高级英语答案 Unit7 科学技术习题答案

A Century of Science By Jim Wilson Consolidation Work I. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary enhance  vary  intend  seem    adventure catastrophic defect  lurk radical  genuine  on and off  null and void   take hold  work out  at will 1. The scholar declared that this plan would never __take hold___ with the voters and the candidate should reconsider it. 2. The common law doctrine of employment ___at will__ holds that, unless specified otherwise, the employment relationship can be terminated for any reason. 3. An __adventurous___ activity can lead to gains in knowledge, such as in the case of the numerous pioneers who have explored and charted the Earth and, in recent times, traveled into space and to the Moon. 4. Remember that fear always __lurks___ behind perfectionism. Confronting your fears and allowing yourself the right to be human can make you a far happier and more productive person. 5. In a perfect world, this would be sufficient, but computers and software can crash, power can fail, and other unpredictable, ___ catastrophic ___ events can conspire to erase your work. 6. There were indications that federal energy planners were beginning to give more serious consideration to __enhance___ recovery projects to boost domestic crude oil production. 7. The officials were very pleased that they had been able to __work out__ an agreement to let this important legislation move to a vote in the House. 8. There are a number of programming techniques that I've found instantly identify a __ defective ___ program. 9. Involved in this study are the determination of the earth’s gravitational field and observation of __variations__ in the earth’s rotation, the location of the poles, and tides. 10. The Chelsea Theater Center created a ___genuinely__ thrilling event with its adaptation of Leo Tolstoy’s Strider. 11. On the same day a small group of residents gathered on the steps of Town Hall a few weeks ago declared the courts decision ___null and void__. 12. Minkowski’s galactic research has revealed 212 new planetary nebulae, __seemingly___ concentrated toward the galactic center. 13. The view of contemporary society presented by Cox is opposed __radically__ to Vahanian’s pessimism. 14. He said that a U.S.-Soviet working group would be set up to study ways to avert __unintended__ confrontations between the two countries. 15. You can turn the handheld mode and wireless mode __on and off__ independently. II. Use the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. skepticism  2. occupant.  3. precision  4. mastery  5. seemingly 6. technologically 7. genetically  8.undisclosed  9. modification  10. exhaustive III. Paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text 1. Engineers made time shorter with transcontinental railroads that changed a distressing, time-consuming and dangerous journey into a safe one. 2. In the everyday/ordinary world, telling / separating / distinguishing winners from losers isn’t only possible, but very often quite necessary. 3. When Apollo 11 was landed, man realized the old dream that he had long cherished in his heart since the first human turned his eyes toward the moon. 4. A small group of specialized physicists believed that something of the greatest significance to the world might be lying behind the strange / unusual results obtained from some of their experiments that were clever but hard to understand. 5. Those rules that are put to use in the range of human beings become useless in the centre of atom. IV. Test your general knowledge. 1. Who proved that lightning and electricity are identical by means of kite experiment in 1752 and subsequently invented the lightning rod?   A. James Watson   B. Thomas Edison C. Benjamin Franklin   D. Orville Wright 2. The following units are commonly used in the system of unit to measure electrical quantities. Which one is the unit of charge?   A. Ampere   B. Volt   C. Ohm   D. Coulomb 3. The Wright brothers are generally credited the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-air flight on _____________. In the two years afterward, they developed their flying machine into the world’s first practical fixed-wing aircraft, along with many other aviation milestones.   A. December 17, 1803   B. December 17, 1843   C. December 17, 1903   D. December 17, 1943 4. _____________ was NASA’s second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service. Its maiden voyage was on April 4, 1983, and it made eight further round trips to low earth orbit before breaking up 73 seconds after the launch of its tenth mission, on January 28, 1986, killing all 7 crew members.   A. Enterprise B. Columbia   C. Challenger   D. Endeavour 5. Which of the following statements about atom is NOT true?   A. The atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element having the properties of that element.   B. The atom consists of a central, negatively charged core, the nucleus, and positively charged particles called electrons that are found in orbits around the nucleus.   C. Almost the entire mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, which occupies only a tiny fraction of the atom’s volume.   D. The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, the neutron being an uncharged particle and the proton a positively charged one. 6. Periodic table is the chart of the elements in which the elements are arranged in columns and rows according to _____________. A. initial letters of elements B. increasing atomic number C. chronological time of element being found D. a random way 7. Acid rain can contaminate drinking water, damage vegetation and aquatic life, and erode buildings and monuments. It is so harmful because it contains high levels of ___________. A. carbon dioxide B. vitriol C. hydrochloric acid D. sulfuric or nitric acids 8. The discovery of penicillin is usually attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming in 1928. Today penicillin is still one of the most important antibiotics because of its ______________. A. antagonistic effect on bacteria   B. effective reduction of blood pressure   C. lessening of pain   D. promotion of blood circulation 9. In 1996 experiments in cloning resulted in the development of an animal from a cell, and scientists named it Dolly. Actually Dolly is a ___________. A. sheep B. pig C. cat D. rat 10. Thomas Edison was one of the greatest and most productive inventors of his time. Which of the following things is not his invention?   A. incandescent lamp B. telephone   C. peep-show machine D. the transmitter and receiver for the automatic telegraph 11. What is the correct description of a gene? A. a section of a protein B. a section of an enzyme C. a collection of enzymes D. a section of DNA in the nucleus 12. The Internet evolved from a secret feasibility study conceived by the U.S. Dept. of Defense in ________ to test methods of enabling computer networks to survive military attacks. A. 1965 B. 1967 C. 1969 D. 1970 13. The metal mercury is __________. A. the hardest known metal B. a liquid at room temperature  C. highly radioactive D. extensively used in aircraft construction 14. Each computer that is directly connected to the Internet is uniquely identified by a __________ called its IP address. A. 16-bit binary number   B. 32-bit binary number   C. 16-bit binary number   D. 32-bit decimal number 15. Which in the following techniques can be used to defend data in transit between systems, reducing the probability that data exchanged between systems can be intercepted or modified?   A. firewall   B. encryption   C. authentication   D. anti-virus software V. Proofread the following passage. Many discoveries have happened by accident. The Wright brothers discovered flight because of an accident—actually two accidents. The first occurred during the winter of 1885-86 that a hockey injury forced  1. _when_ Wilbur, the elder Wright, to postpone college. Recovered at home, he  2. Recovering consumed the content of his father’s library and became intrigued by newspaper and magazines accounts of the German aeronaut Lilienthal. 3. _magazine_ It was news of Lilienthal’s death in an August 1896 glider crash that spurred the brothers to continue the quest. Like Lilienthal, the Wrights attacked the problem scientifically, in their case by accumulating data from a wind tunnel constructed in their bicycle shop. They realized the key difficulty ^ achieving heavier-than-air  4. __in_ flight was not in creating lift to elevate the aircraft, but in maintaining control once it was airborne. Their solution, while not elegant, was truly  inspired. The pilot lied on the bottom wing with his hips in a cradle that  5. __lay was connected to a “wing-warping” system. Moving the hips to the right and left increased the angle of attack on one wing while reducing it on    6. __or__ the other. Linkage to the rudder counteracted yaw. The net effect was to allow the pilot to roll the plane to its longitudinal axis so that it could  7. __on__ “bank” into turns much as a bicycle allows its rider to lean into a curve. Eventually, ailerons, small flaps on the trailing edge of wings, would obsolete wing-warping. And until the Wright brothers struck upon this    8. __But_ solution, flight remained an impossible dream. In the years that we/re followed their fateful Dec. 17, 1903, flight in  9. _were Kitty Hawk, N.C., the Wright brothers refined the design of their craft. They developed the first practically flying machine in 1905. A model  10. practical capable of flying for one hour at an average speed of 40 mph was purchased by the U.S. Army Signal Corps in 1909. Within 10 years, the military’s experimentation and experience with aircraft would make planes as essential to future arsenals as guns or explosives. Is Science Evil? By Karl Jaspers Self-test I. Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary 1. in comparison with  2. perpetration   3. compelling 4. fit into 5. plausible 6. paradox   7. esteemed   8. excessive   9. by virtue of  10. striving for 11. problematic 12. as such   13. gloss over   14. inquisitive  15. live up to II. Using the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks 1. Claiming something is true misses the point, while presenting verifiable fact proves its correctness. (verification) 2. The American writer’s novel typified the disillusionment and bohemianism among a generation of post - World War I Americans.  3. Quantum mechanics and relativity have revealed the boundaries of validity of classical mechanics. (valid) 4. However, he got his indictment deferred, upon promise to discover his accomplices. 5. Consequently, considered as a whole, knowledge of any kind is inseparable from direct experience. (separate) 6. The debate team must prepare the position, rebuttal and closing in advance, or at least major parts of it. Different students should be responsible for different parts. 7. Many people have noted that the Germans and English are both methodical and well-organized. 8. People with a taste for fiction experienced dreams that contained more improbable events, and their dreams were more emotionally intense. 9. Whatever critics felt about the merits of the film,the actor enjoyed nearly unanimous raves for his work. (unanimity) 10. Each Member State undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their duties. III. Translate the short paragraph into Chinese 参考译文：   我们如今所认为是科学的东西其实大部分根本不是科学，而是应用科学，即技术。现代科学的器械非常精巧，制造他们需要很强的创新意识，实际上，就是要要融入很多的科学知识，这会使我们很自然地把思想同行动混为一谈。例如，欧洲核能研究中心（CERN）庞大的粒子加速器会让我们想到科学：这台巨大而又异常昂贵的机器用于进行精细和超乎想象地复杂的试验，其结果只有极少数物理学家们才能明白。但我们愿意出巨资制造这些机器，愿意容忍物理学家们使用神秘定理和专业术语，因为我们相信他们的双手正在触及自然的内脏。我们相信在某个时候他们会带来消息说，又取得了新进展，又一世界多样学说的集大成者，又一新的质能方程式，而且更宏大更精妙，或者，这一次他们会发现一个最终等式，即可以解决一切问题的万能理论。 V. Proofread the following passage Modern technology is problematic because it has become such an important factor in social change. Major technological changes are introduced in the belief that they will help to solve problems, and they  often do so quite successfully. But in solving problems of th/e one kind,    1. _the_ technological changes sometimes generate new and different problems,    including some that were not foreseen. The response for this situation is    2. _to__ called the technological fix --- the use of technology to solve problems,    including those that prior technology has created. The result may be a    complex cycle ^ which one new technology after another is applied to an    3._ in_ ever more complicated situation, with the whole process takes us further  4. taking and further from the original problem and its solution. Significant technological innovation also causes economic dislocation, for it makes existing products, processes, or sometimes workers obsolete.  5. _and_ Modern industry is becoming increasingly dependent on automation, the replacement of workers by human means of production. To be replaced 6. nonhuman in one’s job by a machine can be a humiliated experience, but to      7. humiliating employers, automated labor often makes economic sense: machines can work almost continuously, without break for food and sleep, and they require no pension plans or medical benefits. It is hardly surprising, therefore, ^ human banktellers are being replaced by automated tellers,    8. _that or that assembly-line welders are yielding their jobs to robots. The transition from a industrial to a postindustrial society is causing a wave    9. _an__ of “creative destruction” in which old industries and technologies are replaced by new ones. Despite o/f the dislocation it causes, technological  10. _of_ innovation creates many new occupations and opportunities --- although this is small consolation to millions of workers whose jobs and sometimes careers have been destroyed.