定距检索表---植物学

定距检索---植物学 植物学 观察植物 植物分类 定距检索表 {定距式(级次式)检索表: 将检索表中两个相对应的分支，都编写在距左边有同等距离的地方，每一分支下边，相对应的两个分支，较先出现的又向右低一字格，这样继续下去， 直到要编制的终点为止。采用二歧原则，选择相反特征对。} 湖南农业大学 东方科技学院 10级园林2班 学号:201041904204 姓名:贺泽准 落叶类 A1 落叶乔木 B1 伟乔，大乔 C1 有腺体，有气味 楝科 苦楝 D1 托叶 桑科 构树 E1 叶有绒毛 桑科 红枫 F1 叶为扇形 银杏科 银杏 A2 灌木或落叶小乔木 B2 中乔，小乔 C2 无气味 胡桃科 枫杨 D2 无托叶 蔷薇科 樱桃 E2 叶无绒毛 杉科 水杉 F2 叶为卵形 锦葵科 木芙蓉 胡桃科 枫杨 落叶乔木，高达30米，胸径达1米;幼树树皮平滑，浅灰色，老时则深纵裂;小枝灰色至暗褐色，具灰黄色皮孔;芽具柄，密被锈褐色盾状着生的腺体。 楝科 苦楝 落叶乔木，高达10余米;树皮灰褐色，纵裂。分枝广展，小枝有叶痕。叶为2-3回奇数羽状复叶，长20-40厘米;小叶对生，卵形、椭圆形至披针形，边缘有钝锯齿，幼时被星状毛，后两面均无毛。圆锥花序约与叶等长，无毛或幼时被鳞片状短柔毛;花芳香。 蔷薇科 樱桃 落叶乔木。株高可达8米。嫩枝无毛或微被毛。叶卵圆形至卵状椭圆形，长7~16厘米，宽and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 4~8厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆形，边缘具大小不等的重锯齿，锯齿上有腺体，上面无毛或微具毛，下面被稀疏柔毛;叶柄长0.8~1.5厘米，有短柔毛，近顶端有2腺体。 桑科 构树 落叶乔木，高达16米;树冠开张，卵形至广卵形;树皮平滑，浅灰色或灰褐色，不易裂，全株含乳汁。单叶互生，有时近对生，叶卵圆至阔卵形，长8—20厘米，宽6—15厘米，顶端锐尖，基部圆形或近心形，边缘有粗齿，3—5深裂(幼枝上的叶更为明显)，两面有厚柔毛;叶柄长3—5厘米，密生绒毛;托叶卵状长圆形，早落。椹果球形，熟时橙红色或鲜红色。花期4~5月，果期7~9月。 红枫 落叶小乔木。树姿开张，小枝细长。树皮光滑，灰褐色。单叶交互对生，常丛生于枝顶。叶掌状深裂，裂片5-9(裂深至叶基，裂片长卵形或披针形，叶缘锐锯齿。春、秋季叶红色，夏季叶紫红色。嫩叶红色，老叶终年紫红色。伞房花序，顶生，杂性花。翅果，幼时紫红色，成熟时黄棕色，果核球形。 杉科 水杉 落叶乔木，树皮灰褐色或深灰色，裂成条片状脱落;小枝对生或近对生，下垂。叶交互对生，在绿色脱落的侧生小枝上排成羽状二列，线形，柔软，几乎无柄。雌雄同株，雄球花单生叶腋或苞腋，卵圆形，交互对生排成总状或圆锥花序状;种子倒卵形，扁平，周围有窄翅，先端有凹缺。 银杏科 银杏 落叶乔木，叶扇形，在长枝上散生，在短枝上簇生。球花单性，雌雄异株。种子核果状。 锦葵科 木芙蓉 落叶灌木或小乔木，高1m多。枝干密生星状毛，叶互生，阔卵圆形或 木芙蓉花影 圆卵形，掌状3-5浅裂，先端尖或渐尖，两面有星状绒毛。花朵大，单生于枝端叶腋，有红、粉红、白等色。大形叶，广卵形，呈3-5裂，裂片呈三角形，基部心形，叶缘具钝锯齿，两面被毛。 常绿类 A1 常绿乔木 B1 叶形为卵形 樟科 香樟 C1 叶质为革质 山茶科 山茶 豆科苏木亚科 黄花槐 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic D1 叶子光滑 夹竹桃科 长春花 木兰科 景烈白兰 黄杨科 黄杨 E1 叶子变色 槭树科 美国红枫 金缕梅科 枫香 杜英科 杜英A2 草本，灌木或常叶小乔木 菊科 孔雀草 木兰科 火棘 黄杨科 黄杨 B2 叶形掌裂 千屈菜科 紫薇 木犀科 银桂 南迎春 C2 叶质为纸质 美人蕉科 美人蕉 茜草科 水栀子 苏铁科 苏铁 D2 叶子粗糙 杜鹃花科 夏鹃 金缕梅科 红花檵 冬青科 构骨 龟甲冬青 E2 叶子不变色 卫矛科 大叶黄杨 龙舌兰科 凤尾兰 樟科 香樟 常绿乔木。叶互生，卵形，上面光亮，下面稍灰白色，离基三出脉，脉腋有腺体。初夏开花，花小，黄绿色，圆锥花序。核果小球形，紫黑色，基部有杯状果托。广布于中国长江以南各地，以台湾为最多。植物全体均有樟脑香气，可提取樟脑和樟油。 山茶科 山茶 灌木或小乔木，高至15米。叶倒卵形或椭圆形，长5-10厘米，宽2-6厘米，短钝 渐尖，基部楔形，有细锯齿，叶干后带黄色;叶柄长8-15毫米。花单生于叶腋或枝顶，大红色，花瓣5-6个，栽培品种有白、淡红等色，且多重瓣，顶端有凹缺;花丝无毛;子房无毛，花柱顶端3裂。蒴果近球形，直径2.2-3.2厘米。 杜鹃花科 夏鹃 属常绿灌木，发枝在先，开花最晚，一般在5月下旬至6月。枝叶纤细、分枝稠密，树冠丰富、整齐，叶片排列紧密，花径6,8cm，花色、花瓣同西鹃一样丰富多彩。 木兰科 景烈白兰又名乐昌含笑、广东含笑 常绿乔木，高15,30米。树皮呈灰色或深褐色。叶薄革质，倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长6.5,16厘米，宽3.5,7厘米，有光泽、被中褐色绒毛。3,4月开花，花淡黄色，有芳香。聚合果呈圆形或卵圆形，8,9月果熟。种子卵形或长圆状卵形。 火棘 侧枝短刺状;叶倒卵形，长1.6,6厘米，复伞房花序，有花10,22朵，花直径1厘米，白色;花瓣数为5，雄蕊数为20，雌蕊数为1;花期3,4月;果近球形，直径8,10毫米，成穗状，每穗有果10,20余个。 金缕梅科 casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1)?fighting equipment. -e extinguishers and firefir-e supe Guard monthly check?ble for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsi-arious fire fighting equipment fireday management of the v-tohe accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to th- strengthening the day?nsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ersonnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and respoall p juries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education ofrvisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, ind, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after tcleareimum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maxeam after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response t processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) urs ornd safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occjor accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production aonse (1) If a maand special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency respIII 枫香 乔木，高达40m，小枝有柔毛。叶互生，轮廓宽卵形，掌状3裂，边缘有锯齿，掌状脉3-5条，托叶红色条形，早落。 红花檵木 常绿灌木或小乔木。树皮暗灰或浅灰褐色，多分枝。嫩枝红褐色，密被星状毛。叶革质互生，卵圆形或椭圆形，长2,5厘米，先端短尖，基部圆而偏斜，不对称，两面均有星状毛，全缘，暗红色。花3,8朵簇生在总梗上呈顶生头状花序，紫红色。 黄杨科 黄杨 灌木或乔木，高1-6米;枝圆柱形，有纵棱，灰白色;小枝四棱形，全面被短柔毛或外方相对两侧面无毛，节间长0.5-2厘米。叶革质，阔椭圆形、阔倒卵形、卵状椭圆形或长圆形，大多数长1.5-3.5厘米，宽0.8-2厘米，先端圆或钝，常有小凹口，不尖锐，基部圆或急尖或楔形，叶面光亮，中脉凸出，下半段常有微细毛，侧脉明显，叶背中脉平坦或稍凸出，中脉上常密被白色短线状钟乳体，全无侧脉，叶柄长1-2毫米，上面被毛。花序腋生，头状，花密集。 槭树科 美国红枫 叶掌状3-5裂，叶长10CM，叶表面亮绿色，叶背泛白，部分有白色绒毛。春季新叶泛红，与成串的红色花朵相映成趣;夏季枝叶成阴;秋季叶片为绚丽的红色，持续时间长。树型直立向上，树冠圆形。 卫矛科 大叶黄杨 大叶黄杨属常绿灌木或小乔木，小枝略为四棱形，枝叶密生，树冠球形。单叶对生，倒卵形或椭圆形，边缘具钝齿，表面深绿色，有光泽。聚伞花序腋生，具长梗，花绿白色。蒴果球形，淡红色，假种皮桔红色。 美人蕉科 美人蕉 多年生球根草本花卉。株高可达100,150厘米，根茎肥大;地上茎肉质，不分枝。茎叶具白粉，叶互生，宽大，长椭圆状披针形。阔椭圆形。总状花序自茎顶抽出，花径可达20 厘米，花瓣直伸，具四枚瓣化雄蕊。 龙舌兰科 凤尾兰 常绿灌木，茎通常不分枝或分枝很少。叶片剑形，长40,70cm，宽3,7cm，顶端尖硬，螺旋状密生于茎上，叶质较硬，有白粉，边缘光滑或老时有少数白丝(别于丝兰)。圆锥花序。 茜草科 水栀子 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic 叶对生或3叶轮生，披针形，长7-14厘米，革质、光亮，托叶膜质;花单生于叶腋中，有短粳，花萼呈圆筒型，单生花瓣5-7枚，白色，肉质，有香气，夏初开花。 豆科苏木亚科 黄花槐 常绿乔木。高数米至10米,一般以株高3,5米为最佳观赏高度。树冠高大而圆整。偶数羽 -9对，叶柄及总轴基部有腺体。伞房形总状花序，生于上部枝条叶腋，花鲜状复叶,小叶7 黄色，径约5厘米。全年均能开花,但以9,10月为盛期。荚果扁平，念珠状，长7,9厘米，1,2月成熟，种子黑褐色。 杜英科 杜英 树皮深褐色、平滑，小枝红褐色，树冠紧凑，近圆锥形，枝叶茂密。其叶革质披针形，秋冬至早春部分树叶转为绯红色，红绿相间，鲜艳悦目。单叶互生，叶形为长椭圆状披针形，钝锯齿缘，表面平滑无毛，羽状脉;总状花序为淡绿色、腋生，长约5至10公分，花瓣5枚，前端呈撕裂状，雄蕊多数;果实为椭圆形褐果，两端锐形，种子很坚硬。 千屈菜科 紫薇 落叶灌木或小乔木。紫薇为小乔木，有时呈灌木状，高3,7米;树皮易脱落，树干光滑。 ,幼枝略呈四棱形，稍成翅状。叶互生或对生，近无柄;椭圆形、倒卵形或长椭圆形，长37厘米，宽2.5,4厘米，光滑无毛或沿主脉上有毛。圆锥花序顶生。 苏铁科 苏铁 常绿乔木，茎干圆柱状，不分枝。在生长点破坏后，能在伤口下萌发出丛生的枝芽，呈多头状。茎部宿存于的叶基和叶痕，呈鳞片状。叶从茎顶部长出，羽状复叶，大型。小叶线形，初生时内卷，后向上斜展，微呈“V”字形，边缘向下反卷，厚革质，坚硬，有光泽，先端锐尖，叶背密生锈色绒毛，基部小叶成刺状。雌雄异株，6,8月开花，雄球花圆柱形，黄色，密被黄褐色绒毛，直立于茎顶;雌球花扁球形，上部羽状分裂，其下方两侧着生有2,4个裸露的胚球。 冬青科 构骨 构骨为常绿灌木或小乔木，树皮灰白色，平滑不裂;枝开展而密生。叶硬革质，矩圆形，长4-8厘米，宽2-4厘米，顶端扩大并有3枚大尖硬刺齿，中央一枚向背面弯，基部两侧各有1-2枚大刺齿，表面深绿而有光泽，背面淡绿色;叶有时全缘，基部圆形，这样的叶往往长在大树的树冠上部。花小，黄绿色，簇生于2年生枝叶腋。核果球形，鲜红色，径8-10毫米，具4核。花期4-5月;果9-10(11)月成熟。 龟甲冬青 常绿小灌木，钝齿冬青栽培变种，多分枝，小枝有灰色细毛，叶小而密，叶面凸起，厚革质，椭圆形至长倒卵形。花白色，果球形，黑色 。 casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1)?fighting equipment. -e extinguishers and firefirnsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing - Guard monthly check?ble for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsi-arious fire fighting equipment fireday management of the v-ersonnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and respoto- strengthening the day?all p juries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education ofrvisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, ine supehe accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to thd, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after tcleareimum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maxeam after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response t processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) urs ornd safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occjor accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production aonse (1) If a maand special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency respV 夹竹桃科 长春花 长春花为多年生草本。茎直立，多分枝。叶对生，长椭圆状，叶柄短，全缘，两面光滑无毛，主脉白色明显。聚伞花序顶生。花有红、紫、粉、白、黄等多种颜色，花冠高脚蝶状，5裂，花朵中心有深色洞眼。从春到秋开花从不间断，所以有“日日春”之美名。 菊科 孔雀草 羽状复叶，小叶披针形。花梗自叶腋抽出，头状花序顶生，单瓣或重瓣。花色有红 褐、黄褐、谈黄、紫红色斑点等。叶对生，羽状分裂，裂片披针形，叶缘有明显的油腺点。头状花序顶生，花外轮为暗红色，内部为黄色，故又名红黄草。 木犀科 银桂 常绿性乔木，树冠圆球形，大枝开展，枝叶稠密，长势良好。树皮浅灰色，皮孔多且大，形似雪花，非常明显。叶缘浅波状、反卷、全缘、隅先端有疏齿;叶太短尖至长尖;叶基楔形:叶炳粗壮、略有弯曲，平均长0.7cm。花冠斜展，裂片卵圆形;花乳白色;香气浓郁;花后不结实。 南迎春 常绿灌木.高可达3米,树形圆整.枝细长拱形,柔软下垂,绿色,有四棱.叶对生,小叶3,纸质,叶面光滑.花单生于具总苞状单叶之小枝端,萼片叶状,披针形,花冠黄色,裂片6或稍多,成半重状,较花冠筒为长.花期四月 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss. (3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly check-fire extinguishers and fire-fighting equipment. ? once every quarter, inspections and tests of a fire hydrant in good condition. 2), plans to develop (1) casualties occurred in construction, such as accidents or accidents of the direct economic