英语四级完型训练题

英语四级完型训练题 第一篇 Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that gosintosthe collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the questions that is always asked of me is _1_ I became an animal collector in the first _2 _.The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos.According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any _3 _was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”, _4 _the word “zoo”, which I would _5 _over and over again with a shrill _6 _until someone, insgroupsto _7_ me up, would take me to the zoo.When I _8_ a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great _9_ of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time _10_ the countryside in search of fresh specimens to _11_ to my collection of pets._12 _on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student _13_ , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,_14 _were not easy to keep at home.When I left, I _15_ had enough money of my own to be able to _16_ my first trip and I have been going _17 _ever since then.Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of _18_ ,it is certainly a job which will appeal _19_ all those who love animals and_ 20_ . 1.A.how B.where C.when D.whether B.field C.place D.case 2.A.region 3.A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection 4.A.except B.but C.except for D.but for 5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat 6.A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch 7.A.close B.shut C.stop D.comfort 8.A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown 9.A.many B.amount C.number D.supply 10.A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring 11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrich 12.A.later B.further C.then D.subsequently 13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide 14.A.who B.they C.of which D.which 15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully 16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance 17.A.normallyB.regularlyC.usuallyD.often 18.A.expectationsB.sorrowsC.excitementD.disappointments 19.A.for B.with C.to D.from 20.A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip 第二篇 If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or _1_ in your work would depend, to _2 _great extent, _3_ your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. _4 _the utmost importance is your attitude. A person _5 _begins a job convinced that he isn't going to like it or is _6_ that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure _7 _his belief that he is probably as capable _8_ doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt _9 _it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. _10 _the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw _11_ hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize _12_ the strength and overcome the _13_ that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first _14_ stock of somewhere you stand now. _15_ we get further along in the book, we'll be _16_ in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening _17 _skills. However, _18 _begin with, you should pause _19 _examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your _20 _, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits. .victory C.failure D.achievement 1.A.improvement B 2.A.a B.the C.some D.certain 3.A.in B.on C.of D.to of B.Of C.To D.Into 4.A.Out 5.A.who B.what C.that D.which 6.A.ensure B.certain C.sure D.surely 7.A.onto B.on C.off D.in 8.A.to B.at C.of D.for 9.A.near B.on C.by D.at 10.A.Have B.Had C.Having D.Had been 11.A.being B.been C.are D.is 12.A.except B.but C.for D.on 13.A.idea B.weakness C.strength D.advantage 14.A.make B.take C.do D.give 15.A.as B.till C.over D.out 16.A.deal B.dealt C.be dealt D.dealing 17.A.learnt B.learned C.learning D.learn 18.A.around B.to C.from D.beside 19.A.to B.onto C.into D.with 20.A.intelligence B.work C.attitude D.weakness 2011英语四级完型填空精练(3) Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? _1 _an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets_ 2_ the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to _3_ the news. Newspapers have one basic _4 _, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to _5_ it. Radio, telegraph, television, and _6_ inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. _7 _, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the _8 _and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are _9 _and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers _10_ of the latest news, today's newspapers _11 _and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices _12_ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very _13 _.Newspapers are sold at a price that _14_ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main _15_ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The _16 _in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This _17_ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends _18_ on the work of the circulation department and on the services or pages. But for the most part, entertainment _19_ in a newspaper's circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information_ 20_ the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and space. even outer 1.A.Just when B.While C.Soon after D.Before 2.A.to give B.giving C.given D.being given 3.A.gather B.spread C.carry D.bring 4.A.reason B.cause C.problem D.purpose 5.A.make B.publish C.know D.write 6.A.another B.other C.one another D.the other 7.A.However B.And C.Therefore D.So 8.A.value B.ratio C.rate D.speed 9.A.spread B.passed C.printed D.completed 10.A.inform B.be informed C.to be informed D.informed 11.A.entertain B.encourage C.educate D.edit 12.A.on B.through C.with D.of 13.A.forms B.existence C.contents D.purpose 14.A.tries to cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds in 15.A.source B.origin C.course D.finance 16.A.way B.means C.chance D.success 17.A.measures B.measured C.Is measured D.was measured 18.A.somewhat B.little C.much D.something 19.A.offering B.offered C.which offered D.to be offered 20.A.by B.with C.at D.about 2011英语四级完型填空精练(4) For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation.To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words.In _1_ a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _2 _can mean the difference between success and failure.Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _3 _readers. Most of us develop poor reading _4 _at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency _5_ in the actual stuff of language itself-words.Taken individually, words have _6_ meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. _7_ , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words.He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to _8_ words or passages.Regression, the tendency to look back over _9_ you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading.Another habit which_ 10 _down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as _11_ reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an _12_ , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed.The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _13_ the reader finds to“stretch”him.The accelerator forces the reader to comfortable, in order read fast, _14 _word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first _15 _is sacrificed for speed.But when you read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, _16_ your learn to comprehension will improve. Many people have found _17_ reading skill drastically improved after some training. _18_ Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute _19_ the training,now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute.He is delighted that how he can _20_ a lot more reading material in a short periodof time. 1.A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting 2.A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly 3.A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent 4.A.training B.habits C.situations D.custom 5.A.lies B.combines C.touches D.involves 6.A.some B.A lot C.little D.dull 7.A.Fortunately B.In fact C.Logically D.Unfortunately 8.A.reuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite 9.A.what B.which C.that D.if 10.A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures 11.A.some one B.one C.he D.reader 12.A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer 13.A.then B.as C.beyond D.than 14.A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating 15.A.meaning B.comprehensionC.gist D.regression 16.A.but B.nor C.or D.for 17.A.our B.your C.their D.such a 18.A.Look at B.Take C.Make D.Consider 19.A.for B.in C.after D.before 20.A.master B.go over C.present D.get through 完型5 Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience.The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps 1__ the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, 2___ reading material and giving out 3___ .The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and 4 ___what to write.Very often the student leaves the lecture 5__ notes which do not catch the main points and 6___ become hard even for the 7___ to understand. Most institutions provide courses which 8 ___new students to develop the skills they need to be 9____ listeners and note-takers. 10___ these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 11___ learners to practice these skills 12___ .In all cases it is important to 13___ the problem 14___ actually starting your studies. It is important to 15___ that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills 16__ in college study.One way of 17___ these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the 18 __year.Another basic 19__ is to find a study partner 20__ it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support. 1.A.extending B.illustrating C.performing D.conducting 2.A.attributing B.contributing C.distributing D.explaining 3.A.assignments B.information C.content D.definition 4.A.suspects B.understands C.wonders D.convinces 5.A.without B.with C.on D.except 6.A.what B.those C.as D.which 7.A.teachers B.classmates C.partners D.students 8.A.prevent B.require C.assist D.forbid 9.A.effective B.passive C.relative D.expressive 10.A.Because B.Though C.Whether D.If 11.A.enable B.stimulate C.advocate D.prevent 12.A.independently B.repeatedly C.logically D.generally 13.A.evaluate B.acquaint C.tackle D.formulate 14.A.before B.after C.while D.for 15.A.predict B.acknowledge C.argue D.ignore 16.A.to require B.required C.requiring D.are required 17.A.preventing B.withstanding C.sustaining D.overcoming 18.A.average B.ordinary C.normal D.academic 19.A.statement B.strategy C.situation D.suggestion 20.A.in that B.for which C.with whom D.such as (6) From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind„s future 3 and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development. Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed. some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not 16 develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other proper language development.Some linguists human beings isnecessary for believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's lang uage skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated 2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite 3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution 4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible 5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince 6.A.for B.from C.of D.with 7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children 8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion 9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike 10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological 11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation 12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words 13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower 14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved 15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions 16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When 17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated 18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction 19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative 20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all (7) Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 1 __in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street.Main Street was always in the heart of a town.This street was 2__ on both sides with many 3__ businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries. 4__ ,some shops offered 5__ .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6__ in the 1950s, a change began to 7 __.Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8__ too few parking places were 9__ shoppers.Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10__ the city limits.Open space is what their car-driving customers needed.And open space is what they got 11__ the first shopping centre was built.Shopping centres, or rather malls, 12__ as a collection of small new stores 13__ crowded city centres. 14__ by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15__ areas to outlying malls.And the growing 16__ of shopping centres led 17__ to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores. 18 __the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.In addition to providing the 19__ of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 20 __benches,fountains,and outdoor entertainment. 1.A.As early as B.Early C.Early as D.Earlier 2.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined 3.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up 4.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well 5.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services 6.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But 7.A.be taking place B.take placeC.be taken place D.have taken place 8.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then 9.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for 10.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside 11.A.when B.while C.since D.then 12.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized 13.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near 14.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed 15.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown 16.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking 17.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further 18.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards 19.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness 20.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided (8) Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1_ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent 2_ ofits own.No one knows exactly when jazz was 3_ ,or by whom.But it began to be 4 _in the early 1900s.Jazz is Americas contribution to 5_ music.In contrast to classical music, which 6 _formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form.It bubbles with energy, 7_ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people.In the 1920s jazz 8 _like America, and 9_ it does today.The 10_ of this music are as interesting as the music 11_ .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz 12_ .They were brought to Southern States 13_ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 14 _.When a Negro died his friend and relatives 15_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 16_ .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 17_ on the way home the mood changed.Spirits lifted.Death had removed one of their 18_ ,but the living were glad to bealive.The band played 19_ music, improvising(即兴表演) on both the harmony andthe melody of the tunes 20_ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance.It was an early form of jazz. 1.A.By B.At C.In D.On 2.A.music B.song C.melody D.style 3.A.discovered B.acted C.invented D.designed 4.A.noticed B.found C.listened D.heard 5.A.classical B.sacred C.popular D.light 6.A.forms B.follows C.approaches D.introduces 7.A.expressing B.explaining C.exposing D.illustrating 8.A.appeared B.felt C.seemed D.sounded 9.A.as B.so C.either D.neither 10.A.origins B.originals C.discoveries D.resources 11.A.concerned B.itself C.available D.oneself 12.A.players B.followers C.fans D.pioneers 13.A.for B.as C.with D.by 14.A.months B.weeks C.hours D.times 15.A.demonstrated B.composed C.hosted D.formed 16.A.demonstration B.procession C.body D.march 17.A.Even B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.But 18.A.number B.members C.body D.relations 19.A.sad B.solemn C.happy D.funeral 20.A.whistled B.sung C.presented D.showed (9) In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary.First, there are those words 1_ which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 2_ ,that is to say, from the 3 _of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 4_ we should know and use 5_ we could not read or write.They 6 _the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 7_ the language.Such words may be called“popular”, since they belong to the people 8_ and are not the exclusive 9 _of a limited class.On the other hand, our language 10_ a multitude of words which are comparatively 11_ used in ordinary conversation.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 12_ to use them at home or in the market-place.Our 13 _acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's _or from the talk of our school-mates, 15_ from books that we read, 14 lectures that we 16_ ,or the more 17_ conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 18 _in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 19_ of everyday life.Such words are called“learned”, and the 20_ between them and the“popular”words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process. 1.A.at B.with C.by D.through 2.A.study B.imitate C.stimulate D.learn 3.A.mates B.relatives C.members D.fellows 4.A.which B.that C.those D.ones 5.A.even B.despite C.even if D.in spite of 6.A.mind B.concern C.care D.involve A.hire B.apply C.adopt D.use 7. 8.A.in public B.at most C.at large D.at best 9.A.right B.privilege C.share D.possession A.consists B.comprises C.constitutes D.composes 10. 11.A.seldom B.much C.never D.often 12.A.prospect B.way C.reason D.necessity 13.A.primary B.first C.principal D.prior 14.A.tips B.mouth C.lips D.tongue 15.A.besides B.and C.or D.but 16.A.hear of B.attend C.hear from D.listen 17.A.former B.formula C.formal D.formative 18.A.theme B.topic C.idea D.point 19.A.border B.link C.degree D.extent 20.A.diversion B.distinction C.diversity D.similarity (10) Today the car is the most popular sort of transportation in all of the United States.It has completely 1_ the horse as a 2_ of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 3_ 90% of all 4 _business.Most Americans are able to 5_ cars.The average price of a 6 _made car was ,050 in 1950, ,470 in 1960 and up to ,750 7__ 1975.During this period American car manufacturers set about 8_ their products and work efficiency.As aresult, the yearly income of the 9_ family increased from 1950 to 1975 10_ than the price of cars.For this reason 11_ a new car takes a smaller 12 _of a familys total earnings today.In 1951 13_ it took 8.1 months of an average familys 14 _to buy a new car. In 1962 a new car 15 _8.3 of a familys annual earnings, by 1975 it only took 4.75 16__ income.In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 17 _to models from previous years.The 18_ of automobile extends throughout the economy 19_ the car is so important to American.Americans spend more money 20_ keeping their cars running than on any other item. 1.A.denied B.reproduced C.replaced D.ridiculed 2.A.means B.mean C.types D.kinds 3.A.hardly B.nearly C.certainly D.somehow 4.A.personal B.personnel C.manual D.artificial 5.A.buy B.sell C.race D.see 6.A.quickly B.regularly C.rapidly D.recently 7.A.on B.in C.before D.after 8.A.raising B.making C.reducing D.improving 9.A.unusual B.smallest C.average D.biggest 10.A.slower B.equal C.faster D.less 11.A.bringing B.obtain C.bought D.purchasing 12.A.part B.half C.number D.quality 13.A.clearly B.proportionally C.percentage D.suddenly 14.A.income B.work C.plans D.debts 15.A.used B.spent C.cost D.needed year 17.A.famous B.superior C.fastest D.better 18.A.running B.notice C.influence D.affect 19.A.then B.as C.so D.which 20.A.to B.in C.of D.for (11) We have spoken of marriage as a formal contract.It should be noted, however, that this contract does not 1_ the same form in different societies.In Western societies, the 2_ of a man and a woman 3_ given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official 4_ by the state.In some African so cieties, 5_ , marriage has nothing to do 6 _an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal 7_ of goods.Generally 8_ is the bridegroom who is required to make a 9_ of goods to the bride's kin(亲戚), though sometimes a payment is 10 _made by the bridegroom's kin to that of the bride. Among the Nuer, a 11_ living in Southern Sudan, the payment made to the bride's kin, 12 _as bridewealth, is in the 13_ of cattle.Once the 14_ of bridewealth is agreed 15_ , and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a 16 _union and the offspring of the union become the acceptable 17_ of the husband.They remain 18_ children even 19_ the wife subsequently leaves him to live with 20_ man. 1.A.make B.get C.take D.do 2.A.condition B.difference C.union D.divorce 3.A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.A.recognizing B.recognize C.to recognize D.recognized 5.A.however B.yet C.though D.still 6.A.with B.from C.for D.to 7.A.exchange B.contact C.communication D.connection 8.A.that B.this C.one D.it 9.A.money B.payment C.cost D.consumption 10.A.also B.too C.either D.as well 11.A.a person B.a people C.a man D.a couple 12.A.called B.known C.named D.looked 13.A.shape B.size C.form D.type 14.A.amount B.number C.figure D.volume 15.A.upon B.with C.to D.for 16.A.legal B.casual C.direct D.progressive 17.A.bride B.cattle C.wealth D.children s 18.A.his B.her C.their D.one 19.A.before B.because C.while D.if 20.A.other B.another C.more D.farther (12) Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes.They are left in the 1_ of strangers for the rest of their lives.Their 2_ children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any 3_ visitors.The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth 4 _story.In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care 5_ elderly people need.Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied 6_ the American family is changing.He reported that by the time the 7 _American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. 8_ , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years 9 _, family members must provide long term care.More psychologists have found that all caregivers 10_ a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best 11_ for the job.In other words, they all felt that they 12_ do the job better than anyone else.Social workers 13 _caregivers to find out why they took 14_ the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative.Many caregivers believed they had 15_ to help their relative.Some stated that helping others 16_ them feel more useful.Others hoped that by helping 17_ now, they would deserve care when they became old and 18 _.Caring for the elderlyand being taken care of can be a 19 _ satisfying experience for everyone who might be 20 _. 1.A.hands B.arms C.bodies D.homes 2.A.growing B.grown C.being grown D.having grown 3.A.constant B.lasting C.regular D.normal 4.A.imaginary B.imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery 5.A.that B.this C.those D.these 6.A.when B.how C.what D.where 7.A.common B.ordinary C.standard D.average 8.A.Further B.However C.Moreover D.Whereas 9.A.before B.ago C.later D.lately 10.A.share B.enjoy C.divide D.consent 11.A.person B.people C.character D.man 12.A.would B.will C.could D.can 13.A.questioned B.interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate 14.A.in B.up C.on D.off 15.A.admiration B.initiative C.necessity D.obligation 16.A.cause B.enable C.make D.get 17.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.anybody 18.A.elderly B.dependent C.dependable D.independent 19.A.similarly B.differently C.mutually D.certainly 20.A.involved B.excluded C.included D.considered (13) Today, most countries in the world have canals.Many countries have built canals parallel 1_ the coast.Even in the twentieth century, goods can be near the coast, and moved more cheaply by boat than by any other 2 _of transport.These 3_ make it possible for boats to travel 4_ ports along the coast without being 5_ to the dangers of the open.Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their 6_ a thousand miles shorter.Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not 7 _on the coast, still other canals 8_ landsswheresthere is too much water, help to 9_ fields wherethere is not enough water, and 10_ water power for factories and mills.The size of a canal 11 _on the kind of boats going through it.The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to 12_ each other easily.It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water 13_ the keel of the largest boat using the canal.When the planet Mars was first 14_ through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was criss-crossed by a 15 _of strange blue-green lines.These were called“canals” 16 _they looked the same as canals on earth 17_ are viewed from an airplane.However, scientists are now 18 _that the Martian phenomena are really not canals.The photographs 19_ from space-ships have helped us to 20_ the truth about the Martia“canals”. 1.A.off B.with C.to D.by 2.A.way B.means C.method D.approach 3.A.waterways B.waterfronts C.channels D.paths 4.A.among B.between C.in D.to 5.A.revealed B.exposed C.opened D.shown 6.A.trip B.journey C.voyage D.route 7.A.lain B.stationed C.set D.located 8.A.escape B.drain C.dry D.leak 9.A.water B.wet C.soak D.irrigate 10.A.furnish B.afford C.offer D.give 11.A.focuses B.bases C.depends D.takes 12.A.cross B.pass C.move D.advance 13.A.down B.below C.beneath D.off 14.A.studied B.researched C.surveyed D.observed 15.A.few B.number C.deal D.supply 16.A.although B.because C.so D.if 17.A.that B.where C.when D.as 18.A.exact B.definite C.certain D.decisive 19.A.held B.taken C.got D.developed 20.A.find B.expose C.uncover D.discover (14) Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1_ over the centuries.During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2 _the reading process. 3 _specialists agree that reading 4_ a complex organization of higher mental 5_ , they disagree 6_ the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 7_ reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8_ . These authorities 9_ that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10_ related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11_ their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, 12_ some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13_ reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14_ .By some expert they would not be 15_ as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16_ and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17_ the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18_ , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19_ widely and enthusiastically. 20 _reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas. 1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively 2.A.define and describe B.definition and description C.defining and describing D.have defined and described 3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until 4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of 5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions 6.A.of B.about C.for D.into 7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree 8.A.by B.to C.off D.for 9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact 10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently 11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading 12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as 13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually 14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity 15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded 16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated 17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock 18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps 19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as 20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand (15) There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960.During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created 1_ converting old colleges of technologys into universities.In the same period the 2_ of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to 3_ than 200,000.By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen 4_ twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women.All the universities are private institutions.Each has its 5 _governing councils, 6_ some local businessmen and local politicians as 7_ a few academics(大学教师).The state began to give grants to them fifty years 8_ , and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 9 _from state grants.Students have to 10_ fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place 11_ he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and 12_ unless his parents are 13_ .Most 14_ take jobs in the summer 15 _about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside 16_ during the academic year.The Department of Education takes 17_ for the payment which cover the whole expenditure of the 18_ , but it does not exercise direct control.It can have an important influence 19_ new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly 20 _of academics. 1.A.with B.by C.at D.into 2.A.amount B.quantity C.lot D.number 3.A.more B.much C.less D.fewer 4.A.with B.to C.from D.beyond 5.A.self B.kind C.own D.personal 6.A.making B.consisting C.including D.taking 7.A.good B.long C.little D.well 8.A.ago B.before C.after D.ever 9.A.suggestions B.grades C.profits D.funds 10.A.make B.pay C.change D.delay 11.A.what B.which C.where D.how 12.A.living B.drinking C.food D.shelter 13.A.poor B.generous C.kindhearted D.rich 14.A.professors B.students C.politicians D.businessmen 15.A.at B.since C.with D.for 16.A.travel B.work C.experiment D.study 17.A.responsibility B.advice C.duty D.pleasure 18.A.government B.school C.universities D.committees 19.A.at B.to C.on D.form 20.A.consisted B.composed C.made D.taken (16) Children model themselves largely on their parents.They do so mainly through identification.Children identify 1_ a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2_ of that parent.The things parents do and say—and the 3_ they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a child's 4_ .However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 5 _ they want their child to become. A parent's actions 6 _ affect the self-image that a child forms 7_ identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 8_ will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly 9_ qualities in their parents will have difficulty 10_ positive qualities in themselves.Children may 11_ their self-image, however, as they become increasingly 12_ by peersgroupsstandards before they reach 13_ . Isolated events, 13_ dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 14_ on a child's behavior.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can, 15_ , accept the divorce of their parent's or a parents early 16_ .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events 17_ a sign of rejection or punishment. In the same way, all children are not influenced 18 _by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 19 _in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 20 _of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it. 1.A.to B.with C.around D.for 2.A.informed B.characteristic C.conceived D.indicative 3.A.gesture B.expression C.way D.extent 4.A.behavior B.words C.mood D.reactions 5.A.person B.humans C.creatures D.adult 6.A.in turn B.nevertheless C.also D.as a result 7.A.before B.besides C.with D.through 8.A.eyes B.parents C.peers D.behaviors 9.A.negative B.cheerful C.various D.complex 10.A.see B.seeing C.to see D.to seeing 11.A.modify B.copy C.give up D.continue 12.A.mature B.influenced C.unique D.independent 13.A.not B.besides C.even D.finally 14.A.idea B.wonder C.stamp D.effect 15.A.luckily B.for example C.at most D.theoretically 16.A.death B.rewards C.advice D.teaching 17.A.as B.being C.of D.for 18.A.even B.at all C.alike D.as a whole 19.A.Oh B.Alas C.Right D.As 20.A.result B.effect C.scale D.cause