各种维生素的作用

各种维生素的作用 The effects of various vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver. It is mainly used to improve vision and enhance immune system function. There are two kinds of vitamin A. One is vitamin A alcohol (retionl), which is the original form of vitamin A (found only in animal foods); the other is a beta carotene (carotene), in the human body can be transformed into vitamin A prefabricated material. Because of these two forms of vitamin A determines the main source of vitamin A is two, one is Cod Liver Oil, beef, chicken, eggs and dairy products, they contain vitamin A alcohol; another is vegetables such as carrots, spinach, peas, red sweet potatoes, green pepper, pumpkin, amaranth, leek etc. yellow yellow green vegetables and fruits, they contain beta carotene, and the effects of beta carotene in the liver and intestine of human and animal carotenoid enzymes, can be converted into vitamin A, so eating more vegetables can guarantee enough vitamin A. Since vitamin A and carotene are insoluble in water and soluble in fat, food containing vitamin A and beta carotene is associated with fat intake, which promotes their absorption. But in daily life, vitamin A beta carotene is used more when vitamin supplements are added, because beta carotene does not have the potential toxicity of vitamin A alcohol. Vitamin A deficiency is wound healing ability is poor, easy to be infected, night blindness from light to dark and difficult to adjust the vision. Vitamin A in the body too much, a lot of human intake of vitamin A, as the discharge ratio is not high, because some are often stored in the body caused by poisoning, symptoms usually manifested as skin dry, brittle nails, hair loss, weight loss, easy irritability, headache and fatigue. The recommended daily intake of vitamin A amounts to 5000IU per day for men and 4000IU per day for women. But because vitamin A can be stored in the body, it does not require daily supplies. Mechanism of action of vitamin A. Vitamin A is very active in the retina, which can be formed by the combination of rhodopsin and opsin (rhodopsin is a visual pigment). It can enhance the immune system's function and, therefore, can prevent infectious diseases to some extent. This makes vitamin A also effective in cancer fighting. Vitamin A also has synergistic effects on steroids, cholesterol, and sticky sugar, which are important to the production of healthy organic substances. B vitamins B vitamins have a lot in common, for example, they are water-soluble and redundant B vitamins are not stored in the body and excreted completely. So B vitamins must be replenished every day. There is a synergistic effect between the vitamins of the B group, that is, taking all B vitamins at one time is better than separate intake. In addition, if the B1, B2, and B6 uptake rates are uneven, then there is no effect. The B vitamin family is expanding, in addition to our known B1, B2, B5, B6, B12 and so on, there are currently more controversial B17 and so on. Here are only a few commonly used B vitamins introduced. Vitamin B1 is known as the spirit of vitamins, this is because vitamin B1 has a good effect on the nerve tissue and mental state; the lack of vitamin B1 can cause a variety of beriberi. Foods rich in vitamin B1 include yeast, rice bran, whole wheat, oats, peanuts, pork, most vegetables, wheat bran, and milk. When vitamin B2 enters the human body, it is phosphorylated and converted to phosphate, riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which combine with proteins to become a dehydrogenase that regulates the redox process. Dehydrogenation is an important substance in the maintenance of tissue cell respiration. The lack of it, the metabolism disorder of substance, appear angular cheilitis, glossitis, dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. Foods rich in vitamin B2: milk, animal liver and kidney, brewing yeast, cheese, green leafy vegetables, fish, eggs. Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme body many important enzymes involved in the decarboxylation of amino acid, tryptophan, synthesis, metabolism of sulfur amino acids and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, is the essential nutrients to the normal development of animal breeding, bacteria and yeast. Lack of vitamin B6 can cause: anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, glossitis. Foods rich in vitamin B6, beer yeast, wheat bran, wheat germ, animal liver and kidney, soybean, American Muskmelon (cantaloupe), cabbage, molasses (a sugar extracted from raw materials of molasses), brown rice, eggs, oatmeal, peanut, walnut. Vitamin B12 is synthesized by bacteria in the gut, and vitamin B12 is found in all animal derived foods. Vitamin B12 is difficult to absorb by the body. A substance secreted by the stomach is a necessary factor for the absorption of vitamin B12. Calcium is also a necessary element in the absorption of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is also necessary for the body to make red blood cells and keep the immune system functioning. Vitamin B12 has also been used for asthma, fatigue, hepatitis, insomnia, and epilepsy. Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver, but it can easily be removed from the body through urine. Vitamin B12 is safe and has no side effects. People with vitamin B12 deficiency are often elderly and alcoholics. Foods rich in vitamin B12: animal liver, beef, pork, eggs, milk, cheese. For the chicks are symptoms of a lack of vitamin B12, can see the claw has obvious deformities. Vitamin C The brand in the large family of vitamin, vitamin C should be one of the very familiar. But how much do we know about it? Vitamin C is considered to be the body's major water soluble antioxidant. Early, found that vitamin C can prevent scurvy. Now, the focus of vitamin C research is its ability to protect cells in the body. The brand of vitamin C has many kinds of function in the human body, including anticancer, prevent heart disease, improve the function of the immune system, prevent pollution and dust, help wound healing, reduce the risk of cataracts. Vitamin C deficiency includes fatigue, weight loss, gum bleeding, loose teeth, poor healing of the wound, joint pain, bruising, heart disease and infection. It's easy to catch cold. But taking too much vitamin C can cause side effects such as diarrhea, swelling, heartburn, nausea, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, or sleepiness. However, once the intake of vitamin C is reduced, these symptoms gradually disappear. Compared with the toxicity of other vitamins, vitamin C is safer. The cross infection of vitamin C has not been found. But vitamin C has to work with other nutrients such as vitamin E, selenium, and beta carotene to improve their effects. The recommended daily intake of vitamin C is 200mg/ per day, but there are recommendations for 500-20000mg/ daily, indicating that vitamin C intake is basically safe and flexible. When people work under pressure, vitamin C intake increases. Common vitamin C tablets are the cheapest way to supplement vitamin C. The main source of vitamin C in foods include citrus fruits, such as citrus, lemon, red, red pepper, pepper, papaya, muskmelon, cauliflower, cabbage, strawberries, kiwi teeth. The fresher the fruit and vegetables, the higher the vitamin C content. Mechanism of action of vitamin C. As an antioxidant, vitamin C is the party that gives electrons, which can restore the oxidized material. In this way, it can repeatedly use antioxidants such as vitamin E, thereby enhancing their effectiveness. Vitamin C stimulates the behavior of white blood cell cells and increases the activity of phagocytes. Vitamin C is prevented by white blood cell cells (histamine is a physiologically active amine, and the formula is C5H9N3, found in plants or animal tissues. The secretion of the immune system's cells as part of an allergic reaction increases the breakdown of histamine. Moreover, it also enhanced the level of interferon, antibody response and secretion of thymic hormones. Vitamin C also promotes the absorption of iron from food, possibly by the reduction of ferric iron to ferrous iron. Vitamin D Vitamin D is considered both a vitamin and a hormone because it is a rare exception to vitamins. The vast majority of vitamins can not be synthesized by themselves, but must be ingested by food or medicine, while vitamin D can be synthesized from UV irradiated skin (direct sunlight). Of course, vitamin D can be added from food. Natural sources include cod liver oil and other saltwater fish including halibut, swordfish, tuna, sardines, herring and so on in Cod Liver Oil. In addition, milk often contains more vitamin D, so it is another ideal source of supplementation. Other foods that contain vitamin D include sunflower seeds, liver, and eggs. Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets rickets children and adults. Symptoms include bone and joint pain, muscle atrophy, insomnia, tension, and diarrhea. The optimum daily intake of vitamins is between 200 and 600 IU / day. Vitamin D is mainly used to form and maintain strong bones. It is used to prevent rickets in children and cartilage in adults, arthralgia, and so on. People with osteoporosis can effectively increase their calcium absorption by adding proper vitamin D and magnesium. In addition, vitamin D is also used to reduce the risk of colon, breast and prostate cancers, as well as the immune system. Mechanism of action of vitamin D. The precursor of vitamin D (vitamin D production of raw materials) in the skin, when the reaction will direct sunlight into vitamin D3, D3 molecules are transported to the liver and into another form of vitamin D is 25 bit single - cholesterol, this form is more effective. Then, the 25 bits are transported to the renal vein, where they are converted to 1, 25 bit calcium (D), which is the most effective form of vitamin c.. Then vitamin D will work with parathyroid hormone and calcitonin to balance the calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, especially the body's ability to absorb calcium ions. Vitamin D should not be used in people with high blood calcium levels or in people with high levels of calcium in the blood. In addition, care must be taken for patients with kidney stones and atherosclerosis, because vitamin D may cause parathyroid disease, impair kidney function, and even cause heart disease. Corticosteroids can counteract the effects of vitamin D. D and mineral oil inhibit the body's absorption of vitamin A, so it should be avoided. Phenytoin and sleeping pills may increase the effect of vitamin D and lower blood pressure. Lack of vitamin D can cause the most typical children's adult rickets and osteomalacia. Other typical symptoms include muscle wasting, diarrhea, diarrhea, insomnia, tension, and so on. People living in the earth's poles and some perennial indoor working people are often unable to synthesize enough vitamin D, some diseases also affect the absorption of vitamin D, such as Krohn S's disease (Crohn s disease) and so on. The main side effects of vitamin is caused by hypercalcemia, early signs including headache, constipation or diarrhea, loss of appetite, dizziness, difficulty walking, muscle and bone pain, arrhythmia, etc.. Late symptoms include itching, a renal vein, decreased function, osteoporosis, weight loss, muscle and soft tissue calcification, and so on. Dose control. A week will face, hand and arm is directly exposed to the sun at noon in 2-3 times every 15 minutes is enough to supplement the human body all need vitamin D. Be careful not to use sunscreen, or the absorption will be greatly reduced. In higher latitudes, the intensity of the sun's rays in winter may not adequately stimulate the skin to produce vitamin D, but thanks to the body's ability to store vitamin D produced in the summer for later use. The suitable amount for every 200600 units (under the age of 50, 200 units; 400 units; 50-70 years old, 70 years old, 600 units). A higher dosage should be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Vitamin E Vitamin E is not a simple substance. It is made up of four compounds called tocopherol: alpha tocopherol, beta tocopherol, delta tocopherol, and gamma tocopherol. Alpha tocopherol is the most common and most powerful. Vitamin E is soluble in fat and is stored in fat tissues and muscles throughout the body. The site of the highest content of human pituitary gland, adrenal gland and testis. In general, vitamin E uses its antioxidant properties to protect against heart disease. And it improves circulation and helps prevent blood clots. Vitamin E is also resistant to certain cancers, delaying aging and preventing cataracts. It also helps the immune system to function properly. But it can also help heal wounds. Vitamin E deficiency in adults can be identified by the following symptoms: premature aging, muscular weakness, difficulty walking, infection, poor wound healing, and fatigue. Vitamin E deficiency involves diseases characterized by red cell destruction, muscle degeneration, anemia, and reproductive dysfunction. Although vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin and is stored in the body, vitamin E is the safest vitamin and has little toxicity. The main sources of vitamin E include malt, soy, vegetable oil, nuts, Brussels sprouts, leafy greens, spinach, flour with added nutrients, whole grains, unrefined cereal products, and eggs. Vitamin E is recommended for daily intake of 400-800IU, and preferably by alpha vitamin E. Mechanism of action of vitamin E. Vitamin E acts mainly as an antioxidant. It prevents accumulation of free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and mass interference with vitamin K dependent consolidation factors. Vitamin E increases the immunity of T cells.