辽宁省学士学位外语统考课程参考教材与考试指南 完形填空翻译

辽宁省学士学位外语统考课程参考教材与考试指南 完形填空翻译 20页 Each Indian tribe had a different language. Many Indians never learned any language except their own. Do you know how Indians from different tribes talked to each other? They had two ways to talk without sound. One way was by sign language; the other way by signals. Sign language is a way of talking by using signs. Indians used sign language when they met strangers. In this way, they could find out whether the stranger was a friend or an enemy. In the Indian sign language, signs were made with the hands. One sign meant "man". Another meant "horse". To tell the time of day when something happened, an Indian pointed to the sky. He showed where the sun had been at the time. Indians usually used signals when they wanted to send messages to someone far away. To make signals, an Indian might use a pony. He might use a blanket. Or he might use smoke, a mirror or fire arrows. To signal that he had seen many animals, an Indian rode his pony in a large circle. Sometimes the Indian gave a signal like this and then went away to hide. This meant that there was danger. The blanket signal was visible from far away. An Indian held the corners of a blanket in his hands. Then he began to swing the blanket from side to side in front of him. An Indian could send many different signals with his blanket. He could also send many signals with a mirror. He usually used the mirror to warn someone of danger. Or he attempted to get the attention of a person far away. But he also used it to send messages in code. Of course, mirrors could be used only when the sun was shining. At night, Indians used fire arrows for signaling. An Indian also sent signals with smoke. He made a small fire of dry wood. Then he put grass or green branches on it. He held a blanket over the fire for a minute. When he removed the blanket from the fire, there was a cloud of smoke. The number of clouds of smoke told his message in code. Now you can see that Indians didn't need to learn each other's language. They could talk to one another by using signals or sign language. 61页 In his 1979 book, The Sinking Ark, biologist Norman Myers estimated that 1 of more than 100 human-caused extinctions occur each day, and that one million species 2 lost by the century's end. Yet there is little evidence of 3 that number of extinctions. For example, only seven species on the 4 .species list have become extinct 5 the list was created in 1973. Bio- 6 is an important value, according to many scientists. Nevertheless, the supposed 7 extinction rates bandied about are achieved by multiplying unknowns by 8 to get imponderables. Many estimates, for instance, rely a great deal on a "species-area 9 ”which predicts that twice as many species will be found on 100 square miles 10 on ten square miles. The problem is that species are distributed 11 , so which parts of a forest are destroyed may be as important as 12 . 13 ,says Ariel Lugo, director of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico, "Biologists who predict high extinction rates 14 the resiliency of nature". One of the main causes of extinctions is 15 . According to the consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, what destroys 16 trees is not commercial logging, but "poor farmers who have no other 17 for feeding their families than slashing and burning a 18 of forest". In countries that practice modern 19 agriculture, forests are in no danger. In 1920, U.S. forests covered 732 million acres. Today they cover 737 million. Forests in Europe 20 from 361 million to 482 million acres between 1950 and 1990. 1. [A] a figure [B] a total [C] an amount [D] an average 2. [A] would be [B] would have [C] will be [D] will have 3. [A] anything like [B] anywhere from [C] anywhere near [D] anything but 4. [A] jeopardized [B] threatened [C] risked [D] endangered 5. [A] thought [B] when [C] since [D] unless 6. [A] variety [B] diversity [C] polarization [D] differentiation 7. [A] throng [B] quantity [C] cluster [D] mass 8. [A] unsuitables[B] improbables [C] unpropers[D] inappropriates 9. [A] equation [B] formula [C] coordination [D] correspondence 10. [A] when [B] like [C] though [D] as 11. [A] orderly [B] widespreadly [C] randomly [D] densely 12. [A] which place [B] how many [C] which time [D] how much 13. [A] What is more [B] However [C] Nonetheless [D] Therefore 14.[A]undermine [B]underestimate[C]understate [D] undercalculate 15. [A] deplantation [B]reforestation[C]deforestation [D] replantation 16. [A] tropical [B] territorial [C] atmospheric [D] environmental 17. [A] capacity [B] occupation [C] opportunity [D] option 18. [A] stack [B] patch [C] field [D] plot 19. [A] high-quality [B]high-speed [C]high-yield [D] high-level 20. [A] expanded [B] extended [C] enhanced [D] improved 81页 I work in a company in India(And it has 21 in Germany and the UK, so I 22 take business trips to these places. We have a(n) 23 at the office by which anybody coming back to India from a foreign country gets chocolates for all the 24 . Naturally the chocolates are finished 25 because everyone loves them and 26 to grab(抓抢) as many as possible. I had noticed that the housekeeping staff(勤杂人员) 27 in our company never got to 28 even a single chocolate. Recently, I came back to 29 after a month-long trip from Munich and I'd bought a lot of chocolates for the office staff. I called over 30 of the housekeeping staff members called Babu. I gave him a box of chocolates and told him to distribute it 31 among the housekeeping staff. His face immediately broke into a wide smile and this made me 32 . But the story doesn’t 33 here. The best part of it a11 was that Babu actually distributed the chocolates among everyone equally, __34 giving extra chocolates to a woman who has a 5-year-old son. It was so 35 for me to see this. I find it really 36 to understand how we，who have the money to buy chocolates and other goodies, do not even feel like 37 and just think how much we can grab. 38 , Babu, who earns only just about enough to raise his family, was so 39 and did not even keep one extra chocolate for himself. It made me 40 one simple question: Which is better, having a little less money but being kind and generous or having lots of money but being selfish? 21(A(governments B(machines C(branches D(buildings 22(A(seldom B(frequently C(hardly D(never 23(A(order B(theory C(example D(tradition 24(A. employees B(children C(1eaders D(managers 25(A. at a time B(in time C(in no time D(on time 26(A. pretends B(fails C(hesitates D(tries 27(A(studying B(working C(playing D(helping 28(A(taste B(smell C(buy D(make 29(A(Germany B(England C(India D(China 30(A(those B(ones C(that D(one 31(A(unfairly B(equally C(extremely D(secretly 32(A(happy B(sad C(disappointed D(frightened 33(A(start B(continue C(end D(1ast 34(A(still B(yet C(instead D(even tiring B(touching C(worrying D(interesting 35(A( 36(A(easy B(funny C(hard D(strange 37(A(sharing B(dividing C changing D(enjoying 38(A(What’s more B(In reality C(Worse still D(On the other hand 39(A(diligent B(generous C(brave D(intelligent 40(A(make up B(figure out C(think of D(take off 101页 Eating less may bring longer life,A study by the National Institutes of Health __1__ that reducing calories by 30 percent __2__ to slow the rate of aging in monkeys，providing __3__ evidence that humans might live longer by eating less. The study has shown that a __4__ diet that includes a sharp reduction in calories __ a lower body temperature，a slower metabolism(新陈代谢) and caused the animals to __5 __6__ changes in the biochemical markers for aging. Dr.George Roth，a __7__ at the research center of the National Institute on Aging said，“This shows that what has been demonstrated in mice can also __8__ in monkeys.” “We have __9__ for 70 years that if you __10__ laboratory mice less food，they age __11__，they live longer and they get diseases less __12__，”he said.“We find that monkeys __13__ in the same way and that the same biological changes may be in __14__ here.” Dr.Roth said __15__ biochemical measurements also showed that eating less was __16__ for the monkeys. The study is continuing and __17__ 200 monkeys.Dr.Roth said that the diets of the monkeys included all of the __18__ vitamins and other nutriments __19__ that half of the monkeys received about 30 percent fewer calories than a __20__ group. 1(A.remarks B(believes C(causes D(shows 答案:D 2(A.aims B(appears C(demands D(agrees 答案:B 3(A.strange B(no C(new D(little 答案:C 4(A.wellbalanced B(wellprepared C(wellplanned D(wellcooked 答案:A 5(A.produce B(give C(have D(change 答案:C 6(A.more B(fewer C(faster D(deeper 答案:B 7(A.scientist B(doctor C(lawyer D(designer 答案:A 8(A.support B(perform C(promote D(apply 答案:D 9(A.heard B(known C(done D(made 答案:B 10(A.accumulate B(supply C(afford D(feed 答案:D 11(A.slower B(naturally C(smoothly D(outstandingly 答案:A 12(A.carefully B(obviously C(frequently D(definitely 答案:C 13(A.direct B(respond C(acknowledge D(urge 答案:B 14(A.play B(work C(peace D(battle 答案:A 15(A.some B(same C(other D(all 答案:C 16(A.healthy B(happy C(lucky D(fortunate 答案:A 17(A.advocates B(concerns C(refers D(involves 答案:D 18(A.referred B(asked C(helped D(required 答案:D 19(A.for B(therefore C(but D(as 答案:C 20(A.guide B(control C(mix D(ready 答案:B 142页 The space age officially began on October 4, 1957, ___1____ the Soviet Union launched the modest 185 pound Sputnik ?, the first _____2_____ satellite to orbit the earth. The following month, Russians successfully launched the 1100-pound Sputnik ?, ____3____ carried into space the globe, a female dog ____4_____ Laika, who suffocated (窒息) on the sixth day of the ____5____ because of a failure ____6____ the internal temperature of the craft. But the satellite itself orbited the earth for 162 days and ____7____ on reentering the earth’s atmosphere. The United States, ____8____ second fiddle (小提琴) to its superpower ____9____, orbited its first satellite, Explorer ?, on January 31, 1958. It was a lightweight, 18-pound craft, carrying not animals but ____10____ instruments to study the ____11____ bands of energy in space ____12____ the Van Allen radiation belts. Within ____13____ fifteen years man had gone to the moon, searching beneath its ____14_____ and dusty soil for ____15____ of life (there were ____16____), and begun probing more distant ____17____ of the solar system? ____18____ physicist, Werner Von Braun, played a crucial role in this odyssey (史诗), especially in ____19____ the bold scheme for the 1969 ____20____ of three Americans on the moon. 1. A) and B) when C) then D) before 2. A) space B) manned C) true D) artificial 3. A) which B) in which C) true D) it 4. A) named B) named for C) named as D) named after 5. A) course B) flight C) orbiting D) passage 6. A) on B) about C) in D) with 7. A) crashed B) hit C) damaged D) burned up 8. A) to play B) having played C) playing D) to have played 9. A) rival B) partner C) enemy D) friend 10.A) sensible B) sensitive C) accurate D) exact 11. A) intense B) sharp C) passionate D) violent 12. A) called as B) that is C) named as D) known as 13. A) following B) another C) the next D) the past 14. A) wet B) damp C) moist D) dry 15. A) indication B) sign C) symbol D) reference 16. A) no B) not C) neither D) none 17. A) universe B) sphere C) realms D) space 18. A) One B) Its C) This D) That 19. A) inverting B) planning C) devising D) plotting 20. A) carrying B) launching C) sending D) landing 160页 Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow, coming __1__ gently, blowing gleefully in a high wind, all the while __2__ down a treacherous carpet, freezes the windows,__3__ the view. The might of automated man is__4__ . The horses, the powerful electrical systems, the deep-tread tires, all go __5__ nothing. One minute the road feels __6__, and the next the driver is sliding over it, light as a__7__, in a panic, wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up__8__the rear are going to do. The trucks are like __9__ when you have to pass them, not at sixty or seventy __10__ you do when the road is dry, but at twenty-five and thirty. __11__ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow, slush and__12__ of ice spray from beneath the wheels, obscure the windshield, and rattle __13__your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of __14__ for you to slide and get mashed to a p. Inch __15__ inch you move up, past the rear wheels, the center wheels, the cab, the front pul wheels, all__16__too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue,__17__ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip,__18__in front of the vehicle. At last, there is__19__enough, and you creep back over, in front of the truck now, but__20__the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears. 1. ,A, up ,B, off ,C, down ,D, on 2. ,A, lies ,B, lays ,C, settles ,D, sends 3. ,A, blocks ,B, strikes ,C, puffs ,D, cancels 4. ,A, muted ,B, discovered ,C, doubled ,D, undervalued 5. ,A, for ,B, with ,C, into ,D, from 6. ,A, comfortable ,B, weak ,C, risky ,D, firm 7. ,A, loaf ,B, feather ,C, leaf ,D, fog 8. ,A, beneath ,B, from ,C, under ,D, beyond 9. ,A, dwarfs ,B, giants ,C, patients ,D, princesses 10. ,A, what ,B, since ,C, as ,D, that 11. ,A, So ,B, But ,C, Or ,D, Then 12. ,A, flakes ,B, flocks ,C, chips ,D, cakes 13. ,A, onto ,B, against ,C, off ,D, along 14. ,A, snow ,B, earth ,C, room ,D, ice 15. ,A, by ,B, after ,C, for ,D, with 16. ,A, climbing ,B, crawling ,C, winding ,D, sliding 17. ,A, meanwhile ,B, unless ,C, whereas ,D, for 18. ,A, sheer ,B, mostly ,C, rarely ,D, right 19. ,A, might ,B, distance ,C, air ,D, power 20. ,A, with ,B, like ,C, inside ,D, upon 答案 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.A 总体分析 本文描述了在冰雪覆盖的路面上开车的经历。文章首句为主题句，概括了这种经历的特点是“令人非常紧张”。第二至四句分别介绍了下雪带来的隐患和机器变得没有多大用处。从第五句到文章最后则描述了在这种不利条件下和大卡车一同行驶的紧张经历。 精解 1.,精解, 本题考查短语动词辨析。空格处填入的副词与动词come搭配，其分词形式作后置定语，修饰限定主语the snow。come down指“(雨、雪等)落下，降落”，如:The rain came down in torrents.(大雨滂沱。)因此,C,符合文意，在文中指“大雪飘落”。 come down也可意为“崩塌;(飞机)着陆;(价格、温度、比例)下降;下垂，向下延伸”，如:The ceiling came down.(天花板塌了下来。)Gas is coming down in price.(煤气价格在下降。)come up意为“破土而出;升起;即将发生”，如:The daffodils are just beginning to come up.(水仙花刚开始破土发芽。)watch the sun come up(观看日出)。Her birthday is coming up.(她的生日即将来临。)come off意为“能被去掉或除去;发生;(等)成功”， 如:That mark won’t come off.(那污点去不掉。)Did the trip to Korea come off?(去韩国的事最后成了吗,)come on意为“改进，发展;开始”，如:The project is coming on fine.(这项工程进展顺利。)I think there’s rain coming on.(我看要下雨了。) 2.,精解, 本题考查短语动词辨析。空格处填入的动词与down搭配，相当于及物动词，其主语是the snow，宾语是a treacherous carpet。lie down意为“躺下”;lay down意为“放下;记下;拟定”，如:lay down the arms/the rules(放下武器/制定规则);settle down意为“安下心来，定居”;send down只能接sb.作宾语，意为“判某人入狱”，如:He was sent down for ten years for armed robbery.(他因持械抢劫被判入狱十年。)因此,B,符合文意，意为“(大雪)吹落(一块毯子)”。 3.,精解, 本题考查动词辨析。空格处填入的动词接the view作宾语，而且它与前面的2 down和freezes并列作谓语，其主语都是the snow。作及物动词时，block意为“堵塞，阻塞”，如:to block the road(堵住了道路)。strike意为“撞击，打击，侵袭”，如:The ship struck a rock.(船触礁了。)The area was struck by an outbreak of plague.(这个地区爆发了瘟疫。)puff意为“吸，抽，喷”，如:to puff the cigar/smoke into sb.’s faces(抽雪茄/把烟往别人脸上喷)。cancel意为“取消”。能够和the view搭配的只有,A,block，示“挡住视线”。 4.,精解, 本题考查动词辨析。空格处填入的过去分词与is构成被动式的谓语，因此其动词的实际的宾语是the might(强大力量，威力)。mute意为“消除或减弱声音;减弱，缓解”，如:mute the traffic noise/the criticism(减弱了车辆的噪音/委婉地提出批评)。discover意为“发现，发觉”;double意为“加倍”;undervalue意为“低估...之价值，看轻”。因此,A,符合文意，它与the might搭配，表示“威力减弱”。 5.,精解, 本题考查固定短语。go for nothing相当于be in vain，意为“白费，毫无用处，毫无价值”。因此,A,正确，其他介词都不能与go和nothing构成搭配。 6.,精解, 本题考查形容词辨析。feel是系动词，意为“摸起来，感觉起来”，它常与形容词构成系表结构，如:The water feels warm.(这水摸起来很暖和。)本题中feel的主语是the road, 因此空格处的形容词应说明“道路”的特点。四个选项都可以修饰事物，comfortable一般指“(衣服、家具等)使人舒服的”，如:The bed/these shoes are very comfortable. (这床/这双鞋子很舒服。)weak意为“不牢固的，易损坏的”，如:The bridge is too weak to carry heavy traffic.(那座桥梁不太牢固，承受不住过多的车辆。)weak也可指“微弱的，隐约的”，强调不容易被看到或听到，如:a weak light/sound(微弱的光线/声音)。risky意为“有危险或风险的”，如:a risky investment(有风险的投资)。firm意为“坚固的，结实的，稳固的”，如:No building can stand without firm foundations.(没有稳固的基础，建筑就不牢靠。)根据上下文，空格处的形容词应与下文“容易滑倒”相对照，因此,D,正确，强调道路“结实”。 7.,精解, 本题考查英语语言习惯。英语和汉语中都有大量的比喻形式。有些比喻的喻体大不相同，如:spend money like water(挥金如土);有些则很相似，如:as firm as a rock(坚如磐石)，as light as a feather(轻如鸿毛)。因此本题应选,B,，文中用这个比喻形容“车子打滑时驾驶者失重的感受”。loaf意为“一条(面包)”;leaf意为“树叶”;fog意为“雾”。 8.,精解, 本题考查介词辨析。空格所在部分wondering... 是个分词结构，在句中作状 语，wondering的逻辑主语是the driver，逻辑宾语是what引导的宾语从句。该从句中，coming up... the rear也是一个分词短语，作从句主语trucks的后置定语。空格处填入介词，其宾语是the rear(后面、后边、后部)，根据文意，表示“从后面”应选,C,from。beneath和under都表示“在„„之下”，beyond表示“在(或向)较远的一边”，不符合逻辑。 9.,精解, 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格所在部分是一个比喻，说明卡车像什么。下文出现了两个when引导的状语从句的比较:路面干燥时的行驶速度为60或70，而此时的行驶速度为25和30。可见，文章在说明由于路面滑造成了行驶速度下降。根据逻辑推理，行驶缓慢时从大卡车旁开过花费的时间当然较长，因此它们看起来更像giants“巨人”，而不是dwarfs“矮子”,patients“病人”或princesses“公主”。因此,B,正确。 10.,精解, 本题考查从句引导词。空格所在句子中存在比较，即，you have to pass them not... you do when the road is dry(路面滑时开车不像路面干燥时那样快)，因此空格处填入的词应引导比较状语从句you do when... ，从句中do为上文动词pass的替代词。,C,as可用于比较结构，表示“像„„一样，如同”，如:He doesn’t earn as much as I do.(他挣的钱不如我多。)因此,C,正确。what只能引导名词性从句，what you do表示“你做的事情”;since一般引导时间状语从句，表示“从„„以后，自„„以来”;that只能引导定语从句或名词性从句。 11.,精解, 本题考查逻辑词辨析。空格处填入的词出现在句首，表示上文与空格所在句子之间的逻辑关系。then是副词，可用来引出额外的信息，意为“另外，还有;再者，而且”，如:She’s been very busy at work and then there was all that trouble with her son.(她工作一直很忙，另外还有儿子的一大堆麻烦事。)上文提到路面滑时从卡车旁开过的速度非常慢，本句则提到另一方面的问题是卡车的噪音非常大。因此,D,then正确，在文中意为“而且，此外”。其它选项:so表示因果关系;but表示转折关系;or表示选择关系。 12.,精解, 本题考查名词辨析。空格处填入的名词作定语修饰ice。flake意为“小薄片”，修饰snow时指“雪花”，又如:dried onion flakes(干洋葱皮片);flock一般指“(羊或鸟)群”或“一大群(人)”，如:a flock of sheep/children(羊群/一大群孩子);chip意为“碎屑，碎片，碎渣”，如:chips of wood(碎木屑);cake作名词时指“蛋糕或饼状食物”，作动词时意为“覆盖”。从下文可知，车轮子下溅出来的应是“雪、泥(slush)和碎冰渣”，因此,C,最符合文意。 13.,精解, 本题考查介词辨析。空格处填入的介词与动词rattle(象声词，“格格响，嘎嘎响”)搭配，其宾语是your car，主语是上文的snow, slush and chips of ice。选项中，onto表示“(朝某处或某位置运动)向，朝”，如:Move the books onto the second shelf.(把书移到第二层架子上。)against表示“逆着，与„„相反”或“紧靠，倚”，如:We were rowing against the current.(我们划船逆水而上。)lean against the wall(斜靠着墙)。off意为down or away from a place“从(某处落下)”，如:I fell off the ladder.(我从梯子上跌了下来。)along意为“沿着，顺着”，如:They walked slowly along the road.(他们沿着公路慢慢走)。根据句意，应是“雪、泥和碎冰渣溅到车上，又格格作响地从车上掉下来”，因此,C,正确。 14.,精解, 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。四个选项都是常见的简单词汇，关键要根据句子含义进行选择。空格所在句子的结构是there is plenty of sth. for you to... ，其中 不定式作结果状语，意为“轮子下有足够的„„让你打滑并被碾成肉酱”。根据句子逻辑，应是“(足够的)空间”，而非“雪”，“泥土”或“冰”。因此,C,正确。 15.,精解, 本题考查英语成语。英语讲究对称美，其表现之一为成语排列形式上的对称美，即，以介词、连词(and或or)或动词为“对称轴”，构成相同词、同词性的词、反义词或同类词的对称。本题inch by inch就是以介词by为“对称轴”构成的相同词(inch)的对称，意为“一点一点地”。类似结构的成语还有:head to head(交头接耳)，word for word(逐词地)，like for like(以牙还牙)。,A,为正确项。 16.,精解, 本题考查动词辨析。空格处填入现在分词作句子状语，其逻辑主语是you。climb一般指“(向上)攀登，(吃力地向某处)爬”，如:climb up the stairs(爬上了梯子)，climb through the window(从窗口爬了出来)。crawl指“(向前，身体接近地面的)爬行”，如:The baby is just starting to crawl.(宝宝刚开始会爬。)wind作不及物动词时，意为“(路，河等)蜿蜒，曲折而行”，如:The path wound down to the beach.(这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。)slide指“滑行，滑动”。根据句意，你(驾驶者)缓慢地从大卡车旁往前开，由于路面滑，只能是“慢慢地滑过”。因此,D,正确。 17.,精解, 本题考查逻辑词辨析。空格前后是两个独立的分句，因此空格处需要填入一个连词。meanwhile为副词，意为“同时”，放在句首时要么另起一句，要么与前一句用分号隔开，如:I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got well-paid jobs.(我上大学去了，那时我的朋友们全都找到了收入不错的工作。),A,首先排除。其他几个词都可作连词，unless意为“除非”，whereas常用于比较或对比两个事实，意为“然而，但是，尽管”;for意为“因为”。根据句意，空格前后两个分句之间是因果关系，即，“你(驾驶者)继续笔直地往前开，因为突然超车抢道到卡车前面(cut over sharply)会使你的车滑倒”，因此,D,正确。 18.,精解, 本题考查副词辨析。空格处应填入一个副词，修饰介词短语in front of(在„„前面)。sheer作副词时意为“垂直地，陡峭地”，如:The cliffs rise sheer from the beach.(悬崖从海滩上拔地而起。)mostly意为“主要地，一般地”，如:We’re mostly out on Sundays. (我们星期天一般不在家。)rarely意为“罕有，很少，不常”，如:We rarely agree on what to do.(我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致。)right意为“正好，恰好，直接地”，如:Lee was standing right behind her.(李就站在她身后。)根据文意，,D,正确。 19.,精解, 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。四个选项的含义分别是might“力量”，distance“距离”，air“空气”，power“力量，势力”。根据空格所在句子的含义，应选,B,，表示“当有足够的车距时，你才慢慢地挪到卡车的前方”。 20.,精解, 本题考查介词辨析。空格前的but为并列连词，连接句子中的两个状语成分，即，in front of... 和 the sound thundering。“with+名词+分词”可构成独立主格结构，作状语。因此,A,正确。其它项作介词时，like意为“像，如同”，inside意为“在......里面”，upon意为“在......上”。 核心词汇或超纲词汇 (1)nerve-racking (a.) intensely distressing or irritating to the nerves令神经高度紧张或极受刺激的 (2)gleefully愉快地 (3)high wind强风 (4)treacherous(修饰人)不可信任的，背叛的，奸诈的;(修饰物)有潜在危险的。如: The ice on the roads made driving conditions treacherous.(路上的冰对驾车构成隐患。) (5)all the while一直，始终，如:We waited for three hours, all the while hoping that someone would come and fetch us.(我们等了三小时，一直希望有人会来接我们。) 全文翻译 在暴风雪中长途驱车于结冰的路上会是一种令人极度紧张的经历。矛盾的是，雪一面轻 轻地飘落，在强风中愉快地吹着，一面又铺成危险的毯子，封冻车窗，挡住视线。机器的力 量被减弱了。马、强有力的电子系统、深胎面的轮胎都毫无用处。一分钟前路面还很结实， 一分钟后司机就在上面打滑，轻飘飘地，处于恐慌之中，想着从后面突然出现的笨重的挂了 拖车的卡车会干出什么事情来。当你不得不开车经过这些卡车时，它们就像巨人一般。这时 你行驶的速度不是当路面干燥时的60或70，而是25和30。并且它们的引擎听起来极其刺 耳。雪、泥和冰渣滓从轮子下喷洒出来，使挡风玻璃变得模糊不清，然后格格作响地从车上 掉下。卡车轮子下的空间很大，足以让你滑进去并被碾成肉酱。你一点点的往前挪动，经过 卡车的后轮，中间的轮子，驾驶室，前轮，所有这一切都是极其缓慢地滑过去的。你继续笔 直地往前开，因为突然超车抢道到卡车前面会使你的车滑倒，正好倒在大卡车的前面。最后 终于和卡车有了一段距离了，你才慢慢地往后挪，挪到另外一车道上，现在你行使在卡车的 前面了，但是引擎的声音仍然震耳欲聋。 181页 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing 22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because 23.[A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation 24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response 25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else 26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding 27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with 28.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject 29.[A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect 30.[A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount 31.[A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length 32.[A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence 33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced 34.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously 35.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as 36.[A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage 37.[A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible 38.[A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability 39.[A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity 40.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing 201页 In general, young adults (18-44 years) reported that they were less likely to forgive others than middle-aged (45-64) and older adults. 他们是在对1400名成年人进行了为期5个月的调查后才得出这个结论的。 总的来说，18 至44岁的年轻人在宽容他人方面远不如45至64岁的中年人和65岁以上的老年人。 Among survey participants of all ages, however, reports of forgiveness of themselves and others were associated with decreased psychological distress, including feelings of restlessness, hopelessness and nervousness. Further, young adults who reported high levels of self-forgiveness were more likely to be satisfied with their lives, whereas middle age and older adults who reported high levels of forgiveness of others were more likely to report increased life satisfaction. 各个年 龄段的被调查者在对他人和对自己宽容以待的时候，往往会减轻自己的心理压力，例如减少 自己烦躁、绝望和紧张等情绪。 此外，研究还表明，宽容待己的年轻人对自己的生活现状 一般比较满意，而宽以待人的中老年人对自己的生活现状一般比较满意。 In other findings, attendance at religious services was associated with decreased psychological distress, particularly among young and middle-aged adults, and increased life satisfaction among young and old adults. Service attendance was also associated with higher self-rated health among all age groups. 这项研究还发现，中青年人参加宗教祈祷仪式，感受自己被上帝宽恕，减轻 了他们的心理压力，而年轻人和老年人参加宗教祈祷仪式，则提高了他们对生活的满意度。 所有被调查者在参加了宗教祈祷仪式后都对自己的健康状况感觉良好。 222页 Many American vacations are as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with the kids in mind. More and more "family friendly" vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer "green vacations." These trips allow them to observe flora and fauna up-close without disturbing the sensitive balance of nature. Some people find sea cruises relaxing and refreshing. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting. Daring souls get the thrill of a lifetime on trekking expeditions and safaris in remote places from Africa to Asia. Americans aren't the only people in the world who travel. International business, mass communication and jet airplanes have created a world of globetrotters. People all over the world enjoy going abroad to travel. And no matter where they live, people enjoy visiting scenic spots in their own country. But being on the go makes Americans what they are: people on the move. In America, almost every-body is a tourist sometime. 很多美国假期非常特别，和参与此种假期的人一样特别。全家出游时通常会将孩子考虑 在内，有愈来愈多「适合全家出游」的渡假地点为孩子提供特别的活动。对历史有兴趣的人 会找一些著名的历史据点和博物馆。有环保意识的人喜欢「环保假期」，这样的旅行使他们 能近距离观察动植物，并且不会扰乱了大自然敏感的生态平衡。有些人觉得海上旅游能使心 情放松并感到清爽，有些人则到水边钓鱼、滑水或泛舟。胆子大的人到亚洲和非洲去探险狩 猎作长途旅行，享受一辈子难得一次的刺激。 美国人不是世上唯一爱旅行的人。国际企业、大众传播与喷射机创造了一个环游世界者 的世纪。全世界的人都喜欢到海外旅游，不管住在那里，人们都喜欢去造访自己国家内风景 优美的地区。不过好动的本性使美国人变成今天的模样:成为爱迁移的人。在美国，几乎每 个人都有旅游的经验。 243页 Reptiles[1] are the animals that live the longest. The turtle[2]'s long life is legendary. But no one has ever been able to calculate the exact age of the turtle, and for good reason, tortoises live a lot longer than humans do.According to certain ancient documents and by cross checking[3] it would seem that the oldest turtles found have been over a century and a half old. But it's quite possible they can live even longer than that.Crocodiles also have long lives. But their exact age is hard to calculate too.Scientist makes estimations based on the animal's size because reptiles grow all their lives. In other words, the bigger it is, the older it is. So certain reptiles is probably a century old but the average life-span[4] is between 60 and 70 years.The same is true for mammals[5]. The biggest are the ones that they can hope to live the longest.The elephant lives to be more than sixty years old. But it doesn't really die of old age. In fact this mammoth has only four teeth plus two tusks, and they wear out[6] over the years.When the animal becomes old it's incapable of grinding up the vegetation it needs to eat and it starves to death.If one day, a parrot tells you it's 100 years old, don't believe it. Parrots live to be fifty years old which is a very good age for a bird.Crows also live a long time, the animals that live the longest are always those that are raised in captivity. In other words taking care of and not in danger, but which is better, to live a long time caged up or a little less long but free? 注释: 1、 reptile:爬行类。人们经常由这个单词联想到卑躬屈节的人物形象。因而这个词还有 一个意思“卑劣的人”。 2、 turtle: 指“海龟”，乌龟则是指“tortoise”。 3、 cross-checking:反复地查证。举一反三，cross-question则是指“反复查问，盘问” 的意思。 4、 life-span:寿命，它还有近义词:longevity。 5、 wear out表示用坏，消磨，磨损。比如:The shoes are worn out.那双鞋已经 穿旧了。 寿星动物 爬行类是活得最久的动物，乌龟的长寿是神奇的，但没有人能算出乌龟的确切年龄，原 因是乌龟活得比人类还长。根据某些古代文献及反复的查证，最老的乌龟年龄超过了150年 之久。但有可能会更久。鄂鱼的寿命也很长，但同样它们的确切年龄也很难计算。科学家们 根据体形大小来计算，因为爬虫类一生都在成长，换句话说，体积越大年纪越大。所以某些 爬虫类可能活到100岁，但一般的生命在60岁到70 岁之间。这对哺乳类来说也是一样的，体 形最大的可能是能够活得最久的。大象可能活到超过60岁，但它们并非真的死于年老。这只 长毛象实际上有四颗小牙和两只象牙，但是多年来它们已被磨损了。当这些动物年老时，已 经无法磨碎它们所要吃的草木而饿死。如果有一天，一只鹦鹉告诉你它已经100岁了，你可 别相信它。因为鹦鹉大部分只能活到50岁，这对鸟类来说已经很长寿了。乌鸦也是长寿的鸟 类, 那些被关起来养的动物总是活得最久，换句话说，因为它们受到照顾而且没有危险，但 是什麽比较好呢,被关起来活得较长久还是没那麽久但却很自由呢, 262页 The mass media is a big part of our culture，yet it can also be a helper，adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a(an)__1__for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way，it__2__ a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the__3__ of leisure:there is less time for games，amusement and rest.__4__ by what is happening on the screen，children not only imitate what they see but directly__5__ themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the__6__ of violence in the media and its__7__harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period，new media __8__，such as video games， cable television，music videos，and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity，these media， __9__television，__10__public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation__11__by the media，is body image.__12__forces can influence body image positively or negatively.__13__one，societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing__14__our concepts of beauty. In the mass media，the images of__15__beauty fill magazines and newspapers，__16__from our televisions and entertain us__17__the movies. Even in advertising，the mass media__18__on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a__19__defined standard of attractiveness，a(n)__20__that carries unrealistic physical expectations. 1. [A] alternative [B] preference [C] substitute [D] representative 2. [A] accomplishes[B] fulfills [C] provides [D] suffices 3. [A] risk [B] mercy [C] height [D] expense 4. [A] Absorbed [B] Attracted [C] Aroused [D] Addicted 5. [A] identify [B] recognize [C] unify [D] equate 6. [A] abundance [B] incidence [C] prevalence [D] reccurrence 7. [A] disposed [B] hidden [C] implicit [D] potential 8. [A] merged [B] emerged [C] immerged [D] submerged 9. [A] apart from [B] much as [C] but for [D] along with 10. [A] promote [B] propel [C] prompt [D] prosper 11. [A] inspired [B] imposed [C] delivered [D] contributed 12. [A] External [B] Exterior [C] Explicit [D] Exposed 13. [A] As [B] At [C] For [D] In 14. [A] mark [B] effect [C] impact [D] shock 15. [A] generalized [B] regularized [C] standardized[D] categorized 16. [A] boom [B] bottom [C] brim [D] beam 17. [A] over [B] with [C] on [D] at 18. [A] play [B] take [C] profit [D] resort 19. [A] barely [B] carefully [C] narrowly [D] subjectively 20. [A] ideal [B] image [C] stereotype [D] criterion 总体分析 本文主要论述了大众媒介对青少年产生的影响。第一段指出，大众媒介可以替代社会机 构和社会交往在年轻人的生活中起着各种各样的作用。第二段指出，由于青少年模仿他们在 电视中看到的乃至将其与现实相混淆，人们一直担忧媒介对他们可能产生危害。第三段媒介 对美的狭隘界定对青少年的不良影响。 全文翻译 大众媒体是我们文化的重要组成部分，但是它也可以成为年轻一代的助手、建议者和教 师。大众媒介作为许多机构和社会交往的替代品影响着年轻人的生活。通过这种方式，它在 人们生活中起到了各种各样的作用。 在电视屏幕前耗费的时间常常是以休闲为代价的，即有更少的时间用于游戏、娱乐和休 息。由于被电视屏幕上的东西吸引，孩子们不仅模仿他们看到的，而且还直接将自己视为电 视中的各种不同的人物。美国人对媒体中暴力的普及及其对孩子和青少年的潜在危害的担忧 至少已经有四十年了。在这段时期里，新的媒体，如:电视游戏、有线电视、音乐录像带以 及网络出现了。由于这些媒体继续受到欢迎，它们连同电视一起引起了公众的担忧和研究的 注意。 媒体使年轻一代受到社会另一大关注的方面是身体形象问题。外部力量能对身体形象产 生正面和负面的影响。举例来说，社会文化标准和大众媒介的营销冲击着我们关于美的观念。 在大众媒介中，标准美女的形象充斥着报刊杂志，从电视中播放出来，在电影中娱乐着我们。 甚至大众媒介还在广告中利用公认的瘦和健康的文化价值来赢得商业利润。青少年被给予的 是狭隘界定的吸引力的标准，它是一种包含着对外形的不切实际的期望的完美标准。 答案1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9.D 10. C 11. B 12.A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19.C 20.A 284页 Telecommuting-- substituting the computer for the trip to the job ---- has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality. But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor. These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. 电子交通--用电脑取代上班的往返--作为对各种各样的办公室工作问题的解决办法已受 到了欢迎。 对工作者来说，它承诺不受办公室的约束，更少的时间浪费在交通上和有助于 解决照看小 孩的矛盾。 对管理者来说，电子交通有助于挽留高效率的工作者，通过省去办 公室与家之间的来回往 返，大大减少工作拖拉和旷工，给予管理者独处的时间来完成需要高 度集中精神的任务，为管理者提供灵活的时间安排。 在一些地区，如南加利福尼亚和西雅 图、华盛顿，地方政府鼓励公司开始电子交通计划以减少交通高峰时的塞车和提高空气质量。 但这些益处也来之不易。 要使电子交通成功需要仔细的计划并且理解电子交通的现实状况 和流行的想象之间的区 别。 许多工作者被电子交通的美好幻想所迷惑。 一位电脑程序设计 员从纽约市搬到了宁静的阿第伦达克山，用电脑保持与她办公室之间的联系。 一位经理一 周三天到办公室，其他两天在家工作;一位会计师在家照顾她生病的孩子，接通电话调制解 调器的接头，在同医生通话之余完成办公室工作。 295页 I had offered to watch my 3-year-old daughter, so that my wife could go out with a friend. I was getting some work done in my study while she ___1___ to be having a good time in the other room. No problem, I figured. But then it got a little too ___2___ and I shouted, “What are you doing ?”No response. I ___3___ my question and heard her say, “Oh,…nothing.” Nothing, I got up from my desk and ran out ___4___ the living room, where I saw her running across the hall. I followed and watched her as her little behind made a quick ___5___ into the bathroom. I had her ___6___! I told her to turn around. She ___7___. I pulled out my big Daddy voice, “Young lady, I said turn around !” ___8___, she turned toward me. In her hand was what was left of my wife’s new lipstick. And every square inch of her face was ___9___ with bright red! As she looked up at me with fearful eyes, I heard ___10___ voice that had been shouted to me as a child. “How could you…You should know…How many times have you been ___11___ … What a bad thing to do…” It was just a matter of my picking out which old ___12___ I was going to use on her so that she would know what a bad girl she had been. But ___13___ I could let loose, I looked ___14___ at the sweater on her. In big ___15___ it said, “I’M A PERFECT LITTLE ANGEL(天使)!” I looked back up into her tearful eyes and, ___16___ seeing a bad girl who didn’t listen, I saw a little angel full of ___17___ that I had come dangerously close to ___18___. “Sweetheart, let’s take a picture so Mommy can see how ___19___ you look.” I took the picture and thanked God that I didn’t ___20___ the chance to prove what a perfect little angel she had given me. 1. A. happenedB. liked C. appeared D. pretended 2. A. long B. quiet C. calm D. strange 3. A. asked B. answered C. raised D. repeated 4. A. into B. of C. from D. for 5. A. way B. turn C. changeD. progress 6. A. followed B. scolded C. cornered D. fooled 7. A. laughed B. listened C. agreed D. refused 8. A. Slowly B. Eagerly C. Angrily D. Unfortunately 9. A. filled B. marked C. printedD. covered 10. A. every B. such C. any D. one 11. A. told B. beaten C. frightened D. forbidden 12. A. reports B. notice C. advice D. words 13. A. as B. when C. since D. before 14. A. up B. down C. in D. on 15. A. signs B. letters C. messages D. figures 16. A. because of B. instead of C. in spite of D. as a result of 17. A. value B. sadness C. pities D. tricks 18. A. preventing B. getting rid of C. destroying D. doing wrong on 19. A. dirty B. ugly C. special D. silly 20. A. have B. get C. take D. miss 【答案与解析】本文叙述作者3岁的小女儿用她妈妈的化妆品想把自己打扮成一个小天使的故事。 1. C。根据后面的 to be having a good time 这个不定式的进行时只有 appear 和 pretend 这两个词能使用，再根据上下语境是“看起来”玩得很开心，而不是“假装”。 2. B。根据后面的“喊”和“没有回声”来判断答案，quiet是“寂静、没有声音”之意，而不能选calm(沉着、冷静)。 3. D。因为作者喊他女儿，没有听到应声，所以又“重复”了他的问题。 4. A。从前面的动作，“起身、跑出书房”，接着“进入”起居室。into是动态介词，此处相当于and went into。 5. B。从前面的动词 follow, watch 以及 as her little behind 判断，他女儿看到他，赶紧“拐入”洗澡间。 6. C。此处 corner 用作动词，表示“把…难住、走投无路”，因为他女儿进入卫生间，所以把他给“难住了”。 7. D。根据下一句的意思，他女儿没有听他的话，“拒绝”回来。 8. A。因为她是一个三岁的小女孩，她用她妈妈的唇膏打扮自己，怕爸爸骂她，所以“慢慢地”走到她爸爸跟前。 9. D。表示满脸都被唇膏“覆盖(涂)”。 10. A。因为是个三岁的小孩，所以说话是一个字一个字地嘣，他爸爸听到的是她所嘣出来的“每个字”的声音。 11. A。根据前面的 many times 来判断，她爸爸已经“告诉”她好多遍了。 12. D。根据上文作者没有办法，还是挑选了他说了很多遍的“老话”。 13. D。根据前后两个动作的顺序，在放松“之前”，我看了看她毛衣上的“字”。 14. B。因为大人看小孩是居高临下，即往“下”看。 15. B。根据后面的 I’M A PERFECT LITTLE ANGEL! 这些都是大写的“字母”。 16. B。当作者看到他女儿那泪汪汪的眼(受委屈的样子)，他感到他再次看到的不是一个不听 话的坏女孩。 17. A。因为前半句说作者看到的不是一个不听话的坏女孩，再从毛衣上的字来看，所以认 为她是一个有“价值”的小天使。 18. C。根据下一句中的 sweetheart，作者认为差点“伤害(毁坏)”了他女儿那颗天真、甜美的 心。 19. C。因为上文叙述了作者女儿用她妈妈的唇膏涂在脸上，所以他们拍了一张看起来很“特 殊的”照片。 20. D。根据后面的 chance 表示“得到”或“失去”机会，根据句意应该选 miss。 306页 In 1990 a report was published about what the earth might be like 20 years from then on. The report was a result of a three-year ___1___. according to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2010 is not a ___2___ one. The world will be more ___3___ because the population will continue to grow. The population could be ___4___ 6 300 million, almost 2 150 million more than in 1985. More people would move into cities, especially cities in ___5___ countries. Cities like Cairo and Jakarta probably would ___6___ have 15 million by then. Food production will ___7___, but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1985, ___8___ most of the increase would be in countries that ___9___ produce enough food for their people. Little increase is ___10___ in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poor farming ways are ___11___ large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is ___12___ as cities become larger and more houses are built. ___13___ will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil. Many of the world’s ___14___ could disappear as more and more trees are cut down. Energy will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2010 ___15___. They only carried out the situation that ___16___ today. By changing the situation, by ___17___ the problems, the picture can be changed. There is ___18___ time for the nations of the world to work ___19___ a plan of action. But they warned that ___20___ too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success. 1. A. learning B. project C. notice D. study 2. A. pleased B. pleasant C. safe D. blue 3. A. dangerous B. beautiful C. crowded D. terrible 4. A. no more than B. as many as C. as much as D. as large as 5. A. developing B. developed C. big D. mountainous 6. A. none B. each C. all D. neither 7. A. insist B. reduce C. increase D. continue 8. A. so B. but C. or D. however 9. A. already B. hardly C. partly D. never 10. A. wanted B. lacked C. found D. expected 11. A. destroying B. protecting C. disturbing D. interrupting 12. A. saved B. lost C. discovered D. used 13. A. Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Some diseases D. All farmland 14. A. animals B. plants C. forests D. people 15. A. must be true B. will come true C. can’t be true D. may be wrong 16. A. happens B. develops C. exists D. appears 17. A. settling B. working out C. answering D. dealing 18. A. no B. still C. less D. plenty of 19. A. about B. in C. out D. for 20. A. working B. suggesting C. spending D. waiting 【答案与解析】 1. D。study 意为“研究”，根据下文，这是指对未来20年地球上的情况变化所作的研究。 2. B。与后面的人口增长，环境污染等联系起来看，在2010年地球上的状况(picture)将会令人不愉快(unpleasant)。 3. C。因为人口继续增长，所以世界会越来越拥挤(crowded)。 4. D。指人口数目的多用large，不用small。指人口达到某一数目用“as large as + 数词”。 5. A。从现状来看，人口增长快的国家多为发展但不发达的国家;而城市人口急剧增长的则是一些发展中的国家(developing countries)。 6. B。前面提到了两个城市，故此空只能填each。neither具有否定意义，不合句意，不能插 入谓语之中。 7. C。相临几句是讲粮食增长问题，故选increase“增长”。 8. B。前后两句具有转折意义:农民所生产的粮食将比1985多90%，但多数增产粮食的国 家是已经有足够粮食供人们生活的国家。 9. A。already 意为“已经”，由下句可知:是指已经有足够粮食供人们生活的国家。 10. D。expect意为“预计”，句意为:在亚洲南部的国家预计增产幅度不大。 11. A。由changing farms into deserts可知:不当农业生产方式毁坏(destroy)了大片生产粮食 的土地。 12. B。由于扩建城市，修建房屋，必然侵占大量农田，故选lost(失去)。 13. A。由burn coal and oil必然排放大量烟雾，可推知:此处指空气污染(air pollution) 14. C。由more and more trees are cut down可推知:此处指森林(forests)可能消失。 15. D。此句意为:专家说地球到2010年的状况可能会不好。 16. C。exist 意为“存在”。由上下文可知:环境正遭受污染和破坏，专家们只是想保存今天 的状况。 17. A。settle the problems 意为“解决问题”。 18. B。still 意为“还有”，加强语气。句意为:现在还有时间给世界各国制定行动计划。 19. C。work out a plan 意为“制定计划”。 20. D。句意为:专家们警告说等待太长的时间作出决定将会极大地减少成功的机会。 2010年高考英语完形填空模拟题01(附详解) 317页 It’s not polite to arrive at a dinner more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the ___1___ to arrive before serving the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled(变味), and ___2___ may the host or hostess’ spirits. If you have to be ___3___ call and tell them to start ___4___ you. It’s even worse to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be ___5___. If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car until the right time. Though it’s often ___6___ to arrive at a party on time, on the other hand, the host or hostess ___7___ guests to arrive and leave between certain times, so you can ___8___ at any time between the times he or she gives you. It’s nice to bring an empty stomach, but it’s even nicer to bring ___9___ present. The present should not cost a lot, or you might make the host or hostess ___10___. Flowers, wine, or a box of candy will be fine. ___11___ bring money as a present. In an introduction, the ___12___ of a name is: (1) the given name; (2) the family name. In other ___13___, the given name comes ___14___. It’s important not only to learn and remember ___15___, but to repeat them often in conversation. After the introduction, we usually call friends by their ___16___ names. Older people may want you to call them by their titles and family names, such as “Mrs Smith”, “Mr Johnson”, “Dr. Brown”. A maiden(闺女) name is a ___17___ family name at birth. In the United States and Canada, after a woman ___18___, she takes the family name of her ___19___ in place of her maiden name. It is now becoming common, however, for women to ___20___ their maiden names after they get married. 1. A. guests B. visitors C. customs D. passengers 2. A. or B. so C. but D. yet 3. A. tired B. hungry C. late D. early 4. A. without B. for C. with D. after 5. A. awake B. ready C. up D. friendly 6. A. useless B. impossible C. unable D. important 7. A. forces B. invites C. begs D. orders 8. A. play B. fly C. arrive D. start 9. A. a big B. a small C. a good D. an expensive 10. A. pleased B. satisfied C. interested D. uneasy 11. A. Never B. Always C. Do D. Be sure to 12. A. spelling B. calling C. order D. pronunciation 13. A. words B. letters C. idioms D. sentences 14. A. last B. first C. finally D. in the middle 15. A. expressions B. appearances C. names D. addresses 16. A. given B. family C. middle D. pen 17. A. gentleman’s B. boy’s C. woman’s D. man’s 18. A. works B. marries C. bears D. dies 19. A. husband B. mother C. father D. sister 20. A. stop B. give up C. keep D. find 【答案与解析】 1. A。guests 意为“客人”，与前面的the host(男主人)和hostess(女主人)相对应。 2. B。此句用so表示重复前面句子的意思，但两句的主语不同。句意为:食物可能变味，主人的兴致(spirits)也可能变味。 3. C。由上文提到不能迟到，此句表示:如果不得不迟到的话，就得先打电话告诉他们开始。 4. A。without 在此表示:没有你在场。 5. B。朋友聚餐一般都约定了时间。如果去早了，主人还没有作好准备。 6. D。由上文提到聚餐既不能迟到，也不能早到，此句可断定:准时到达是重要的。 7. B。由四个动词的意义结合上下文可知:只有选 invites 才正确。 8. D。start 意为“出发”，指在主人约定的到达和离开的时间之间任何时间出发都可以。 9. B。由下文提到的flowers，wine，a box of candy等可知:给主人送小(small)礼物较好。 10. D。由or可知:如果送花钱太多的礼物，主人只会感觉不安。 11. A。前面提到送小礼物好，送花钱太多的礼物，主人只会感觉不安，那么用钱作礼物就会使主人感到更加不安，所以千万别送钱。 12. C。由下文可知:在作介绍时，要注意名字的顺序(order)(www.nmet168.com)。 13. A。后面是对前面的话进行进一步地解释，故选words ，in other words意为“换句 话说”。 14. B。first name或given name 指(欧美人的)名字。family name意为“姓”。 15. C。上文谈到的名字，所以此句意为:不仅要了解和记住名字(names)，而且在谈话时 还要经常提到这些名字。 16. A。在下句提到，老年人想要你称呼他们的头衔(title)和姓(family name)，那么在一 般朋友之间则可直呼其名(given name)。 17. C。/ 18. A。/ 19. A。在西方一些国家，未婚女子的姓用女人出生时的姓即woman’s family name，结婚(marries)，就得将自己的family name改为她丈夫(husband)的姓。 20. C。前面提到女人结婚后，其姓改为她丈夫的。此句提到现在情况正在变化:女人结婚 后仍然保持(keep)少女时的姓(maiden name)。选keep切合句意，其他动词均不符。 328页 A "dark horse "is one that shows unexpected racing speed and comes in first, 1 the experts said he had little chance of winning. In politics, an 2 candidate (候选人) for office who 3 a nomination(提名)or election is called a "dark horse". British Prime Minister Benjamin Disrael is believed to 4 the first to use the phrase. In his novel, "The Young Duke ", published in 1831, Disrael described a horse race and told how the two top choices fell 5 ,while "a dark horse "which had never been thought of rushing past the grandstand (看台)in a sweeping triumph. From racing to politics was a short step. As a political phrase, “dark horse ” 6 for the first time in the national Democratic Party congress of 1844. The "dark horse" was James Knox Polk who became the llth President of the United States. Polk had been the leader of the House of Representatives from 1835 to 1839. He had 7 been Governor of the state of Tennessee. But as a national leader, he was considered a political 8 . Nevertheless, he 9 won the Democratic nomination and was elected 10 .Martin Van Buren of New York, A former President, seemed sure of getting the nomination. But he opposed making the territory of Texas part of the United States as mother state. He was 11 it because there was slavery in Texas. Van Buren did not want another slave state in the Union. As a result, he 12 support among those Democrats who supported slavery. At the 1884 congress, Van Buren could not get enough votes to win the nomination. The congress got into 13 . Therefore, the Democratic leaders decided that the only wise thing would be to run a "dark horse ", 14 who could unite the party. And so, one of the party leaders, George Bancroft, proposed the name of James Knox Polk. He won, and the party 15 behind him, And he defeated his opponent , Henry Clay of the Whig Party. 16 the 1844 congress, the "dark horse "candidates became an established fact of national political life. One historian said, "The invention of the dark horse was 17 a remarkable product of our professional politics. "This made 18 possible for party leaders to choose candidates who were not tied to certain ideas. Therefore, they represented 19 and had developed 20 enemies. 1. A. so B. even though C. so that D. as if 2. A. unknown B. famous C. popular D. known 3. A. accepts B. looks forward to C. refuses D. wins 4. A. be B. being C. been D. have been 5. A. about B. behind C. asleep D. back 6. A. happened B. appeared C. used D. was come about 7. A. as well B. either C. also D. too 8. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody 9. A. difficultly B. successfully C. surprisingly D. easily 10. A. President B. a President C. the President D. the governor 11. A. for B. against C. in favor of D. in favor with 12. A. won B. received C. lost D. wasted 13. A. votes B. help C. efforts D. money 14. A. a horse B. a man C. an animal D. an organization 15. A. laughed B. succeeded C. won D. united 16. A. After B. Since C. Before D. Because 17. A. in itself B. of itself C. for itself D. by itself 18. A. one B. it C. that D. this 19. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything 20. A. quite a few B. a lot of C. few D. little 339页 It is a usual sunny afternoon in the village of Midwich, England. It seems not ___1___ any afternoon in the village, but all of a sudden, people and animals lose consciousness. ___2___ they awake, all of the women of child-bearing age have become pregnant. This is an episode from a 1960 science fiction story. The women in the story ___3___ birth to children that have the same appearance. They all have blond hair and “strange eyes.” ___4___ the children grow, they run around the village in a pack, wearing identical clothing and hairstyles, staring at everyone impolitely. ___5___ one child learns is also known by the others instantly. Villagers begin to ___6___ their belief that the children all have “one mind.” In this story, the children are produced by some unexplained force from outer space. But this story written 40 years ago ___7___ predicted the arrival of a recent method of genetic engineering ? cloning. Cloning is the genetic process of producing copies of an individual. Will the genetic copies of a human really have “one mind” as ___8___ in this story? This situation is so strange to us that we do not know what will ___9___ of it. Faced with this new situation, people have ___10___ to find out how to deal with it. (1)( ) (A) unlike (B) dislike (C) like (D) alike (2)( ) (A) Then (B) When (C) Since (D) And (3)( ) (A) send (B) make (C) take (D) give (4)( ) (A) If (B) For (C) As (D) So (5)( ) (A) Which (B) While (C) Where (D) What (6)( ) (A) express (B) wonder (C) select (D) ignore (7)( ) (A) sometimes (B) anyway (C) somehow (D) anyhow (8)( ) (A) describes (B) described (C) describe (D) describing (9)( ) (A) happen (B) occur (C) appear (D) become (10)( ) (A) not (B) yet (C) till (D) though 349页 Workers aren't allowed to go into a huge underground computer center 1 they step up to a machine that 2 a quick picture of the tiny blood vessels(管) inside their eyes. If the machine can't 3 the picture with images in its computer, the worker is 4 by security (安全) guards. Each person has his own pattern of blood vessels in his or her eyes. And unlike a key, the pattern can't be 5 . Old --fashioned keys and locks may soon be things of the past. High--tech security devices(装置) are being 6 at military bases, computer centers, nuclear plants and banks. Companies that 7 the machines say they'll someday be used in people's homes and cars. Already, a Japanese firm has fixed devices that 8 people's fingerprints in 360 new homes. The machines open the doors only for the 9 of the houses. The new security devices are selling well because thieves and spies are getting better at breaking 10 buildings and computers that are protected by 11. Since 12 can steal or copy a fingerprint or eye pattern, the new machines are 13 . 14 new machines recognize voice patterns. Two American companies use voice--recognition machines to keep an eye on their computers. Inexpensive voice--recognition machines may someday 15 locks on cars. The doors would open only for the owners. The devices would 16 the owners 17 $ 270. Although the up--to--date devices are 18 , scientists must still solve a(n) 19 problem. How wi11 a boy borrow his dad's car without borrowing dad's 20 ? 1. A. if B. even if C. until D. after 2. A. take B. give C. draw D. show 3. A. match B. fit C. compare D. share 4. A. caught B. killed C. beaten D. stopped 5. A. borrowed B. missed C. stolen D. bought 6. A. fixed B. dealt with C. repaired D. checked 7. A. buy B. sell C. make D. copy 8. A. remember B. store C. count D. recognize 9. A. makers B. buyers C. sellers D. owners 10. A. through B. in C. into D. out 11. A. computers B. security devices C. cameras D. keys and locks 12. A. nobody B. everybody C. anybody D. somebody 13. A. safe B. unusual C. helpful D. useful 14. A. Other B. Another C. More D. Others 15. A. take place of B. replace C. take place D. place back 16. A. pay B. spend C. take D. cost 17. A. up to B. as few as C. as much as D. as little as 18. A. amazing B. cheap C. expensive D. surprising 19. A. dangerous B. serious C. terrible D. ordinary 20. A. face B. picture C. fingers D. voice