清华大学物理实验A1阻尼振动与受迫振动实验报告

阻尼振动与受迫振动实验 物理#实验#清华大学阻尼振动与受迫振动实验物理实验简要报告班级姓名学号结稿日期：阻尼振动与受迫振动实验报告（简要报告）一、阻尼振动实验数据记录及处理1、测量最小阻尼(阻尼0)时的阻尼比和固有角频率 序号 序号 1 129 4.859812404 26 110 4.700480366 -0.159332039 2 128 4.852030264 27 109 4.691347882 -0.160682382 3 127 4.844187086 28 108 4.682131227 -0.162055859 4 127 4.844187086 29 108 4.682131227 -0.162055859 5 125 4.828313737 30 107 4.672828834 -0.155484903 6 125 4.828313737 31 106 4.663439094 -0.164874643 7 124 4.820281566 32 106 4.663439094 -0.156842471 8 123 4.812184355 33 104 4.644390899 -0.167793456 9 122 4.804021045 34 103 4.634728988 -0.169292057 10 121 4.795790546 35 103 4.634728988 -0.161061557 11 121 4.795790546 36 102 4.624972813 -0.170817732 12 120 4.787491743 37 102 4.624972813 -0.162518929 13 119 4.779123493 38 101 4.615120517 -0.164002976 14 118 4.770684624 39 100 4.605170186 -0.165514438 15 117 4.762173935 40 100 4.605170186 -0.157003749 16 118 4.770684624 41 99 4.59511985 -0.175564774 17 117 4.762173935 42 98 4.584967479 -0.177206456 18 116 4.753590191 43 98 4.584967479 -0.168622712 19 115 4.744932128 44 97 4.574710979 -0.17022115 20 114 4.736198448 45 96 4.564348191 -0.171850257 21 114 4.736198448 46 96 4.564348191 -0.171850257 22 113 4.727387819 47 95 4.553876892 -0.173510927 23 112 4.718498871 48 94 4.543294782 -0.175204089 24 112 4.718498871 49 94 4.543294782 -0.175204089 25 110 4.700480366 50 93 4.532599493 -0.167880873 -4.166448636 -0.166657945于是得到：由得到：从而可得。 序号 1 2 3 4 5 /s 14.926 14.935 14.944 14.951 14.958由上表，可得均值。角频率的不确定度为：由此，角频率为：2、测量其他2种阻尼的相关振动参数。（1）阻尼1 序号 序号 1 105 4.653960350 6 67 4.204692619 -0.449267731 2 96 4.564348191 7 61 4.110873864 -0.453474327 3 88 4.477336814 8 56 4.025351691 -0.451985123 4 80 4.382026635 9 50 3.912023005 -0.470003630 5 73 4.290459441 10 46 3.828641396 -0.461818045 -2.286548856 -0.457309771由得到：可得阻尼比： 序号 1 2 3 4 5 /s 1.498 1.499 1.498 1.498 1.497 序号 6 7 8 9 10 /s 1.497 1.496 1.495 1.493 1.493由上表，可得均值角频率的不确定度为：角频率为：（2）阻尼2 序号 序号 1 163 5.093750201 6 88 4.477336814 -0.616413386 2 144 4.969813300 7 78 4.356708827 -0.613104473 3 127 4.844187086 8 68 4.219507705 -0.624679381 4 113 4.727387819 9 60 4.094344562 -0.633043256 5 100 4.605170186 10 53 3.970291914 -0.634878272 -3.122118769 -0.624423754由得到：这样，阻尼比为： 序号 1 2 3 4 5 /s 1.500 1.499 1.487 1.490 1.498 序号 6 7 8 9 10 /s 1.497 1.497 1.495 1.494 1.492由上表可得：角频率不确定度为：角频率为： 下面将两个阻尼的部分振动参数的计算结果整理在表格中： 名称 阻尼1 阻尼2 二、受迫振动实验数据记录及处理测定受迫振动的幅频特性和相频特性曲线 由于实验中途更换仪器，现直接给出实验二的1阻尼1表1阻尼1受迫振动振幅和相位关系对应表 序号 1 1.514 58 29.4 29.4 29.4 4.150056346 0.967635403 2 1.499 73 39.9 39.9 39.9 4.191584595 0.977318212 3 1.488 86 50.0 50.0 50.0 4.222570771 0.984543011 4 1.482 97 59.5 59.4 59.45 4.239666199 0.988529015 5 1.474 106 70.1 70.0 70.05 4.262676599 0.993894165 6 1.469 110 80.4 80.4 80.4 4.277185369 0.997277059 7 1.465 112 90.1 90.1 90.1 4.288863691 1.000000000 8 1.460 109 99.8 99.9 99.85 4.30355158 1.003424657 9 1.455 102 110.3 110.3 110.3 4.318340417 1.006872852 10 1.449 94 120.2 120.0 120.1 4.336221744 1.011042098 11 1.443 83 129.3 129.4 129.35 4.354251772 1.015246015 12 1.443 68 140.2 140.4 140.3 4.354251772 1.015246015 13 1.419 52 150.0 149.9 149.95 4.427896622 1.032417195②阻尼2表2阻尼2受迫振动振幅和相位关系对应表 序号 1 1.529 46 30.4 30.2 30.3 4.109342909 0.958142577 2 1.509 57 40.0 40.2 40.1 4.163807361 0.970841617 3 1.495 67 50.4 50.4 50.4 4.202799537 0.979933110 4 1.487 74 59.6 59.5 59.55 4.225410429 0.985205111 5 1.478 79 70.3 70.4 70.35 4.251140262 0.991204330 6 1.472 82 79.8 80.0 79.9 4.268468279 0.995244565 7 1.466 83 90.5 90.5 90.5 4.285938136 0.999317872 8 1.459 81 99.9 100.1 100 4.306501239 1.004112406 9 1.453 76 110.2 110.1 110.15 4.324284451 1.008258775 10 1.446 71 119.2 119.1 119.15 4.345218055 1.013139696 11 1.436 62 129.4 129.4 129.4 4.375477233 1.020194986 12 1.424 52 139.4 139.4 139.4 4.412349233 1.028792135 13 1.405 40 149.2 149.1 149.15 4.472018012 1.042704626根据表1和表2的数据，借助MATLAB计算机仿真，得到受迫振动的幅频特性曲线如图1所示。同时，受迫振动的相频特性曲线如图2所示。图1受迫振动幅频特性曲线图2受迫振动相频特性曲线 由图像得，与前面相符。 下面逐点求实测相位差与由算值的相对偏差。①阻尼1,表3阻尼1误差与参数关系表 序号 1 29.4 4.150056346 23.41692 -0.255502432 2 39.9 4.191584595 31.84448 -0.252964407 3 50.0 4.222570771 42.45252 -0.177786383 4 59.45 4.239666199 51.00687 -0.165529271 5 70.05 4.262676599 66.74388 -0.049534429 6 80.4 4.277185369 79.16857 -0.015554531 7 90.1 4.288863691 90.00000 -0.001111111 8 99.85 4.303551580 103.4902 0.035174345 9 110.3 4.318340417 115.6699 0.046424351 10 120.1 4.336221744 127.6175 0.058906498 11 129.35 4.354251772 136.7162 0.053879496 12 140.3 4.354251772 136.7162 -0.026213426 13 149.95 4.427896622 155.9330 0.038369043②阻尼2,表四阻尼2误差与参数关系表 序号 1 30.3 4.109342909 24.48479 -0.237502956 2 40.1 4.163807361 33.35051 -0.202380413 3 50.4 4.202799537 43.85588 -0.149218759 4 59.55 4.225410429 52.57484 -0.132671065 5 70.35 4.251140262 65.60277 -0.072363255 6 79.9 4.268468279 76.24877 -0.047885756 7 90.5 4.285938136 87.99366 -0.028483188 8 100 4.306501239 101.8978 0.018624543 9 110.15 4.324284451 112.8923 0.024291294 10 119.15 4.345218055 123.83 0.037793749 11 129.4 4.375477233 135.7498 0.04677576 12 139.4 4.412349233 145.5451 0.042221277 13 149.15 4.472018012 155.0306 0.037931866附：原始数据记录表格11