煤气及新中地产等合作建于对岸香港站上盖楼高88层的国际金融中心2期互相辉映，为21世纪壮丽的维港树立新标志。工程钢结构由钢柱、钢梁、外伸巨型钢桁架、裙楼钢桁架和屋顶钢桁架组成，钢结构总重约3.2万余吨。 Hong Kong International Trade Centre (International Commerce Center), height of 484 meters, a total of 118 layers. It will work with the existing earth, Henderson, gas and new cooperation in real estate across the Hong Kong Station was built in the 88-storeys international financial center two embraced each other for the 21st century magnificent harbor establish a new logo. Structural steel from the steel columns, beams, overhanging giant steel trusses, steel trusses and roof podium steel trusses, steel total weight of about 3.2 million tons.   No.5 451.9米 双峰塔 马来西亚     双峰塔(Petronas Twin Towers，或称佩重纳斯大厦、马来西亚国家石油大厦、国家石油双塔、双子塔)，高88层，它曾以451.9米的高度打破了美国芝加哥希尔斯大楼保持了22年的最高记录。这个工程于1993年12月27日动工，1996年2月13日正式封顶，1997年建成使用。登上双塔大楼，整个吉隆坡市秀丽风光尽收眼底，夜间城内万灯齐放，景色尤为壮美。Petronas Twin Towers (Petronas Twin Towers, also known as wear heavy Montparnasse, Malaysian National Petroleum Building, the National Petroleum Twin Towers, Twin Towers), 88 stories high, it is the height of 451.9 meters once broke the Sears Tower in Chicago to keep a 22-year record high. This project was December 27, 1993 to commence February 13, 1996 officially capped, 1997 built using. Boarded the Twin Towers, the beautiful panoramic view of the entire city of Kuala Lumpur, the city of ten thousand lights lit at night, the scenery is particularly magnificent.   NO.6 450米 南京紫峰大厦 中国 紫峰大厦(Zifeng tower)(南京格陵兰金融中心 Nanjing Greenland Financial Centre)由专业设计公司美国SOM建筑事务所设计，地上89层，地下4层，地上到灯塔是381米，而从灯塔底部到塔尖则有69米。楼顶下月树起69米的灯塔，将一举攀上450米的最高点。位于南京中心城区被誉为"心脏地段"的鼓楼广场，集高档办公、顶级酒店和商业等于一体，是南京档次最高、影响力最大的城市新地标和现代服务业集聚区。 Zifeng Tower (Zifeng tower) (Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Nanjing Greenland Financial Centre) by a professional design company U.S. architectural firm SOM design, ground 89 floors, 4 basement, ground to a lighthouse is 381 meters, and from the bottom to the tip of the lighthouse there are 69 meters. Roof 69 meters lighthouse erected next month, will climb 450 meters in one fell swoop the highest point. Located in Nanjing city center known as the "heart of the city," the Drum Tower Square, set the high-end office, top hotels and commercial equals one, is the highest grade of Nanjing, the most influential city landmark and modern service area.   NO.7 442米 西尔斯大厦 美国   西尔斯大厦(Sears Tower)是美国芝加哥的一幢办公楼，由SOM建筑设计事务所设计，于1974年建成，高442米，西尔斯大厦地上110层，地下3层。总建筑面积41.8万平方米，底部平面68.7×68.7米，由9个22.9米见方的正方形组成。在这些正方形的范围内都不另设支柱，租用者可按需要分隔。 整个大厦平面随层数增加而分段收缩。在51层以上切去两个对角正方形，67层以上切去另外两个对角正方形，91层以上又切去三个正方形，只剩下两个正方形到顶。犹如9个高低不一的方形空心筒子集束在一起，挺拔利索，简洁稳定。不同方向的立面形态各不相同，突破了一般高层建筑呆板对称的造型手法。这种束筒结构体系是建筑设计与结构创新相结合的成果。 Sears Tower (Sears Tower) is a Chicago office building, designed by the architectural firm SOM, built in 1974, 442 meters high, 110-story Sears Tower on the ground, underground 3 floors. Total construction area of ​​418,000 square meters, the bottom of the plane 68.7 × 68.7 meters and 22.9 meters from the 9 square squares. In these squares are not within the scope of a separate pillar, the hirer may need to separate. The entire building with the number of layers increases segmented planar contraction. 51 floors above cut two diagonal squares, 67 floors above the other two diagonally cut squares, 91 floors above and cut three squares, only two squares to top. Like nine uneven square hollow cone cluster together, tall and agile, simple and stable. Different directions facade form varies, broke through the general rise buildings rigid symmetry modeling approach. This bundle tube structure system is the architectural design and structural innovation combined results   No.8 437.5米 广州西塔 中国 广州西塔(Guangzhou West Tower)(又称：广州国际金融中心)由WilkinsonEyre.Architects Arup和华南理工大学建筑设计研究院联合体设计，地下5层，主塔楼地上103层，高度达437.5米的。由三个塔住支撑起来的面积高达1000多平方米的整体作业平台已经升到大楼最顶端，按结构楼层数计全国第一(上海环球金融中心101层、台湾101大厦101层)。 Guangzhou West Tower (Guangzhou West Tower) (also known as: Guangzhou International Finance Center) by the WilkinsonEyre.Architects Arup and South China University of Architectural Design and Research Institute of the Commonwealth design, 5 floors underground, the main tower on the ground 103 floors, the height of 437.5 meters. Propped up by the three towers to live up to more than 1000 square meters of the area's overall operating platform has risen to the top of the building, according to the structure of floors meter first in the country (101-story Shanghai World Financial Center, Taipei 101 Tower, 101 floors).   NO.9 420.5 金茂大厦 中国 金茂大厦(Jin Mao Tower)是上海迈向21世纪的标志性建筑之一，由美国SOM设计事务所主设计。于1992年12月17日被批准立项，1994年5月10日动工，1997年8月28日结构封顶，至1999年3月18日开张营业。建筑面积28.95万平方米。高420.5米，88层。主楼1-52层为办公用房，53-87层为五星级宾馆，88层为观光层。 Jinmao Tower (Jin Mao Tower) is Shanghai in the 21st century landmark building, designed by the American firm SOM main design. At 17 December 1992 was approved the project, May 10, 1994 to commence August 28, 1997 cap structure to March 18, 1999 opened for business. Construction area of ​​289,500 square meters. 420.5 meters high, 88 floors. Main office space 1-52 layer layer,53-87 five-star hotel, 88 floors of sightseeing layer.   NO.10 420米 香港国际金融中心 中国 香港国际金融中心(International Finance Centre)位于香港中环，一期1998年竣工，高39层，180米，自建成后便吸引了不少国际金融机构进驻。国金二期2003年落成，高420米，共88层，为香港最高建筑物。被称为“惊世之作”的香港国际金融中心二期外形设计概念是以一个向外地的朋友“招手”的手势，向海外朋友表示“欢迎您”的意思。 IFC (International Finance Centre) is located in Central, Hong Kong, one completed in 1998, 39 floors high, 180 meters, after attracting a lot since the completion of the international financial institutions stationed. IFC completed in 2003, 420 meters high, 88 floors, the tallest building in Hong Kong. Called "startlingly ambitious," the Hong Kong International Finance Centre shape design concept is based on an outwardly friend "waving" gesture to overseas friends said, "Welcome" means.   值得注意的是，亚洲摩天大楼发展的速度，甚至连世界高楼协会排名都来不及更新，在官方最高排名里面，中国的香港世界贸易中心、南京紫峰大厦及广州西塔均不在其中。而早已被超越的中信广场(391米，80层)则仍排名第10。   建筑超高摩天大楼采用的是能够支撑数十万吨建筑物重量的混凝土技术、避免建筑物倾斜的GPS测量技术、以及上下运行距离达数百米的超高速电梯技术等。不过因此建筑成本高达普通建筑的2、3倍以上，并且电梯所占空间大，因此实际使用空间会减少，这些是摩天大楼的共同缺点。 (亚高) It should be noted that the speed of development in Asia skyscrapers, and even the world tallest building associations ranked too late update, the highest rank in the official inside China's World Trade Center, Nanjing and Guangzhou West Tower Zifeng not in them. Which has long been beyond the CITIC Plaza (391 m, 80 layers) is still ranked 10th. Ultra-high skyscraper building used to be able to support the weight of hundreds of tons of concrete building technology, to avoid building tilted GPS measurement technology, as well as running up and down distance of several hundred meters of ultra-high-speed elevator technology. But so construction costs up to 2,3 times more than ordinary construction and elevator occupied a large space, so the actual use of space will be reduced, these are common drawback of skyscrapers. (Asian high) Note: This comprehensive reference skyscraper website, The Daily Telegraph and other foreign.   注：本文综合参考摩天大楼网站、每日电讯报等外电。