REGULATION (EU) No 168-2013欧盟新摩托车法规 (3)

REGULATION(EU)No168/2013OFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCILof15January2013ontheapprovalandmarketsurveillanceoftwo-orthree-wheelvehiclesandquadricycles(TextwithEEArelevance)THEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDTHECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,HavingregardtotheTreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnion,andinparticularArticle114thereof,HavingregardtotheproposalfromtheEuropeanCommission,AftertransmissionofthedraftlegislativeacttothenationalParliaments,HavingregardtotheopinionoftheEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommittee(1),Actinginaccordancewiththeordinarylegislativeprocedure(2),Whereas:(1)Theinternalmarketcomprisesanareawithoutinternalfrontiersinwhichthefreemovementofgoods,persons,servicesandcapitalmustbeensured.TothatendacomprehensiveECtype-approvalsystemfortwo-orthree-wheelvehicleswasestablishedbyDirective2002/24/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil(3)onthetype-approvalofsuchvehicles.ThoseprinciplesshouldcontinuetoapplyforthisRegulationandthedelegatedandimplementingactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulation.(2)Theinternalmarketshouldbebasedontransparent,simpleandconsistentruleswhichprovidelegalcertaintyandclarityfromwhichbusinessesandconsumersalikecanbenefit.(3)Withtheaimofsimplifyingandacceleratingtheadoptionoftype-approvallegislation,anewregulatoryapproachhasbeenintroducedinEUvehicletype-approvallegislation,underwhichthelegislatorintheordinarylegislativeproceduresetsoutonlythefunda­mentalrulesandprinciplesanddelegatesthelayingdownoffurthertechnicaldetailstotheCommission.Withregardtosubstantiverequirements,thisRegulationshouldthereforelaydownonlyfundamentalprovisionsonfunctionalsafetyandenvironmentalperformance,andempowertheCommissiontolaydownthetechnicalspecifications.(4)ThisRegulationshouldbewithoutprejudicetomeasuresatnationalorUnionlevelregardingtheuseofL-categoryvehiclesontheroad,suchasspecificdrivers’licencerequirements,limitationsofmaximumspeedormeasuresregulatingaccesstocertainroads.(5)Marketsurveillanceintheautomotivesector,andinparticulartheL-categoryvehiclesector,shouldbeimprovedbyenhancingthelegalprovisionsgoverningconformityofproductionandspecifyingtheobligationsoftheeconomicoperatorsinthesupplychain.Inparticular,theroleandresponsibilitiesoftheauthoritiesintheMemberStatesinchargeoftype-approvalandmarketsurveillanceshouldbeclarified,andtherequirementsrelatingtothecompetence,obligationsandperformanceofthetechnicalservicesthatperformtestsforvehicletype-approvalreinforced.Compliancewiththetype-approvalandconformity-of-productionrequirementsofthelegislationgoverningtheautomotivesectorshouldremainthekeyresponsibilityoftheapprovalauthorities,whilemarketsurveillancemaybeacompetencesharedbetweendifferentnationalauth­orities.EffectivecoordinationandmonitoringatUnionandnationallevelsshouldbedeployedtoensurethatapprovalandmarketsurveillanceauthoritiesapplythenewmeasureseffectively.(6)Thenationalauthorities’obligationslaiddowninthemarketsurveillanceprovisionsofthisRegulationaremorespecificthanthecorrespondingprovisionsofRegu­lation(EC)No765/2008oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof9July2008settingouttherequirementsforaccreditationandmarketsurveillancerelatingtothemarketingofproducts(4).(7)ThisRegulationshouldcontainsubstantiverequirementsforenvironmentalprotectionandvehiclefunctionalsafety.ThemainelementsoftherelevantrequirementsofthisRegulationarebasedontheresultsoftheimpactassessmentof4October2010carriedoutbytheCommissionanalysingdifferentoptionsbylistingpossibleadvantagesanddisadvantagesintermsofeconomic,environmental,safetyandsocietalaspects.Bothqualitativeandquantitativeaspectswereincludedinthatanalysis.AftercomparisonofthedifferentoptionsthepreferredoptionswereidentifiedandchosentoformthebasisforthisRegulation.ENL60/52OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion2.3.2013(1)OJC84,17.3.2011,p.30.(2)PositionoftheEuropeanParliamentof20November2012(notyetpublishedintheOfficialJournal)anddecisionoftheCouncilof11December2012.(3)OJL124,9.5.2002,p.1.(4)OJL218,13.8.2008,p.30.(8)ThisRegulationaimstolaydownharmonisedrulesforthetype-approvalofL-categoryvehicles,withaviewtoensuringthefunctioningoftheinternalmarket.L-categoryvehiclesaretwo-,three-orfour-wheelvehiclessuchaspoweredtwo-wheelvehicles,tricyclesandquad­ricycles.Inaddition,thisRegulationaimstosimplifythecurrentlegalframework,toreducetheemissionsfromL-categoryvehicles,thusresultinginamoreproportionateshareofL-categoryvehicleemissionsinoverallroadtransportemissions,toincreasetheoveralllevelofsafety,toadapttotechnicalprogressandtostrengthentherulesonmarketsurveillance.(9)Inordertoensureahighlevelofvehiclefunctionalsafety,occupationalsafetyandenvironmentalprotection,thetechnicalrequirementsandenvironmentalstandardsapplicabletovehicles,systems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitswithregardtotype-approvalshouldbeharmonised.(10)TheobjectivesofthisRegulationshouldnotbeaffectedbythefittingofcertainsystems,componentsorseparatetechnicalunitsaftervehicleshavebeenplacedonthemarket,registeredorenteredintoservice.Thus,appro­priatemeasuresshouldbetakeninordertomakesurethatsystems,componentsorseparatetechnicalunitswhichcanbefittedtovehicles,andwhichcouldsignifi­cantlyimpairthefunctioningofsystemsthatareessentialforenvironmentalprotectionorfunctionalsafety,aresubjecttopriorcontrolbyanapprovalauthoritybeforetheyareplacedonthemarket,registeredorareenteredintoservice.(11)Directive95/1/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof2February1995onthemaximumdesignspeed,maximumtorqueandmaximumnetenginepoweroftwo-orthree-wheelmotorvehicles(1)gavetheoptiontoMemberStatestorefusetheinitialregis­trationandanysubsequentregistrationwithintheirterritoryofvehicleswithamaximumnetpowerofmorethan74kW.Theanticipatedcorrelationbetweensafetyandabsolutepowerlimitationcouldnotbeconfirmedinseveralscientificstudies.ForthatreasonandinordertoremoveinternalbarrierstotradeontheUnionmarket,thatoptionshouldnolongerbemain­tained.Other,moreeffectivesafetymeasuresshouldbeintroducedtohelpreducethehighnumbersoffatalitiesandinjuriesamongridersofpoweredtwo-wheelvehiclesinroadaccidentsintheUnion.(12)ThisRegulationsetsenvironmentalrequirementsfortwostageswiththesecondstage(Euro5)beingmandatoryfornewtypesofvehiclesasof1January2020,therebycreatinglong-termplanningpredictabilityforthevehiclemanufacturersandthesupplierindustry.Basedonfutureavailabledata,anenvironmentaleffectstudyrequiredbythisRegulationshouldprovideadditionalunderpinningthroughmodelling,technicalfeasibilityandcost-effectivenessanalysisbasedonthelatestavailabledata.Inaddition,thestudyshould,interalia,assessthefeasi­bilityandcost-effectivenessofin-serviceconformitytestingrequirements,off-cycleemissionrequirementsandaparticulatenumberemissionlimitforcertain(sub-)categories.Onthebasisofthestudyresults,theCommissionshouldconsiderpresentingaproposalintro­ducingthesenewelementsintofuturetype-approvallegislationapplicableafterthestagesprovidedforinthisRegulation.(13)TheEUtype-approvalsystemisintendedtoenableeachMemberStatetoconfirmthateachtypeofvehiclehasundergonethechecksprovidedforinthisRegulationandindelegatedandimplementingactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulation,andthatitsmanufacturerhasobtainedatype-approvalcertificate.Itfurthermoreobligesmanufac­turerstoissueacertificateofconformityforeachvehicleproducedinaccordancewiththetype-approval.WhenavehicleisaccompaniedbysuchacertificateitshouldbepermittedtobemadeavailableonthemarketandregisteredforusethroughouttheUnion.(14)Inordertoensurethattheprocedureformonitoringconformityofproduction,whichisoneofthecorner­stonesoftheEUtype-approvalsystem,hasbeencorrectlyimplementedandfunctionsproperly,manufacturersshouldberegularlycheckedbyacompetentauthorityorbyanappropriatelyqualifiedtechnicalservicedesignatedforthatpurpose.(15)ThisRegulationconstitutesasetofspecificsafetyandenvironmentalrequirements.Therefore,itisimportanttoestablishprovisionstoensurethat,incaseswhereavehiclepresentsaseriousriskforusersortheenvironment,themanufactureroranyothereconomicoperatorinthesupplychainhastakeneffectiveprotectivemeasures,includingtherecallofvehicles,withinthemeaningofArticle20ofRegulation(EC)No765/2008.Approvalauthoritiesshouldthereforebeabletoassesswhetherthosemeasuresaresufficient.(16)Incertainlimitedcases,itisappropriatetoallowfornationalsmallseriestype-approval.Inordertopreventmisuse,anysimplifiedprocedureforsmall-seriesvehiclesshouldberestrictedtocasesofverylimitedproduction.Itisthereforenecessarytodefinepreciselytheconceptofsmallseriesintermsofthenumberofvehiclesproduced.EN2.3.2013OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnionL60/53(1)OJL52,8.3.1995,p.1.(17)TheUnionisacontractingpartyoftheAgreementoftheUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEuropeconcerningtheadoptionofuniformtechnicalprescriptionsforwheeledvehicles,equipmentandpartswhichcanbefittedtoand/orbeusedonwheeledvehiclesandtheconditionsforreciprocalrecognitionofapprovalsgrantedonthebasisoftheseprescriptions(‘Revised1958Agreement’)(1).Inordertosimplifythetype-approvallegislationinlinewiththerecommen­dationsofthereportpublishedbytheCommissionin2006entitled‘CARS21:ACompetitiveAutomotiveRegulatorySystemforthe21stcentury’,itisappropriatetorepealallseparateDirectiveswithoutreducingthelevelofprotection.TherequirementssetoutinthoseDirectivesshouldbecarriedovertothisRegulationortothedelegatedactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulationandshouldbereplaced,whereappropriate,withreferencestothecorrespondingUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope(UNECE)regulationswhichtheUnionhasvotedinfavourofortowhichtheUnionhasaccededandwhichareannexedtotheRevised1958Agreement.Toreducetheadministrativeburdenofthetype-approvalprocess,vehiclemanufacturersshouldbeallowedtoseektype-approvalinaccordancewiththisRegulation,whereappropriate,directlybymeansofobtainingapprovalundertherelevantUNECEregulationsreferredtointheAnnexestothisRegulationorinthedelegatedactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulation.(18)Consequently,UNECEregulationsandtheamendmentstheretoonwhichtheUnionhasvotedinfavour,inapplicationofDecision97/836/EC,shouldbeincor­poratedwithintheEUtype-approvallegislation.Accord­ingly,thepowershouldbedelegatedtotheCommissiontoadoptthenecessaryadaptationstotheAnnexestothisRegulationortothedelegatedactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulation.(19)Unrestrictedaccesstovehiclerepairinformation,viaastandardisedformatwhichcanbeusedtoretrievethetechnicalinformation,andeffectivecompetitiononthemarketforvehiclerepairandmaintenanceinformationservicesarenecessarytoimprovethefunctioningoftheinternalmarket,particularlyasregardsthefreemovementofgoods,thefreedomofestablishmentandthefreedomtoprovideservices.Agreatproportionofsuchinformationisrelatedtoon-boarddiagnosticsystemsandtheirinteractionwithothervehiclesystems.Itisappropriatetolaydowntechnicalspecifi­cationsthatthewebsitesofthemanufacturersshouldfollow,alongwithtargetedmeasurestoensurereasonableaccessforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.(20)Inordertoensureuniformconditionsfortheimplemen­tationofthisRegulation,implementingpowersshouldbeconferredontheCommission.ThosepowersshouldbeexercisedinaccordancewithRegulation(EU)No182/2011oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof16February2011layingdowntherulesandgeneralprinciplesconcerningmechanismsforcontrolbyMemberStatesoftheCommission’sexerciseofimple­mentingpowers(2).(21)InordertosupplementthisRegulationwithfurthertechnicaldetails,thepowertoadoptactsinaccordancewithArticle290oftheTreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnionshouldbedelegatedtotheCommissioninrespectofrequirementsonenvironmentalandpropulsionperformance,onfunctionalsafetyandonvehicleconstruction.ItisofparticularimportancethattheCommissioncarryoutappropriateconsultationsduringitspreparatorywork,includingatexpertlevel.TheCommission,whenpreparinganddrawingupdelegatedacts,shouldensuresimultaneous,timelyandappropriatetransmissionofrelevantdocumentstotheEuropeanParliamentandtotheCouncil.(22)MemberStatesshouldlaydownrulesonpenaltiesapplicabletoinfringementsofthisRegulationandthedelegatedorimplementingactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulationandensurethattheyareimplemented.Thosepenaltiesshouldbeeffective,proportionateanddissuasive.(23)Inordertobeabletoassessanddecidewhethertoextendmandatoryfittingofcertainadvancedbrakesystemstoadditionalcategoriesofmotorcycles,theCommissionshouldreporttotheEuropeanParliamentandtotheCouncilonthebasis,interalia,ofroadaccidentdataprovidedbyMemberStates.(24)WhilenothinginthisRegulationpreventsMemberStatesfromcontinuingtoapplytheirrespectiveindividualapprovalsystems,theCommissionshouldreporttotheEuropeanParliamentandtheCouncilontheoperationofthesenationalsystems,basedoninformationprovidedbyMemberStates,inordertoreconsiderthequestionofwhethertosubmitalegislativeproposalfortheharmon­isationoftheindividualapprovalsystematUnionlevel.(25)InthecontextoftherevisionofDirective2007/46/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof5September2007establishingaframeworkfortheapprovalofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers,andofsystems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitsintendedforsuchvehicles(3),thedelineationbetweenthisRegulationandDirective2007/46/ECshouldbeconsideredinthelightoftheexperiencegainedbyMemberStatesintheapplicationofthisRegulation,inparticularinordertoensurefaircompetitionbetweenvehiclecategories.ENL60/54OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion2.3.2013(1)CouncilDecision97/836/EC(OJL346,17.12.1997,p.78).(2)OJL55,28.2.2011,p.13.(3)OJL263,9.10.2007,p.1.(26)Intheinterestofclarity,predictability,rationalityandsimplificationandinordertoreducetheburdenforvehiclemanufacturers,thisRegulationshouldcontainonlyalimitednumberofimplementationstagesfortheintroductionofnewemissionlevelsandsafetyrequire­ments.IndustryshouldbeallowedsufficienttimetoadapttothenewprovisionslaiddowninthisRegulationandtothetechnicalspecificationsandadministrativeprovisionssetoutinthedelegatedandimplementingactsadoptedpursuanttothisRegulation.Timelydefi­nitionofrequirementsisessentialtoensuringsufficientlead-timeformanufacturerstodevelop,testandimplementtechnicalsolutionsforvehiclesproducedinseries,andformanufacturersandapprovalauthoritiesintheMemberStatestoputinplacethenecessaryadminis­trativesystems.(27)Directive2002/24/ECandtheseparateDirectivesreferredtointhatDirectivehavebeensubstantiallyamendedseveraltimes.Intheinterestsofclarity,rationalityandsimplification,Directive2002/24/ECandtheseparateDirectivesreferredtointhatDirectiveshouldberepealedandreplacedbyoneRegulationandasmallnumberofdelegatedandimplementingacts.TheadoptionofaRegulationensuresthattheprovisionsconcernedaredirectlyapplicableandcanbeupdatedmuchfasterandmoreefficientlytotakebetteraccountoftechnicalprogress.(28)ThefollowingDirectivesshouldberepealed:—Directive2002/24/EC,—CouncilDirective93/14/EECof5April1993onthebrakingoftwoorthree-wheelmotorvehicles(1),—CouncilDirective93/30/EECof14June1993onaudiblewarningdevicesfortwo-orthree-wheelmotorvehicles(2),—CouncilDirective93/33/EECof14June1993onprotectivedevicesintendedtopreventtheunauth­orizeduseoftwo-orthree-wheelmotorvehicles(3),—CouncilDirective93/93/EECof29October1993onthemassesanddimensionsoftwoorthree-wheelmotorvehicles(4),—Directive95/1/EC,—Directive97/24/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof17June1997oncertaincomponentsandcharacteristicsoftwoorthree-wheelmotorvehicles(5),—Directive2000/7/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof20March2000onspeedometersfortwo-orthree-wheelmotorvehicles(6),—Directive2002/51/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof19July2002onthereductionofthelevelofpollutantemissionsfromtwo-andthree-wheelmotorvehicles(7),—Directive2009/62/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof13July2009relatingtothespaceformountingtherearregistrationplateoftwoorthree-wheelmotorvehicles(8),—Directive2009/67/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof13July2009ontheinstal­lationoflightingandlight-signallingdevicesontwoorthree-wheelmotorvehicles(9),—Directive2009/78/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof13July2009onstandsfortwo-wheelmotorvehicles(10),—Directive2009/79/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof13July2009onpassengerhand-holdsontwo-wheelmotorvehicles(11),—Directive2009/80/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof13July2009ontheidentifi­cationofcontrols,tell-talesandindicatorsfortwoorthree-wheelmotorvehicles(12),—Directive2009/139/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof25November2009onstatutorymarkingsfortwo-orthree-wheelmotorvehicles(13).(29)SincetheobjectivesofthisRegulation,namelytolaydownharmonisedrulesontheadministrativeandtechnicalrequirementsforthetype-approvalofL-categoryvehiclesandonmarketsurveillanceofsuchvehicles,cannotbesufficientlyachievedbytheMemberStates,andcantherefore,byreasonoftheirscaleandeffects,bebetterachievedatUnionlevel,theUnionmayadoptmeasuresinaccordancewiththeprincipleofsubsidiarity,assetoutinArticle5oftheTreatyonEuropeanUnion.Inaccordancewiththeprincipleofproportionality,assetoutinthatArticle,thisRegulationdoesnotgobeyondwhatisnecessaryinordertoachievethoseobjectives,EN2.3.2013OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnionL60/55(1)OJL121,15.5.1993,p.1.(2)OJL188,29.7.1993,p.11.(3)OJL188,29.7.1993,p.32.(4)OJL311,14.12.1993,p.76.(5)OJL226,18.8.1997,p.1.(6)OJL106,3.5.2000,p.1.(7)OJL252,20.9.2002,p.20.(8)OJL198,30.7.2009,p.20.(9)OJL222,25.8.2009,p.1.(10)OJL231,3.9.2009,p.8.(11)OJL201,1.8.2009,p.29.(12)OJL202,4.8.2009,p.16.(13)OJL322,9.12.2009,p.3.HAVEADOPTEDTHISREGULATION:CHAPTERISUBJECTMATTER,SCOPEANDDEFINITIONSArticle1Subjectmatter1.ThisRegulationestablishestheadministrativeandtechnicalrequirementsforthetype-approvalofallnewvehicles,systems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitsreferredtoinArticle2(1).ThisRegulationdoesnotapplytotheapprovalofindividualvehicles.However,MemberStatesgrantingsuchindividualapprovalsshallacceptanytype-approvalofvehicles,systems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitsgrantedunderthisRegulationinsteadofundertherelevantnationalprovisions.2.ThisRegulationestablishestherequirementsforthemarketsurveillanceofvehicles,systems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunitswhicharesubjecttoapprovalinaccordancewiththisRegulation.ThisRegulationalsoestablishestherequirementsforthemarketsurveillanceofpartsandequipmentforsuchvehicles.3.ThisRegulationiswithoutprejudicetotheapplicationoflegislationonroadsafety.Article2Scope1.ThisRegulationshallapplytoalltwo-orthree-wheelvehiclesandquadricyclesascategorisedinArticle4andAnnexI(‘L-categoryvehicles’),thatareintendedtotravelonpublicroads,includingthosedesignedandconstructedinoneormorestages,andtosystems,componentsandseparatetechnicalunits,aswellaspartsandequipment,designedandconstructedforsuchvehicles.ThisRegulationalsoappliestoenduromotorcycles(L3e-AxE(x=1,2or3)),trialmotorcycles(L3e-AxT(x=1,2or3))andheavyallterrainquads(L7e-B)ascategorisedinArticle4andAnnexI.2.ThisRegulationdoesnotapplytothefollowingvehicles:(a)vehicleswithamaximumdesignspeednotexceeding6km/h;(b)vehiclesexclusivelyintendedforusebythephysicallyhandi­capped;(c)vehiclesexclusivelyintendedforpedestriancontrol;(d)vehiclesexclusivelyintendedforuseincompetition;(e)vehiclesdesignedandconstructedforusebythearmedservices,civildefence,fireservices,forcesresponsibleformaintainingpublicorderandemergencymedicalservices;(f)agriculturalorforestryvehiclessubjecttoRegulation(EU)No167/2013oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof5February2013ontheapprovalandmarketsurveillanceofagriculturalandforestryvehicles(1),machinessubjecttoDirective97/68/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof16December1997ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtomeasuresagainsttheemissionofgaseousandparticulatepollutantsfrominternalcombustionenginestobeinstalledinnon-roadmobilemachinery(2)andDirective2006/42/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof17May2006onmachinery(3)andmotorvehiclessubjecttoDirective2007/46/EC;(g)vehiclesprimarilyintendedforoff-roaduseanddesignedtotravelonunpavedsurfaces;(h)pedalcycleswithpedalassistancewhichareequippedwithanauxiliaryelectricmotorhavingamaximumcontinuousratedpoweroflessthanorequalto250W,wheretheoutputofthemotoriscutoffwhenthecycliststopspedallingandisotherwiseprogressivelyr