2021年上海海洋大学管理学原理题库已分类整理好附答案完全版TRUE/FALSET1.Managementisoftenconsidereduniversalbecauseitusesorganizationalresourcestoaccomplishgoalsandattainhighperformanceinalltypesofprofitandnot-for-profitorganizations.T2.Leadershipinvolvestheuseofinfluencetomotivateemployeestoachievetheorganization’sgoals.F3...
TRUE/FALSET1.Managementisoftenconsidereduniversalbecauseitusesorganizationalresourcestoaccomplishgoalsandattainhighperformanceinalltypesofprofitandnot-for-profitorganizations.T2.Leadershipinvolvestheuseofinfluencetomotivateemployeestoachievetheorganization’sgoals.F3.Organisingmeansdefininggoalsforfutureorganizationalperformanceanddecidingonthetasksandresourcesneededtoattainthem.F4.Efficiencyreferstothedegreetowhichtheorganizationachievesastatedobjective. F5.Themanager’sabilityto‘thinkstrategically’requireshightechnicalskillsandaproficiencyinspecifictaskswithinanorganization. F6.First-linemanagersarethemanagerswhohavetheresponsibilityformakingthesignificantstrategicpolicydecisions,oftenwithstaffmanagersassistingtheminthesedecisions.T1.Thelearningorganizationisanattitudeorphilosophy(哲学)aboutwhatanorganizationcanbecome.F2.Theessentialideainalearningorganizationisefficiency.F3.Asamanager,Loupreferstothinkintermsof‘controlover’ratherthan‘controlwith’others.Thisisinagreementwiththeideaofalearningorganization.T4.Empowermentmeansgivingemployeesthepower,freedom,knowledge,andskillstomakedecisionsandperformeffectively.F5.TheoryXandTheoryY,proposedbyDouglasMcGregor,providetwoopposing(相反)viewsofworkers:TheoryXrecognisesthatworkersenjoyachievementandresponsibility,whileTheoryYrecognises(承认)thatworkerswillavoidworkwheneverpossible.F1、Thestudyofmanagementtraditionallyhasfocusedonfactorsexternaltotheorganizations.T2、Thegeneralenvironmentandthetaskenvironmentarethetwolayersofanorganization’sexternalenvironment.F3、Customersandcompetitorsaretwoimportantsectorsoftheeconomicdimension(次元)ofafirm’sgeneralenvironment.F4.Otherorganizationsinthesameindustryortypeofbusinessthatprovidegoodsorservicestothesamesetofcustomersarereferredtoassuppliers.F5.Theinternalenvironmentwithinwhichmanagersworkincludescorporate(公司)culture,socioculturalaspectsandcustomers.T1、Foundbetweenthedomains(领域)oflawandfreechoice,ethics(道德规范)isthecodeofmoralprinciplesthatgovernsanyindividualorgroup.T2、Mostethicaldilemmas(困境)involveaconflictbetweentheneedsofthepartandthewhole.F3.Thefourapproachesthatguideethicaldecisionmakingareutilitarian(功力),individualism,moral-rightsandobjectivedualism(双重论).F4.Freechoiceliesbetweenthedomainsofcodifiedlawandethics.F5.Mostofthelawsguidinghumanresourcemanagementarebasedontheindividualismapproach.F6.Cultureistheonlyaspectofanorganizationthatinfluencesethics.T7.Allstockholdersofanorganizationareitsstakeholders,butnotallstakeholdersareitsstockholders.F1、Ofthefourmanagementfunctions,organizingisthemostfundamental(主线),aseverythingpractical(实际)stems(血统)fromcarefulorganization. T2.Adesiredfuturestatethattheindividualororganizationattemptstorealizeisagoal. F3.Plansspecify(列举)futureends;goalsspecifytoday’smeans. F4.Theactofdeterminingtheorganization’sgoalsandthemeansforachievingthemiscalledgoalsetting.T5.Goalsandplansarevaluabletoanorganizationbecausetheyprovidelegitimacy(合法),rationale(基本原理)fordecisionsandanincreaseinmotivation(积极性)andcommitment(承诺). T6.Anorganization’smissiondescribesitsreasonforexistence. T7.Missionstatementsoftenreveal(显示)thecompany’sphilosophyaswellaspurpose. T8.Strategicplansandgoalsarethosethatfocusonwheretheorganizationwantstobeinthefutureandpertain(属于)totheorganizationasawhole. F9.ReviewingprogressisthemostdifficultstepinanMBOprocess. T10.Long-termplanningincludesstrategicgoalsfortheoverallorganization.F1、Byfarthemostdifficultdecisionsituationisuncertainty.T2、Achoicemadefromavailablealternativesiscalledadecision。F3、Theclassicaldecisionmakingmodelassumesthatthedecision-makerisrational,andmakestheoptimaldecisioneachtime.F4、Decision-makingmustnotbedoneamidever-changingfactors,unclearinformationandconflictingpointsofview.F5、AccordingtotheVroom-JagoModel,leadersshouldbeconcernedwithdecisioncharacteristicslikeacommitmentrequirement,problemstructureandsubordinateconflict.T1.Organizationalstructurereferstotheframeworkinwhichtheorganizationdefinesthewaytasksaredivided,resourcesaredeployedanddepartmentsarecoordinated.T2.Authorityistherighttouseresources,makedecisionsandissueordersinanorganization.F3.Giventhechallengestomeetcustomerneedsandadapttotheenvironment,mostorganizationstodaydiscouragemanagerstodelegateauthoritytothelowerlevels.T4.Thenumberofemployeesreportingtoasupervisorishisorherspanofmanagement.T5.Anadvantageofverticalfunctionalstructureisitsquickresponsetoexternalchanges.T1、Thesetofactivitiesthatareundertakentoattract,developandmaintainaneffectiveworkforceisreferredtoashumanresourcemanagement.F2、Aninterviewisaone-waycommunicationchannelthatallowstheorganizationtoobtaininformationabouttheapplicant.T3、HRplanning,choosingrecruitingsources,andselectingthecandidatearethefirstthreestepsinvolvedinattractinganeffectiveworkforce.T4、Thevalueofanexitinterviewistoprovideanexcellentandinexpensivetoolforlearningaboutpocketsofdissatisfactionwithintheorganizationandhenceforreducingfutureturnover.MultipleChoiceC1.Thefigureheadroleinvolves:A.motivatingandcommunicatingwithstaffB.initiating(发起)changeC.handlingceremonial(正式)andsymbolicactivitiesD.developinginformationsourceswithintheorganizationE.stayingwellinformedaboutcurrentaffairs B2.Howanorganizationgoesaboutaccomplishingaplanisakeypartofthemanagementfunctionof:A.planningB.organizingC.leadingD.controllingE.motivatingE3.Whichofthefollowingisnotafunctionofmanagement?A.controlB.planC.organizeD.LeadE.performanceA4.Asocialentity(本质)thatisgoaldirectedanddeliberately(慎重地)structuredisreferredtoas:anorganizationB.managementC.employeesD.studentsE.tasks C5.Whichofthefollowingtypesofskillsistheunderstandingofandproficiencyintheperformanceofspecifictasks?A.humanskillB.leadershipskillC.technicalskillD.conceptual(概念上)skillE.socialskillE6.Theinformationalrole,accordingtoMintzberg,isa(n)____________role?A.entrepreneur(公司家)B.leaderC.figurehead(有名无实领袖)D.celebratoryE.monitorE1.__________forcesrefertothoseaspectsofaculturethatguideandinfluencerelationshipsamongpeople.A.LegalB.EconomicC.PoliticalD.PsychologicalE.Social E2.Variables(变量)suchasinterestrates,inflation(通货膨胀)andtradetariffs(关税)areallexamplesof_________forces.A.technologicalB.politicalC.socialD.socio-educationalE.noneoftheabove D3.Strategyhastraditionallybeenthesole(唯一)responsibilityof:A.middlemanagementB.projectmanagers(项目经理)C.companyaccountantsD.topmanagers C4.Duringtheearlytwentiethcentury,theprevailing(普通)managementperspective(观点),whichemphasisedrationality(合理性)andascientificapproach,wasthe_________perspective.A.scientificB.behaviouralC.classicalD.quantitativeE.Pareto C5.Thethreesubfields(子域)oftheclassicalperspectiveinclude:A. bureaucraticorganization,quantitativemanagement,andthehumanrelationsmovementB. quantitativemanagement,behaviouralscience,andadministrativemanagementC.administrativemanagement,bureaucraticorganization,andscientificmanagementD.scientificmanagement,quantitativemanagement,andadministrativemanagementE.noneoftheabove B6.Brucebelieveshisemployeesareresponsibleandabletoworkwithoutintensedirectionandsupervision(管理).Heisa:A.TheoryXmanagerB.TheoryYmanagerC.TheoryZmanagerD.contingency(偶尔性)theorymanagerE.classicalmanagerB1.Whichoftheseisapartofanorganization’sinternalenvironment?A.itscustomersB.itssalespeopleC.itswagestructureD.itssuppliersE.itscompetitorE2.The__________environmentrepresents(体现)theouterlayeroftheenvironmentandaffectsorganizations__________.A.task;indirectlyB.general;directlyC.internal;directlyD.internal;indirectly(间接地)E.general;indirectly C3.WhichoftheseisNOTapartofanorganization’sgeneralenvironment?A.technologicalB.economicC.competitorsD.legal-politicalE.socio-cultural D4.Anorganization’staskenvironmentincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT:A.competitorsB.customersC.labormarketsD.employersE.suppliersA5.Whichoftheseareincludedinanorganization’staskenvironment?A.suppliersB.accountingprocedures(手续)C.technologyD.governmentE.demographic(人口
学)characteristics B6.Whichofthefollowingconsistsofdemographicfactors,suchaspopulationdensity?A.technologicalenvironmentB.socioculturalenvironmentC.legal-politicalenvironmentD.internalenvironmentE.economicenvironment B7.The__________representspeopleintheenvironmentwhocanbehiredtoworkfortheorganization.A.competitorsB.labourmarketC.suppliersD.customersE.government C8.Whichstatement(论述)belowiscorrect?A.Whenenvironmentisdynamic(活跃),uncertaintyislow.B.Whentheenvironmentisunstable(动态),uncertaintyislow.C.Adynamicenvironmenthasmoreuncertaintythanastableenvironment.D.Thestability(稳定性)oftheenvironmentdoesnotdeterminethestructureofthefirm.E.Noneoftheabove.A9.Researchhasfoundthata(n)__________structureworksbestwhenorganizationsexperienceuncertainty.A.flexible(灵活)B.mechanistic(机械)C.intuitive(直觉)D.inorganicE.rigid(死板)C1、Whichofthesereferstothecodeofmoralprinciplesandvaluesthatgovernbehaviorwithrespecttowhatisrightandwrong?A.socialresponsibilityB.freedomainC.ethicsD.codifiedlaw(编纂法典)E.discretionary(任意)responsibility E2.Around____percentofadultsreachthelevelthreestageofmoraldevelopment.A.30B.40C.50D.80E.20 A3.Ethicsdealswith_______valuesthatareapartofcorporatecultureandshapesdecisionsconcerningsocialresponsibilitywithrespecttothe_______environment.A.internal/externalB.external/externalC.internal/internalD.external/internalE.noneoftheabove B4.Theassumption(假设)that‘Ifit’snotillegal,itmustbeethical,’ignoreswhichofthefollowing?A.domainofcodifiedlawB.domainofethicsC.domainoffreechoiceD.discretionaryresponsibilityE.domainofsymbolism C5.Thegoldenrule‘dountoothersastheywoulddountoyou’is:A.anexampleoftheutilitarianapproachtoethicalbehaviourB.representativeofthemoral-justiceapproachtomoraldecisionmakingC.anexampleofthevaluesthatguidetheindividualismapproachtoethicalbehaviourD.anage-oldpieceofadvisenottobetakentooseriouslyE.anexampleofthejusticeapproachtoethicalbehaviour B6.Individualismismostcloselyrelatedto:A.socialresponsibilityB.freechoiceC.economicresponsibilityD.codifiedlawE.togetherness D7.Sexualharassment(性骚扰)isunethicalbecauseitviolates(违背)animportantpartofwhichapproachtoethicalbehavior?A.theutilitarianapproachB.theindividualismapproachC.thejusticeapproachD.themoral-rightsapproachE.thedefensive(防御)approach D8.Mostofthelawsguidinghumanresourcemanagementarebasedonthe:A.utilitarianapproachB.moral-rightsapproachC.individualismapproachD.justiceapproachE.collectivism(集体主义)approachC1.Adesiredfuturestatethatanorganizationattemptstorealise(明白)iscalleda(n):planB.visionstatementC.goalD.missionstatementE.idea A2.__________specifyfutureendsand__________specifytoday’smeans.A.Goals,plansB.Plans,goalsC.Planning,organisingD.Ideas,behavioursE.Mission,visionC3.Whichoftheseistheactofdeterminingtheorganization’sgoalsandthemeansforachievingthem?A.organisingB.brainstormingC.planningD.developingamissionE.ablueprintB4.Theplanningprocessbeginswithwhichofthese?A.thedevelopmentofoperational(运作)goalsB.thedevelopmentofamissionstatementC.communicationofgoalstotherestoftheorganizationD.acompany-widemeetingE.brainstorming D5.The__________isthebasisforthestrategiclevelofgoalsandplanswhichinturn(空)shapesthe__________and__________level.A.goal,mission,tacticalB.operationalgoal,missionandtactical(方略)C.objective,operational,missionD.mission,tactical,operationalE.tacticalplan,operational,mission A6.__________areprimarilyconcernedwithtacticalgoals/plans.A.MiddlemanagementB.BoardofdirectorsC.ConsultantsD.SeniormanagementE.Lowermanagement D7.Whichoftheseareprimarilyresponsibleforstrategicgoals/plans?A.middlemanagementB.boardofdirectorsC.consultants(征询者)D.seniormanagementE.lowermanagement D8.Astatementthatidentifiesdistinguishingcharacteristicsofanorganizationisknownas:A.agoalsstatementB.avaluesstatementC.anincomestatementD.amissionstatementE.acompetitive-edgestatement C9.Theorganization’sreasonforexistenceisknownas:A.theorganization’svalueB.theorganization’svisionC.theorganization’smissionD.theorganization’sgoalE.theorganization’sservice C10.‘Weseektobecomethemajorcomputermaintenance(维修)businessinShanghai’isanexampleofastatementyouaremostlikelytofindintheorganization’s:A.tacticalgoalsB.operationalgoalsC.missionD.tacticalplansE.operationalplansB11.Goalsthatdefinetheoutcomesthatmajordivisions(部门)anddepartmentsmustachieveinorderfortheorganizationtoreachitsoverallgoalsarecalled:A.strategicgoalsB.tacticalgoalsC.operationalgoalsD.amissionE.aplanA12.Specificresultsexpectedfromindividualsarecalled:A.operationalgoalsB.tacticalgoalsC.strategicgoalsD.operationalplansE.missionstatementsD13.__________goalsleadtotheattainment(成就)of__________goals,whichinturnleadtotheattainmentof__________goals.A.Operational,strategic,tacticalB.Tactical,operational,strategicC.Strategic,tactical,operationalD.Operational,tactical,strategicE.Noneoftheabove A14.ThefirststepintheMBOprocessis:A.settinggoalsB.developingactionplansC.appraising(评价)overallperformanceD.reviewingprogressE.reliant(依赖)ontheobjectives,whichshouldbelaiddown(制定)firstA15.ThefinalstepintheMBOprocessisto:A.appraiseoverallperformanceB.developanactionplanC.reviewprogressD.setgoalsE.conductperiodiccheckups(周期审查) C16.Contingency(偶尔性)plansare:A.plansthataredevelopedtoachieveasetofgoalsthatareunlikelytoberepeatedinthefutureB.plansthatusedtoprovideguidancefortasksperformedrepeatedlywithintheorganizationC.plansthatdefinecompanyresponsestospecificsituations,suchasemergenciesorsetbacksD.mostimportantintheorganizationsE.noneoftheaboveA1.Achoicemadefromavailablealternativesisknownasa_________.A. decision B. plan C. plannedgoal D. tactic E.strategyC2.Thelowestpossibilityoffailureisassociatedwiththeconditionof:A. ambiguity B. uncertainty C.certainty D. RiskE. twooftheaboveC3.Theclassicalmodelofdecisionmakingisbasedon__________assumptions.A. philosophical B. irrational C. economic D. uncertainty E. industrialC4.Whichoftheseisthefirststepinthemanagerialdecisionmakingprocess?A. evaluationandfeedback B. developmentofalternatives C. recognitionofdecisionrequirement D. diagnosisandanalysisofcauses E. selectionofdesiredalternativesA5.Feedbackisimportantbecause:A.decisionmakingisacontinuousprocess B.itprovidesdecision-makerswithnewinformation C.ithelpsdetermineifanewdecisionneedstobemade D. alloftheabove E.BandConlyC1.Whichofthesereferstothedeploymentoforganizationalresourcestoachievestrategicgoals?A.planningB.controllingC.organisingD.leadingE.strategicmanagementC2.Strategydefines_______todowhileorganisingdefines_______todoit.A.how,whatB.how,whyC.what,howD.what,whyE.when,whatB3.Organizationstructureisdefinedas:A.thevisualrepresentationoftheorganizationB.theframeworkinwhichtheorganizationdefinedhowtasksaredivided,resourcesaredeployed,anddepartmentsarecoordinatedC.thedivisionoflabourD.theunbrokenlineofauthoritythatlinksallindividualsintheorganizationE.noneoftheaboveC4.__________istheformalandlegitimaterightofamanagertomakedecisions.A.DelegationB.ResponsibilityC.AuthorityD.LeadershipE.SpanofmanagementB5.Whichofthesemeansthateachemployeeisheldaccountabletoonlyonesupervisor?A.scalarprincipleB.unityofcommandC.workspecialisationD.divisionoflabourE.spanofmanagementC6.__________meansthatdecisionauthorityislocatednearthe__________oftheorganization.A.Centralization,bottomB.Decentralization,topC.Centralization,topD.Centralization,middleE.NoneoftheaboveD7.Whichofthefollowingisacontemporaryapproachtostructuraldesignindepartmentalization?A.functionalB.divisionalC.MatrixD.teamsE.geographic-basedE8.Advantagesofthematrixstructureinclude:A.Itincreasesemployeeparticipation.B.Itmakesefficientuseofhumanresources.C.Itworkswellinachangingenvironment.D.Itdevelopsbothgeneralandspecialistmanagementskills.E.Alloftheabove.A9.Anadvantageofthedivisionalstructureis:A.concernforcustomers’needsishighB.thereislittleduplicationofservicesacrossdivisionsC.thereisgoodcoordinationacrossdivisionsD.topmanagementretainstightcontroloftheorganizationE.thereisnocompetitionforcorporateresourcesD10.Disadvantagesofthenetworkapproachinclude:A.alackofhands-oncontrolB.thepossibilityoflosinganimportantpartoftheorganizationC.weakenedemployeeloyaltyD.alloftheaboveE.AandConlyE1. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleoforganizationalchange?A. theswitchtoanewproductionmethod B. thedecisiontoofferanewproductlineC. theintroductionsofanewpayforperformancesystem D. alloftheabove E. AandBonlyA2. Theadoptionofanewideaorbehaviourbyanorganizationisknownasorganizational: A.change B. DevelopmentC.structureD.intervention E.responsibilityB3. Environmentalforcesforchangeincludewhichofthese? A.organizationalplans B.globalcompetition C.companyproblems D.organizationalneeds E.employeesB4. Atwhichstageofthechangeprocessdomanagersevaluateproblemsandopportunities?A. monitorforcesforchangeB. needforchange C.initiatechange D.implementchange E.internalforcesA5. GeneralElectric,accordingtoyourtextbook,closeditsmicrowavefactoryinresponseto:A.internalforces B.environmentalforces C.alackofcashflowatGE D.demandsbyemployees E.demandsbylabourunionsD6. Search,creativity,andnew-ventureteamsareallassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingstepsofthechangeprocess? A. initiatingchange B.recognisingtheneedforchange C.implementingchange D.needforchange E.analyzingfeedback C7. AllofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofcreativeorganizationsEXCEPT: A. useofteams B. risktakingnormsC.centralisation D.alongtermhorizon E.loosecontrolsC8. WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofacreativeindividual? A.conceptualtheory B.undisciplinedexploration C. persistenceandfocusedapproach D.authorisationanddependent E.alloftheabovearecharacteristicofacreativeindividualD9. Sarah-Maree,anewemployeeofyours,strikesyouascurious,open-minded,andreceptivetonewideas.YouhavedecidedtokeepyoureyeonSarah-Maree,forshemayverywellbe: A. anoutstandingperformer B. anindividualwithahighneedforachievement C.asatisfiedemployee D.acreativeindividual E.noneoftheabove A10. Creativeorganizations: A.arecharacterizedbyanunusuallyhighnumberofroutinejobsB. arelooselystructured C.havelittleambiguity D.havetoomanylayersofmanagement E.useacentralizeddecisionmakingapproachA11. __________is(are)importantrole(s)tobeplayedduringtheprocessoforganizationalchange.Theideachampion B. Thecritic C.Thesponsor D.InventorE.AlloftheaboveC12. Aunitseparatefromtherestoftheorganizationresponsibleforthedevelopmentofamajorinnovationisknownas: A. thenewproductgroup B. thematrixgroup C. thenew-ventureteam D. theverticalgroupE. thechangeteamC13. Thebiggestbarriertoorganizationalchangeisusually: A. disagreementaboutthebenefits B. uncertaintyaboutthefuture C. alackofunderstandingandtrust D. fearofpersonalloss E. toomuchtrust C14. Whatisforcefieldanalysis? A.theanalysisoftheforcesthatdrivecustomerstoacertainorganization B.theanalysisoftheforcesthatdrivetheorganizationofacompany C.theprocessofdeterminingwhichforcesdriveandwhichresistaproposedchange D.theprocessbywhichanorganizationforceschangestooccur E.noneoftheaboveC15. Whichapproachtochangeimplementationshouldbeusedwhenusershavepowertoresist?A. education B. participation C. coercionD. topmanagementsupport E. dominationD16. Whichofthefollowingusesformalbargainingtowinacceptanceandapprovalofadesiredchange? A. education B. participation C. coercion D. negotiation E. topmanagementsupport E17. __________symbolizestoallemployeesthatthechangeisimportantfortheorganization.A. Education B. Coercion C. Participation D. Negotiation E. TopmanagementsupportA18. Aflexible,decentralizedstructureencourageswhattypeofchanges? A. newproduct B. technological C. structural D. culture/people E. product/structureB19. __________approachmeansthatideasareinitiatedatlowerorganizationallevelsandchanneledupwardforapproval. A. Bottom-up B. Top-down C. horizontal-linkage D. Vertical-matrix E. NoneoftheaboveC20. Thetop-downprocessforchangedoesnotgenerallyworkforchangesintechnologybecause A. peopleneedtoteamupforthesechanges B. topmanagerslacktheexpertiseintechnologicalchanges C. employeedissatisfactionisaforceforchange D. technologicalchangesaredesignedtomaketheproduc
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