及物动词与不及物动词的用法
及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语~
如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句~~
(一、) 分清及物不及物:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况: a(主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主,谓,宾";"主,谓,双宾";"主,谓,宾,宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them. 类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say,
seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b(主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主,谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c(既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins.
let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d(既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。
we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
及物动词不需要介词
在英语错误中,"及物动词,介词,宾语"(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的?a和?a便是这种情形: ?a. We study every day.
b. Do you study English every day.
?a. Please write clearly next time.
b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如?b和?b;?a和?a是错的;
*?a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are listening to the music. *?a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的?b和?b ,又如?和 ?:
? John is giving a book to me.
? Who will answer this question?
如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:
*? Who will answer to this question?
下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:
"We have many buyers awaiting for available units here." "Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词"for"是多余的,要去掉;不然把"awaiting"改为"waiting for"也行。 许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如:
? Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. ? In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ? World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
显然的,这三句里的介词"on/upon"和"about"是多余的,不必要的。
下面是些类似的错误:
? The young must obey to their elders.
? Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
? The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
? Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
? Do you hope to serve for your nation?
? When did Susan marry with Paul?
介词"to, on, from, for, with"都要去掉才对。
为什么会有这些错误呢,主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把"及物动词,宾语"和"不及物动词,介词,宾语"划分清楚,如: I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:
Don't approach such a person.
Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?