计算机导论课后习题答案

计算机导论课后习题答案 Key To Chapter Review (Chapter1) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer The most essential part of an information system. 1 People Coordinates computer resources. 7 Operating System Modifies signals for processing. 10 Modem Data that has been processed by the computer. 12 Information Unprocessed facts. 13 Data Notebook computer that accepts handwritten 14 Tablet PC input.. Down Num. Clue Answer Uses computers to become more productive. 2 End User Rules or guidelines to follow when using 3 Procedures software, hardware, and data. Created by word processors. 4 Document Files Specialized programs that allow input and output 5 Device Drivers devices to communicate. Created by database management programs. 6 Database Files The physical equipment of a microcomputer. 8 Hardware The world’s largest computer network. 9 Internet Provides step-by-step instructions to the 13 Software computer. Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 B E 2 B F 3 A I 4 B H 1 5 D A 6 D C 7 A G 8 C B 9 D D 10 D J Open Ended Questions: 11.Explain the five parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system? a. People: making people, or end users more productive. Procedures: The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are procedures. Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). Hardware: The equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware. Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called data. b. People are surely the most important part of any information system. Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 2 12.What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software? c. System software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. System software is “background” software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources. d. It consists of operating systems, utilities, and device drivers. 13.Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Describe some different types of basic applications. Describe some types of specialized applications. e. Basic applications, or general-purpose applications, are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered computer competent. One of these basic applications is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. f. Specialized applications, also known as special-purpose applications, include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are graphics, audio, video, multimedia, Web authoring, and artificial intelligence programs. 3 14.Describe the different types of computers. What is the most common type? What are the types of microcomputers? g. There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe, computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. h. Microcomputers are the most widely used and fastest-growing, type of computer. (10) i. There are four types of microcomputers: desktop, notebook, tablet PC, and handheld computers. 15.What is connectivity? How are the wireless revolution and connectivity related? What is a computer network? What is the Internet? What is the Web? j. Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers. k. The single most dramatic change in connectivity in the past five years has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices. These wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution, a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology. l. A computer network is a communications system connecting two or more computers. m. The largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world. 4 The Web, also known as the World Wide Web or WWW, provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet. Key To Chapter Review (Chapter2) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Provide users a connection to the Internet. 2 ISP Unwelcome e-mail. 3 Spam Explore the Web. 5 Surf Internet uploading and downloading service. 7 FTP Steals credit card information. 8 Carder A file, such as a document or worksheet, that is attached 9 Attachment to an e-mail message. Involves the sale of a product to another business. 10 B2B Connection to Web resources. 13 Link Process of transferring information from a remote 15 Download computer to the computer one is using. Down Num. Clue Answer The sites that a search engine returns after running a 1 Hits keyword search. Special program written in Java. 4 Applet Locates information online. 5 Search Engine Location of Web resource. 6 URL Program that provides access to Web 11 Browser Used to block certain sites. 12 Filter Provides high-speed connection using existing telephone 14 DSL lines. 5 Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 d i 2 a d 3 c g 4 c e 5 a f 6 a c 7 a h 8 a j 9 d a 10 b b Open Ended Questions: 11.Discuss the uses of the Internet. Which activities have you participated in? Which one do you think is the most popular? Some of the uses of the Internet are communicating, shopping, searching, entertainment, and education. Some activities of communicating are e-mailing, instant messaging, and discussion groups. Some activities of entertainment are music, movies, and computer games. Other activities to participate in are shopping, doing research online, and using online periodicals. The most popular is communicating. 12.Explain the differences between the three types of providers. National Service Providers • Providers, such as AOL, are the most widely used. • Provide access through standard telephone connections Regional Service Providers • Provide access through standard telephone connections • Service a smaller area • Users will incur long distance charges if outside their area Wireless Service Providers • Do not use telephone connects • Use wireless modems and other types of wireless devices to provide a connection 6 1. What are the basic elements of an e-mail message? The header, the message, and the signature line 4. What is social networking? Describe the three types of social networking sites. Social networking is connecting individuals to one another. There are three basic categories of social networking sites: reuniting, friend-of-a-friend, and common interest. , Reuniting: sites designed to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch. , Friend-of-a-friend: sites designed to bring together two people who do not know one another but share a common friend. , Common interest: sites designed to bring together individuals that share common interests or hobbies. 5. Describe the different types of search engines. Give an example of the type of search each engine is best for. Search engines • Keyword search – uses words and phrases to find information • Directory search – Also known as an index search organizes information by topic and/or category Ex: Google, Yahoo, and AskJeeves Metasearch engines , Automatically sends requests to several search engines simultaneously Ex: Dogpile, Profusion, and Metacrawler Specialized search engines Focus on a specific subject Ex: Infomat.com, Historynet.com, and Medsite.com 7 Key To Chapter Review (Chapter3) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Rectangular area that contains messages. 4 Window System to organize and retrieve data. 5 DBMS Collection of individual applications. 8 Software Suite Rearrange records using a field. 10 Sort Formed by intersection of row and column. 11 Cell Collection of related data. 14 Database Flyer, report, newsletter, Web page. 16 Document These make up a presentation. 17 Slides Question or request for data in a database. 18 Query Down Num. Clue Answer List of commands. 1 Menu Rectangular grid of rows and columns used in programs 2 Worksheet like Excel. Has records and fields. 3 Table Controls format and placement of slides. 6 Master Slide Requests user input. 7 Dialog Box Moves insertion point to next line. 9 Word Wrap Series of cells. 12 Range A vertical block of cells one cell wide. 13 Column Contain buttons and menus. 15 Toolbars Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 D J 8 2 D A 3 B C 4 D H 5 D B 6 A D 7 B I 8 B E 9 C G 10 D F Open Ended Questions: 6. Explain the difference between general-purpose and special-purpose applications. General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics. special-purpose applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations, such as graphics programs, audio and video editors, 7. Discuss the common features of most software programs. Describe the new interface introduced with 2007 Microsoft Office. The newest Office version, 2007 Microsoft Office, has a redesigned interface that is intended to make it easier for users to find and use all the features of an application. This new design introduces ribbons, contextual tabs, galleries, and more. • Ribbons replace menus and toolbars by organizing commonly used commands into a set of tabs. These tabs display command buttons that are the most relevant to the tasks being performed by the user. • Contextual tabs are tabs that appear automatically. These tabs only appear when they are needed and anticipate the next operations to be performed by the user. • Galleries simplify the process of making a selection from a list of alternatives. This is accomplished by replacing many dialog boxes with visual presentations of potential results. This new interface is the first major change in over a decade. 9 8. What is the difference between a function and a formula? How is a formula related to what-if analysis? A formula is an instruction to calculate or process. Functions are prewritten formulas provided by the spreadsheet program that perform calculations such as adding a series of cells. If a change is made to one or more numbers in a spreadsheet, all related formulas will automatically recalculate and charts will be recreated. Observing these changes is what-if analysis. 9. What are presentation graphics programs? How are they used? Presentation graphics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentations. They are excellent tools to communicate a message and to persuade people. 10. What is the difference between an integrated package and a software suite? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function (such as word processing) are not as extensive as in the individual programs (such as Microsoft Word). The primary advantages are cost and simplicity. A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group. While the applications function exactly the same whether purchased in a suite or separately, it is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to 10 buy each application separately. Key To Chapter Review (Chapter4) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Used to create real-time 3-D animation. 2 VRML Design tool used to plan multimedia presentations. 4 Story Board Editing software used to create MP3s. 6 ACID A type of personal Web site where articles are regularly 8 BLog posted. Creating a site. 9 Web authoring Representation of overall site design. 10 Graphical map Image recorded as a collection of objects. 13 Vector image Widely used type of Web animation. 15 Flash Down Num. Clue Answer Composed of thousands of pixels. 1 Bitmap image Special effect that blends images together. 3 Morphing User participation. 5 Interactivity Allows responses like “OK” and “Great!” 7 Fuzzy Logic Dots that make up an image. 11 Pixels Connection between pages in a multimedia presentation. 12 Link Attempt to develop computers that mimic human senses. 14 AI Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 A I 2 A G 11 3 A D 4 B E 5 A C 6 B F 7 C H 8 B B 9 A J 10 B A Open Ended Questions: 11. Describe graphics, including desktop publishers, image editors, illustration programs, image galleries, and graphics suites. Graphics programs used by professionals in the graphic arts profession. The include the following types of applications: Desktop publishing programs, or page layout programs, that allow users to mix text and graphics to create publications, Image editors which are specialized graphics programs for editing or modifying bitmap or raster images, Illustration programs that are used to create and to edit vector images, Image galleries are libraries of electronic images, and graphics suites which companies bundle their separate graphics programs in groups so users can purchase them at a lower cost than if purchased separately. 12. Discuss audio and video editing software. Video editing software allows you to reorganize, add effects, and more to your digital video footage. These programs are designed to allow you to assemble and edit new home videos and movies from raw digital video footage. Two commonly used video editing software programs are Apple’s iMovie and Windows Movie Maker. Audio editing software allows you to create and edit audio clips. Most audio editing software also has features that allow you to add audio effects, like filters, to your tracks. For example, you can use this type of software to filter out pops or scratches in an old recording. Some commonly used audio editing software programs are Ableton’s Live and Sony’s ACID. 13. What is multimedia? How are multimedia presentations developed? Multimedia is the integration of all sorts of media into one presentation. 12 For example, a multimedia presentation may include video, music, voice, graphics, and text. They are developed using the following steps: , Plan and analyze: Determine the overall objective of the project, the resources required, and the person or team of people who will work on the project. , Design: The creation of a story board is essential to the development of the project. , Create: Use a multimedia authoring program to create the interactive multimedia presentation. , Support: Evaluate effectiveness, identify errors, and revise as needed. 14. Describe Web authoring, including Web site design and Web authoring programs. Creating a site is called Web authoring. It begins with site design followed by creation of a document file that displays the Web site’s content. Designing a Web site begins with determining the site’s overall content. The content is then broken down into a series of related pieces of information. The overall site design is commonly represented in a graphical map. Web authoring programs, are typically used to create sophisticated commercial sites. Also known as Web page editors and HTML editors, these programs provide support for Web site design and HTML coding 15. Discuss three areas of artificial intelligence. The first area of AI is virtual reality. Virtual reality is an artificial, or simulated, reality generated in 3-D by a computer. Virtual reality is also commonly known as VR, artificial reality, or virtual environments. To navigate in a virtual space, you use virtual reality hardware including headgear and gloves. The headgear has earphones and three-dimensional stereoscopic screens. The gloves have sensors that collect data about your hand movements The second area of AI is knowledge-based (or expert) systems. Knowledge-based systems, also known as expert systems, are a type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users. These systems use a database, or knowledge base, that contains 13 specific facts, rules to relate these facts, and user input to formulate recommendations and decisions. The sequence of processing is determined by the interaction of the user and the knowledge base. The third are of AI is robotics. Robotics is the field of study concerned with developing and using robots. Robots are computer-controlled machines that mimic the motor activities of living things. There are three types of robots. • Perception systems: Perception system robots imitate some of the human senses. • Industrial robots: Industrial robots are used to perform a variety of tasks. • Mobile robots: Mobile robots act as transports and are widely used for a variety of different tasks. Key To Chapter Review (Chapter5) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Program that makes copies of files in case of damage or 5 Backup loss. Boot that occurs when the computer is already on. 6 Warm boot Combination of several utility programs in one package. 8 Utility Suite Allows communication between devices and the operating 9 Driver system. Concentric rings on a disk. 11 Tracks Used to control and coordinate networked computers. 12 NOS Down Num. Clue Answer 14 Location to store related files. 1 Folder Computer that coordinates all communication between 2 Network server other computers. Uses graphical elements to communicate with the 3 GUI operating system. Broken-up file stored in different sectors. 4 Fragmented Starting or restarting a computer. 5 Booting Operating system with over 80 percent of the market. 7 Windows Graphic objects on the desktop used to represent programs 10 Icons and other files. Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 C J 2 D D 3 C F 4 A B 5 A G 6 C H 7 B A 8 B E 9 A I 10 C C Open Ended Questions: 16. Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs? System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. System software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention. System software consists of four types of programs: • Operating systems coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. • Utilities, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. 15 • Device drivers are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. • Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process. 17. What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the three basic operating system categories? Every operating system performs various functions. These functions are: • Managing resources: These programs coordinate all the computer’s resources including memory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitor system performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the computer. • Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface. • Running applications: These programs load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory. The three main categories of Operating systems are: • Embedded operating systems - The entire operating system is stored within or embedded in the device and permanently stored on ROM. • Network operating systems (NOS) are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together. • Stand-alone operating systems control a single desktop or notebook computer. 18. Explain the differences and similarities between Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. They all perform the basic functions of an operating system. They manage resources, provide a user interface, and run applications. They all use a graphical user interface, and can network small groups of computers. The differences are as follows: Windows – has 90 percent of the market operating system market share, more application programs are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system, designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. The new version, Vista, has Advanced system security, a Three-dimensional workspace, and utilizes WinFS, makes it possible to locate files based on a description of their content. MAC OS- Designed to run on Apple machines, but with the latest version can also run on Intel microprocessors. It is not as widely used as Windows, but is one of the most innovative operating systems. It includes utilities such as Spotlight which is an advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, 16 folders, email messages, addresses, and much more, and Dashboard Widgets which are a collection of specialized programs that will constantly update and display information. Linux – Of the three operating systems, it is the only one that is an open source. It is a version of UNIX. It runs on powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web. It encourages others to modify and further develop the code. 19. Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite? Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The most essential are • Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs that recognize and correct problems, ideally before they become serious. • Antivirus programs that guard your computer system against viruses or other damaging programs that can invade your computer system. • Uninstall programs that allow you to safely and completely remove unneeded programs and related files from your hard disk. • Backup programs that make copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged. • File compression programs that reduce the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet. Utility suites combine several programs into one package. Buying the package is less expensive than buying the programs separately. 20. Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add Printer Wizard and Windows Update. Every device, such as a mouse or printer, that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it. This program, called a device driver, works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory. Windows’ Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance for selecting the appropriate printer driver 17 and installing that driver. Windows Update makes it easy to update the drivers on your computer. Key To Chapter Review (Chapter6) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Assists with the installation of expansion cards. 6 Plug and Play Memory which improves processing by acting as a 8 Cache temporary high-speed holding area between memory and the CPU. Controls the speed of operations. 10 System Clock Down Num. Clue Answer Part of a microcomputer that contains the CPU. 1 System Unit Controls and manipulates data to produce information. 2 Microprocessor The number of bits that can be accessed by the 3 Word microprocessor at one time. Holding area for data, instructions, and information. 4 Memory Used to connect external devices to system unit via ports. 5 Cable Unit consisting of eight bits. 7 Byte Most widely used microprocessor binary coding scheme. 9 ASCII Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 D J 2 B A 3 C C 4 B H 18 5 B G 6 A I 7 A D 8 C E 9 B F 10 C B Open Ended Questions: 21. Describe the four basic types of system units. • Desktop system units contain the system’s electronic components and selected secondary storage devices. Input and output devices are located outside the system unit. are portable and much smaller and contain the • Notebook system units electronic components, selected secondary storage devices, and input devices • Tablet PC system units are highly portable devices that support the use of a stylus or pen to input commands and data. • Handheld computer system units are the smallest and contain an entire computer system 22. Describe the two basic components of the CPU. • Control unit: tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions. It directs the movement of electronic signals between memory, which temporarily holds data, instructions, and processed information, and the arithmetic-logic unit. It also directs these control signals between the CPU and input and output devices. • Arithmetic-logic unit: The arithmetic-logic unit performs two types of operations: arithmetic and logical. Arithmetic operations are, as you might expect, the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations consist of comparisons. 23. What are the differences and similarities between the three types of memory? Random-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing. RAM is called temporary or volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the microcomputer is turned off. Read-only memory (ROM) chips have programs built into them at the factory. 19 Unlike RAM chips, ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user. Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chips provide flexibility and expandability for a computer system. They contain essential information that is required every time the computer system is turned on. 24. Identify five expansion cards and describe the function of each. • Sound cards: These cards accept audio input from a microphone and convert it into a form that can be processed by the computer. Also, these cards convert internal electronic signals to audio signals so they can be heard from external speakers. • Modem cards: These cards allow distant computers to communicate with one another by converting electronic signals from within the system unit into electronic signals that can travel over telephone lines and other types of connections. • Network interface cards (NIC): These cards are used to connect a computer to one or more other computers. The network adapter card typically connects the system unit to a cable that connects to the network. • TV tuner cards: TV tuner cards contain a TV tuner and a video converter that changes the TV signal into one that can be displayed on your monitor. • Video cards: These cards connect the system board to the computer’s monitor, and they convert the internal electronic signals to video signals so they can be displayed on the monitor. 25. Identify and describe four standard ports and three specialized ports. The four standard ports are: • Serial ports are used for a wide variety of purposes. They are often used to connect a mouse, keyboard, modem, and many other devices to the system unit. Serial ports send data one bit at a time and are very good for sending information over a long distance. • Parallel ports are used to connect external devices that need to send or receive a lot of data over a short distance. These ports typically send eight bits of data simultaneously across eight parallel wires. Parallel ports are mostly used to connect printers to the system 20 unit. • Universal serial bus (USB) ports are gradually replacing serial and parallel ports. They are faster, and one USB port can be used to connect several devices to the system unit. • FireWire ports are as fast as USB 2.0 ports and provide connections to specialized FireWire devices such as camcorders. The three specialized ports are: • Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) ports are a special type of serial port for connecting musical instruments to a sound card. The sound card converts the music into a series of digital instructions. These instructions can be processed immediately to reproduce the music or saved to a file for later processing. • Small computer system interface (SCSI) ports are a special type of highspeed parallel port for connecting a series of input and/or output SCSI devices to a single SCSI controller card. This arrangement allows several devices to communicate with the system unit through a single slot on the system board. • Infrared Data Association (IrDA) provide a wireless mechanism for transferring data between devices. Instead of cables, the IrDA ports from each device are directly aligned and infrared light waves are used to transmit data. One of the most common applications is to transfer data from either a handheld or notebook computer to a desktop computer. 21 Key To Chapter Review (Chapter7) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Used to grade multiple choice exams. 6 OMR Specialized digital camera that broadcasts images over the 9 WebCam Internet. Records images digitally on a disk. 10 Digital camera Most popular input device used for computer games. 13 Joystick Delivers much clearer picture than regular TV. 14 HDTV Resolution is expressed as a matrix of these dots. 16 Pixel Keyboard that rolls up for storage and transport. 17 Flexible Down Num. Clue Answer The distance between each pixel. 1 Dot pitch Most commonly used way to input data. 2 Keyboard Button rotated to scroll through information displayed on 3 Wheel Button the monitor. Most widely used type of mouse. 4 Mechanical Type of terminal that does no processing. 5 Dumb Number of times a screen is redrawn each second. 7 Refresh rate Measure of resolution. 8 dpi Keys that turn features on and off. 11 Toggle Translates processed information into hard copy. 12 Printer Bar code system used in supermarkets. 15 UPC Num Multiple Choice Matching Answers Answers 1 A I 2 B E 3 A F 22 4 B J 5 D A 6 A B 7 D G 8 C D 9 D C 10 B H Open Ended Questions: 26. Define input and output devices. An input devices are hardware used to translate words, sounds, images, and actions that people understand into a form that the system unit can process. An out put device is any hardware used to provide or to create processed data or information. 27. Describe the different types of pointing, scanning, image capturing, and audio-input devices. There is a wide variety of different pointing devices, including the mouse, joystick, touch screen, light pen, and stylus There are three types of scanning devices: optical scanners, bar code readers, and character and mark recognition devices. Image capturing devices, include digital cameras and digital video cameras. Audio-input devices include microphones and MIDI devices 28. Describe the three categories of output devices. The categories of output devices are monitors, printers and audio-output devices 29. Define output and output devices An output device is any hardware used to provide or to create processed data or information. Output is any processed data or information. 23 30. What are combination input and output devices? Describe four such devices. Combination input and output devices are hardware that combines input and output capabilities. Some of these devices are fax machines, multifunctional devices, Internet telephones, and terminals. Key To Chapter Review (Chapter8) Crossword Puzzle Answers: Across Num. Clue Answer Improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data 5 Disk caching needs. Web-based storage. 6 Internet drive Invisible wedge-shaped division of a track. 7 Sector Portable and removable storage device. 8 Floppy Runs through each track of a stack of platters. 10 Cylinder How tightly the bits can be packed next to each other. 11 Density Down Num. Clue Answer Ring of concentric circles without visible grooves. 1 Track Grouped disk drives treated as one hard disk by the 2 RAID computer system. Measures the amount of time required to retrieve data. 3 Access time Represent 1s and 0s. 4 Pits and lands Disk with 500 times the storage as a standard floppy. 9 Zip Num Multiple Choice Matching 24 Answers Answers 1 A G 2 A A 3 C J 4 A I 5 C D 6 A B 7 C H 8 D C 9 D F 10 C E Open Ended Questions: 31. Discuss the traditional and high-capacity floppy disks. The traditional floppy disk is the 1.44 MB 31/2-inch disk. The most common type is labeled 2HD, which means “two-sided, high-density” and have a capacity of 1.44 MB. Floppy disks have a thin exterior jacket made of hard plastic to protect the flexible disk inside. High-capacity disks, also known as floppy-disk cartridges, are rapidly replacing the traditional floppy disk. They are 31/2 inches in diameter, and are able to store more information, are thicker, and require special disk drives. 32. What are the three types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard-disk performance. There are three types of hard disks: internal hard disk, hard-disk cartridge, and hard-disk pack. Three ways to improve the performance of hard disks are disk caching, redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, and file compression/decompression. Disk caching improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU. Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) improve performance by expanding external storage, 25 improving access speed, and providing reliable storage. File compression and file decompression increase storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs. 33. What are the two most common optical disc formats? What is hi def? Describe the basic types for each format. The two most common optical disc formats are CD and DVD. The next generation of optical disc is called hi def (high definition), with a far greater capacity than DVDs. CDs, DVDs, and hi def have three basic types: read only, write once, and rewriteable. 34. Discuss solid-state storage, Internet hard drives, and magnetic tape. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Solid-state storage devices have no moving parts. While this type of storage is more expensive than the others, it is more reliable and requires less power. Internet hard drives are special service sites on the Web that provide users with storage. Advantages of Internet hard drives include low cost and the flexibility to access information from any location using the Internet. Disadvantages are access speed is slower because all information must travel across the Internet, and users are dependent on the availability and security procedures of the service site. Magnetic tape stores data and programs by altering the electromagnetic charges on a recording surface. One of the cheapest forms of secondary. However, it uses sequential access methods so it is one of the slowest to access specific information. Magnetic tape is an effective and commonly used tool for backing up data. 35. Discuss mass storage, enterprise storage systems, and mass storage devices. Mass storage refers to the tremendous amount of secondary storage required by large organizations. Enterprise storage systems are systems that large organizations use to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations. Mass storage devices are specialized high-capacity secondary storage devices designed to mee 26 27