Unit 5 For Want of a Drink教案

Unit5一、授课时间：第11—12周二．授课类型：课文10课时；习讲解2课时三．授课题目：ForWantofaDrink四．授课时数：12五．教学目的和：通过讲授课文使学生了解人类正在面临水资源严重匮乏的事实，给每一个人敲响了警钟，学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。六．教学重点和难点：1）背景知识的传授：TheEarthquakeinPort-au-Prince;Noah’sArk;TheByzantineemperorJustinian;Osiris;theJordan;theGanges;2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；3）语言点的理解：Wordstudy:apparatus;aquifer;arid;breed;capacious;category;chronically;deity;delta;desalination;diminish;distribute;diversion;endangered;equilibrium;ethanol;evaporate;extinct;extract;famine;finite;flush;girder;glacierGrammarFocus:Learntousehowtodenoteimpliedcondition.七．教学基本内容和纲要PartOneWarm–upWarm-upQuestions1.WhatistheauthortryingtotellpeopleinthisessayIsheaddressinganyparticulartargetaudience2.HowdoestheauthorexplaintheimportanceofwatertohumanbeingsDoyouagreewiththeauthorthatwaterisatleastasimportanttousasoil3.DoyouagreethathumanityisnowfacingaseriouswatercrisisWhydoestheauthorsay“Everyonemustuselesswateriffamine,pestilenceandmassmigrationarenottosweeptheglobe”Howdothosecountrieswithabundantwaterresourcesaffectglobalwatershortage4.HastheauthorsaidanythingnewtoyouinthisessayArethereanylinesinthisessaythatyoufindparticularlythought-provokingandfeelparticularlydeserveourattentionUnderlinethemandsharewithyourclassmates.5.HaveyoufoundanythingimportantthattheauthorhasleftuntouchedonthistopicHowwouldyouimproveuponthisessayifyouaretowriteasimilarpiece6.DoyoufindtheessayhardtofollowbecauseitistechnicalandscientificAreyouboredwiththeseendlessdiscussionsofenvironmentalproblemsCanyouexplainwhyyoufeelthewayyoudowhenyoureadthisessayPartTwoBackgroundInformationAuthorNoah’sArk;Port-au-Prince;TheByzantineemperorJustinian;Osiris;theJordan;theGangesPartThreeTextAppreciationTextAnalysis3.1.1Themeofthetext3.1.2StructureofthetextWritingDevices3.2.1ThedevelopmentofthisessaybygivingsomefiguresSentenceParaphrasePartFourLanguageStudyPhrasesandExpressions4.1.1Wordlist:4.1.2Phrasesandexpressionslist:4.1.3WordBuildingGrammar4.2.1ObjectPartFiveExtensionGroupdiscussionDebating八、教学方法和措施本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。九．作业，讨论题，思考题完成课后练习；多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；坚持用英语写日记；做一些专四相关练习；十．参考资料：1)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，学生用书。北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。2)杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（4）第二版，教师用书。北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。3)李观仪主编，《新编英语教程》（第三、四册）。上海:上海外语教学研究出版,1999。4)黄源深，虞苏美等主编，《综合英语教程》（1-4册）。北京：高等教育出版社，1998。5)《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，北京：外语教学研究出版社，2000。6)JudyPearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998。7)丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。8)张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994。9)张道真，温志达,《英语语法大全》上、下卷。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998。十一、课后小结Unit5ForWantofaDrinkPartOneWarm–upWarm-upQuestions1.DoyouthinkwaterisimportantYes,wateristhesourceofalllifeandweneediteveryday.Nomatterwhoweare,whereweare,orwhatwedo,wearedependentonwater.2.Whatisthesituationofwaterresourcesontheearth70percentoftheearthiscoveredwithwaterbut%ofourwaterresourcesaresalty-----it’sseawater.90percentofallfreshwaterisiceandsnow,locatedinpolarareasoronhighmountains.3.DoweChineseneedtoworryaboutwaterYes,becauseofhugepopulation,Chinahaslessthanaquarteroftheworld’saveragepercapitawatercapacity.4.Whatshouldwedotosavewaterresources1).Whenwewashhandsandfaceweshouldn’tleavethewaterrunning,we’dbetteruseabasin.Whenweleave,weshouldturnoffthetaps.2).Whenwetakeabath,don’thavethewaterrunningallthetime.3).Thewaterweusedcanbeusedtowatertheflowersorsweepthefloor.PartTwoBackgroundInformationAsisknowntoall,theyellowriverisourmotherriver,withouther,wecan’tliveahappylife.Butshehasbeenpollutedbyus.whenyoulookatthispicture,whatwouldyouthinkofThroughhistory,waterisinpeople’sbodyandsoul.Whenwegetbacktoourhistory,thereisaclassicstoryaboutwaterconservancythatisDaYu’SSuccessfulRegulatingofFloodwaters.YutheGreatwasthechieftainofthelegendaryXiahouclan.HewasoriginallycalledYuorXiayu.Accordingtolegend,theYellowRiverfloodedduringthereignofEmperorYao,andthepeoplewereforcedtoabandontheirvillages,andgotoliveintreesoronmountaintops.Thefloodbroughtgreatmiserytothepeople.EmperorYao,thechieftainoftheYan-Huangtribalalliance,appointedGuntoharnesstheflood.Gunbuiltdikestokeepbackthewater,butfailed.shun,whosucceededYao,killedGun,andappointedGun'ssonYutocontinuewiththeflood-harnessingwork.Yuadoptedthedredgingmethodtoleadthefloodwaterstoflowalongrivercoursesintothesea.Yuworkedveryhard.Itwassaidthatduringthe13yearshespenttamingthefloods,hepassedhishomethreetimes,butdidnotenteruntilhistaskwascompleted.Asaresultofhissuccessfulefforts,thepeoplebestowedonhimthetitle“YutheGreat”andShunchoseYuashissuccessor,withtheapprovalofthetribalchieftains.theJordanRiverandtheGangesChristians,Jews,andMuslimsallconsideredconsidertheJordanRiverholy.EveryyearmanypeoplefromallovertheworldgototheJordanRiverforreceivingbaptism.TheEarthquakeinPort-au-PrincePort-au-PrinceisthecapitalandlargestcityofthecaribbeancountryofHaiti,andisoneofthenation'slargestcentersofeconomyandfinance.Itwascatastrophicallyaffectedbyanearthquakeonjanuary12,2010,withlargenumbersofstructuresdamagedordestroyed.Haiti'sgovernmenthasestimatedthedeathtollat230,000andsaysmorebodiesremainuncounted.AidhasbeendeliveredtoPort-au-Princebynumerousnationsandvoluntarygroupsaspartofaglobalreliefeffort.PartThreeTextAppreciationTextAnalysis3.1.1Themeofthetext1)Inthisarticle,theauthorintroducesawarningaboutthewatercrisisandthengivesacausalanalysisofwatershortage:populationexplosionsincethesecondhalfofthelastcentury,soaringagriculturaldemandsforbettertastingfoodandgrowingindustrialanddomesticdemandsforwater.3.1.2StructureofthetextPart1.Introduction:Awarningaboutawatercrisis(paras.1-2)Part2.Causalanalysisofwatershortage(paras.3-5)Para.3:PopulationexplosionsincethesecondhalfofthelastcenturyPara.4:SoaringagriculturaldemandsforbettertastingfoodPara.5:Growingindustrialanddomesticdemandsconsuming30%ofthewithdrawalPart3.Difficultyinsatisfyingthesedemands(paras.6-8)Para.6:ThesupplyofwaterbeingfinitePara.7:97%oftheworld’swaterbeingsaltyPara.8:FreshwateravailableforlivingthingsbeingscarcePart4.Characteristicsofwaterasnaturalresource(paras.9-15)Paras.9-10:WaterbeingnotevenlydistributedParas.11-12:WaterbeinglocalandheavytomoveParas.13-15:UndergroundwaterbeingalmostusedasafreeresourcePart5.Reiterationofthevalueofwater(Paras.16-17)Part6.Conclusion:Difficultyinusingtheresourcesensibly(paras.18-19)Para.18:ThebeliefthatwaterisafreeresourcePara.19:TheholyqualitywaterisinvestedwithRelevantquestions:Q1:DowehaveawaterproblemornotQ2:HowseriousistheproblemQ3:WheredoesourcountrystandintheworldintermsofitsshareofwaterresourcesQ4:WhatarethemaincausesofourwaterproblemQ5:WhatdoyouthinkwecandotosolvethisproblemWritingDevices3.2.1ComparisonSentenceParaphrase1.Whenthewordwaterappearsinprintnowadays,crisisisrarelyfarbehind.(para.1)Today,wheneverpeoplementiontheword“water”inbooksornewspapers,youknowtheyaregoingtotalkaboutwatercrisis.Theopeningparagraphsummarizeswhatbooksandnewspaperarticlessayaboutthepresentwaterproblem.①inprint:printedinabook,newspaper,etc.②rarelyfarbehind:verynear2.Water,itissaid,isthenewoil:aresourcelongsquandered,nowgrowingexpensiveandsoontobeoverwhelmedbyinsatiabledemand.(par1)Likeoil,water,anaturalresource,whichhasforalongtimebeenstupidlywasted,isbecominganexpensivecommodity,andwillsoonbeexhaustedbytheexcessiveconsumptionofhumanity.HerethewriterisremindingpeopleoftheMideastOilCrisisinthe1970’s.InOctober1973,ArabpetroleumexportingcountriescutoffexportsofpetroleumtomanyWesternnations,includingtheUnitedStates,inresponsetotheirinvolvementintheArab-Israeliconflicts.Theembargo禁运，贸易禁令ledtorisingoilpricesintheearly1970’s,bringingwidespreadpanictoWesterncountries.Manypeoplebelievethathighoilconsumptioninthesecountrieswastherootcauseoftheoilcrisis.TheMideastOilCrisisenhancedpublicenvironmentalawarenessandheightenedpublicconcernovernaturalresourcescarcity.3.Aquifers地下蓄水层arefalling,glaciersvanishing,reservoirsdryingupandriversnolongerflowingtothesea.(para.1)Thissentenceexplainswhytheauthorbelievesthatwateris“soontobeexhausted”bydescribingwhatishappeningtomajorwater-holdingpartsofEarthincludingaquifers,glaciers,rivers(allnaturallyformed),andman-madereservoirs.Theauthorusesaccurateandspecificverbstoshowtheyaredisappearingfromourplanet:①(aquifers)falling:becominglower②(glaciers)vanishing:melting③(reservoirs)dryingup:becomingdry④(rivers)nolongerflowingtothesea:（sectionsofthem）dryingupsothattheyarenolongeracontinuousflowofwatertothesea.4.Climatechangethreatenstomaketheproblemworse.(para.1)①threaten预示凶兆:tobelikelytoharmordestroysth,.1).Globalwarming,whichcausestheseastorise,threatenstoengulfislands.2).Thecivilwaristhreateningtosplitthecountry.3).Thecountry’scrippling有严重危害的debtscouldthreatenitsentirefinancialsystem.5.Everyonemustuselesswateriffamine,pestilenceandmassmigrationarenottosweeptheglobe.(para.1)Allofusmustuselesswatertoavoidsuchdisastersasfamine,epidemic,andmassmigrationthroughouttheworld.massmigration:herereferringtothemovementoflargenumbersofpeoplefromoneplaceoronepartoftheworldtoanothertoescapethedisasterscausedbyshortageofwaterNote:Theconcludingsentencesuggestsasimplesolutiontotheproblem:uselesswater.6.Thelanguageisoftenoverblown,andtheremediessometimesill-conceived筹划不周的;计划欠周详的,butthebasicmessageisnotwrong.(para.1)Thelanguageusedinthesebooksandarticlesareoftenexaggerated,andthesolutionssuggestedsometimesdonotsoundsensible(forexample,wemayask,“isitsensibletourgepeopletouselesswaterwhentheywanttomaintainacomfortablelifestyleandliveonanutritiousdiet”)①ill-conceived:notshowingcarefulthought;notsoundingsensible②thebasicmessage:thekeyideathatpeopleshoulduselesswater7.Bringingsupplyanddemandintoequilibriumwill,andpoliticaldisputesmayincreaseinbepainfulnumberandintensifyintheircapacitytocausetrouble.(para.2)Itisextremelydifficulttobalancepeople’sdemandformorewaterandtheamountofwaterthatisavailable.①bringingsupplyanddemandintoequilibrium:makingdemandmatchsupply;notusingmorewaterthanisavailable②politicaldisputesmayincreaseinnumber:(therewillbe)moreandmorepoliticaldisputesoverwater③intensifyintheircapacitytocausetrouble:(andthesedisputes)maycausemoreandmoreserioustroubles8．Tocarryonwithpresentpracticewouldindeedbetoinvitedisaster.(para.2)Ifpeoplemaintaintheirpresentlifestyleandcontinuewastingwaterthewaytheydo,theywouldheadfordisaster.Thisisasentenceofimpliedcondition,whichisconveyedinthesubject“tocarryonwithpresentpractice.”invite:toencouragesthbadtohappen,esp.withoutintendingto,.1).TheFirstLady’srecenttripinvitedsharpcriticism.thegreenrevolution,inaninspired有创造力的；品质优秀的；combinationofnewcropbreeds,fertilizersandwater,madepossibleahugeriseinthepopulation.(para.3)Thesentenceliststhecausesforatremendousincreaseintheworld’sfoodsupply.Firstandforemost,improvedmethodsoffarming,thenbetterbreeds,andfertilizers.Theconsequenceisahugeriseoftheworld’spopulation.①thegreenrevolution:atermwidelyusedtodescribetheefforttoincreaseanddiversifycropyieldsinagriculturallylessadvancedregionsoftheworld/alargeincreaseintheamountofcrops,suchaswheatorrice,thatareproducedbecauseofimprovedscientificmethodsoffarming②inspired:extraordinarygood,brilliantandcreative1).Thefilmishailedasaninspiredadaptationofabestseller.2).SheisoneofthefewinspiredteachersI’veeverseen.10．Domesticactivitiestaketheother8%.(para.5)①domesticactivities:referringtosanitation,wastedisposal,etc.11.Onereasonisthatthesupplyofwaterisfinite.Onereasonisthattheamountofwateravailableislimited.12.Theworldwillhavenomoreofitin2025or2050thanithastoday,orwhenitlappedatthesidesofNoah’sArk.(para.6)In2025or2050,theworld’swatersupplywillbethesameasitistoday,orinthedaysofNoah.WhenitlappedatthesidesofNoah’sArk:whenfloodwaterhitthesidesofNoah’sArkinsmallwavesThemetaphorisusedtoemphasizethefactthatworld’swatersupplyhasremainedthesamesinceancienttimes.13.thelawofconservationofmass(para.6)In1772,BritishphysicianDanielRutherfordisolatednitrogenfromairanddiscoveredthatobjectswouldnotburninit.FouryearslaterBritishchemistJosephPriestleydiscoveredthatobjectsburnedmorebrightlyandrapidlyinoxygen,anothercomponentofair.BasedonPriestley’sdiscoveries,FrenchchemistAntoineLavoisierpostulatedthatairwasamixtureofoxygenandnitrogenandthatonlyone-fifthofairwasoxygen.Heproposedthatoxygenwasthepartofairthatcombinedchemicallywithburningorrustingmaterials.Lavoisieralsoconsolidateddiscoveriesmadeinconnectionwithgasesintothelawofconservationofmass.Thelawofconservationofmassstatesthat,inachemicalreaction,thetotalamountofmatterremainsconstant.Thelawofconservationofmassservedasthecornerstoneof19th-centurychemistry.Naturerecycleswaterallthesame.Waterinoceans,lakes,andriversevaporates,orturnsintoagasandrisesintotheair.Thewatervaporeventuallyturnsbackintoaliquidandfallsasrain.ThewatercyclekeepsthetotalamountofwateronEarththesame.14.Thevalueofwaterasacommodityofcoursevariesaccordingtolocality,purposeandcircumstance.(para.9)①vary:tochangeorbedifferentaccordingtothesituation,.1).Teachingmethodsshouldvaryaccordingtothetopic.2).Theabilitytotoleratepainvariesfrompersontoperson.3).Classsizeofelementaryschoolsherevariesbetween35and40.4).Thepriceofacutandblow-dryvariesfrom$to$25.15.Scarceorplentiful,waterisabovealllocal.(para.11)Whetherthereislittleoralotofit,mostimportantly,waterisfoundinparticularareas,noteverywhereonEarth(notevenlydistributed).①scarceorplentiful:aphrasefunctioningasaconditionalclauseMoreexamples:1).Allpeople,blackorwhite,richorpoor,shouldlivesidebyside.2).Inwealthorinpoverty,hiswifeprovedareliableanchorforhislife.16.…theopportunitiesdiminishtothepointwhereithasnousesexcepttosustaindeltas,wetlandsandtocarrysiltouttosea.(para.11)…nearthesea,theriverwaterbecomeslessandlessusefulexceptfinallytosustaindeltas,wetlandsandtocarrysiltouttosea.17.…asthedemandsoffarmershaveoutgrowntheirsuppliesofrainandsurfacewater.(pa.13)…asfarmersneedmorefreshwaterthantheycangetfromrivers,lakesandreservoirsaswellasrainfalls.①outgrow:togrow/increasefasterthan,.1).Mankindisoutgrowingfoodsupplies.2).Thecity’smigrantpopulationhasoutgrownitspublicfacilities.3).Mygranddaughterhasoutgrownallherclothes.18..…thequantitiesbeingwithdrawnexceedtheannualrecharge.(para.13)①withdraw:(figurativeuse)totakewaterfrombelowthesurfaceofEarth(asyoutakemoneyfromyourbankaccount)②exceed:tobegreaterthanaparticularnumberoramount.1).Whendeathsexceedbirths,thepopulationgoesdown.2).Incomeisexpectedtoexceedexpenditure.③recharge:torefill(abattery)withelectricity,here:torefill(theground)withwaterNote:Theword“charge”hasmanydifferentmeanings.19.…deep-groundwatertableshavedroppedbyupto90meters.(para.14)①watertable:groundwaterlevel,thatis,theuppersurfaceofgroundwater,belowwhichporesintherocksarefilledwithwater.20.Partofthebeautyoftheboreholeisthatitrequiresnoelaborateapparatus.(para.15)Obtainingwateroutofthegroundbydrillingdeepholesiseasy,requiringnocomplicatedequipment.①thebeautyofsth:anattractive,useful,orsatisfyingfeaturethatmakessthesp.suitableoruseful,.1).Oneofthebeautiesofmicrobloggingisthatyoucangetyourmessagetolargenumbersofpeoplespeedily.2).Partofthebeautyofworkingathomeisthatyoudon’thavetohurrytoandfromtheworkplace.Note:Thechoicebetween“partofthebeauty”and“oneofthebeauties”dependsonwhetheryouregardtheword“beauty”ascountableoruncountable.②borehole:adeepholedrilledintothegroundtoobtainsamplesforgeologicstudyortoreleaseorextractwateroroil21.Asinglefarmermaybeabletosinkhisowntubewellandstartpumping.(para.15)①tubewell:apipewithholesinthesidesneartheend,thatisputintothegroundandusedwithapumpoperatedbyhandtobringwaterupfromundertheground22.ThatiswhyIndiaandChinaarenowperforatedwithmillionsofirrigationwells,eachdrawingonthecommonresource.(para.15)ThatiswhymillionsofirrigationwellshavebeenduginIndiaandChina,bothusingthesupplyofwaterbelongingto/sharedbythewholecommunity.①perforate:tomakeaholeorholesinsth,orpartofyourbody②drawonsth:tousepartofasupplyofsththatbelongstoagroupofpeople.1).Intheroadaccident,hislungwasperforated.2).Shetoldherchildrennottowearearphones,fortheycanperforatetheireardrums.23.Butevenbigaquifersarenotimmunetothelawsofphysics.①beimmuneto/fromsth:tobenotinfluencedoraffectedbysththathappensorisdone,.1).NBAisnotimmunetoeconomicrecession.2).Johnseemstobeimmunetoteasing.24.Butalmostnowherewillthepricereflectscarcity…(para.15)Manycountriesarefacedwiththeproblemofwatershortage,buttheresourceisfreealmosteverywhere.Itslowpricedoesnotshowthescarcityofit.Here,thewriterisadvocatingtreatingresourceasacommodity,thepriceofwhichisdeterminedbysupplyanddemand.Thiscanhelpcontrolandmanagethestuff.①will:usedtoindicatethewaythatsthusu.happens25.Pricedornot,wateriscertainlyvalued,andthatvaluedependsontheusetowhichitisharnessed.(para.16)Whetheritisreasonablypricedornot,waterisavaluableresource,andthevalueisdeterminedbythepurposeitismadetoserve.①pricedornot:anotherpatternofcondensedconditionalclausesintroducedby“whether”Moreexamples:1).Believeitornot,a10-year-oldgirlbeataprofessionalatchess.2).Likeitornot,learnersofEnglishhavetolivewithitsirregularspelling.②harness:toattachahorseorotheranimaltosthwithaharness,..Thefarmerharnessedtwooxentotheplow.Buthere,“harness”isusedfiguratively,.Insomeareas,thepoorfeelharnessedtotheirjobs.“Harness”alsomeans“togaincontrolofsthanduseitforsomepurpose,”.1).Thewindmillisanexampleofhowpeopleharnessthewindtoproduceelectricity.26.…andforthisthereisnosubstitute.(para.17)…andnootherstuffcanreplacewater.27.NoonesurvivedintheruinsofPort-au-PrinceformorethanafewdaysafterJanuary’searthquakeunlesstheyhadaccesstosomewater-basedfoodordrink.(para.17)①intheruinsofPort-au-Prince:inthecompletelydamagedcityofPort-au-Prince②January’searthquake:referringtotheearthquakethatstruckPort-au-Prince,on12January2010,devastatingthecity③hadaccesstosomewater-basedfoodordrink:hadsomefoodordrink,ofwhichwateristhemainingredient④-based:asuffixusedtoformadjectivesdescribingthebasicpartorfeatureofsth.apork-baseddish;carbon-basedfuels;acomputer-basedtesting;arice-baseddiet;acream-basedsauce;community-basedservice28.…manypeoplebelievewatertobeahumanright,anecessitymorebasicthanbreadoraroofoverthehead.(para.17)…manypeoplebelievethatwaterisarighteveryhumanbeingisentitledto.Itisanecessitymoreimportantthanfoodandshelter(forwaterisfinite,andhasnosubstitute).①ahumanright:Itreferstooneofthebasicrightsthatmanysocietiesthinkeverypersonshouldhave.Therighttolifeitselfandthebasicnecessitiesoffood,shelterandclothingmaybeconsideredfundamentalhumanrights.29.Fromthismuchfollows.(para.18)Thebeliefthatwaterisahumanright…resultsin/leadstomanyotherconsequences.①follow:tobealogicalconsequenceofsth,.1).Iftheexplanationisright,twothingsfollows.2).Theconclusionthatfollowsfromtheinvestigationisthatdrunkdrivingwastheimmediatecauseoftheaccident.3).Justbecauseachildfailsanexam,itdoesnotfollowthathewillfailthenext.30.a“democraticresource”(para.18)anaturalresourcethateveryhumanbeinghasajustclaimto.31.…hasasacredormysticalqualitythatisinvestedindeitieslikeGongGongandOsiris司阴府之神，地狱判官（古埃及的主神之一）andriversliketheJordanandtheGanges.(para.19)①invest:(oftenpassive)toprovidesb/sthwithaparticularqualityorcharacteristic,.1).TiananmenSquareinBeijingisinvestedwithdeephistoricsignificance.2).Hereasymannerandsimpleblackdressinvestedherwithgreatelegance.3).Asenseofwonderanddelightisinvestedinhispoems.②GongGong:inChinesemythology,awatergodorseamonster,saidtoresembleaserpentordragon.Heissaidtoberesponsibleforthegreatfloodstogetherwithhisassociate,XiangYao,whohasnineheadsandthebodyofasnake.TheyarebothkilledbyYutheGreat.32.…hasprovedsodifficulttoorganize.(para.19)…hasprovedsodifficultforpeopletoworkoutwayssothatitisusedsensiblyandefficientlybecausethisisboundtomeetwithopposition.PartFourLanguageStudyPhrasesandExpressions4.1.1Wordlist:1.conserve;reserve;preserve;pain;painful;hurt;hurtful;lack;short;scarce;change;alter;modify;shift;vary;conv