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2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)b5E2RGbCAPBy1830,theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.p1EanqFDPwOntheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch,9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.DXDiTa9E3dTheidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain17colonies’s.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.RTCrpUDGiT1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals5PCzVD7HxA2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefullyjLBHrnAILg3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejectedxHAQX74J0X4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devotedLDAYtRyKfE5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]returnZzz6ZB2Ltk6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]GenerallydvzfvkwMI17.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typicalrqyn14ZNXI8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reformEmxvxOtOco9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreoverSixE2yXPq510.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by6ewMyirQFL11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]fundedkavU42VRUs12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]Whiley6v3ALoS891/4713.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]againstM2ub6vSTnP14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence0YujCfmUCw15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wisheUts8ZQVRd16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promisedsQsAEJkW5T17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]originalGMsIasNXkA18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougherTIrRGchYzg19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred7EqZcWLZNX20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedforlzq7IGf02ESectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)zvpgeqJ1hkText1Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournawouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.NrpoJac3v1Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.1nowfTG4KIAndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiedclearengineeringnuuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.fjnFLDa5Zo”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.tfnNhnE6e52/47Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.HbmVN777sL21.ThebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedtoV7l4jRB8Hsstresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.83lcPA59W9spotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorldCup.mZkklkzaaPintroducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.AVktR43bpwexplainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.ORjBnOwcEd22.Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans2MiJTy0dTTfun.craze.hysteria.excitement.23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.gIiSpiue7A[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.uEh0U1Yfmhisdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.IAg9qLsgBXrequiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.WwghWvVhPE24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.asfpsfpi4k[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.ooeyYZTjj1theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.BkeGuInkxI25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?PgdO0sRlMo[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”[D]“Likefather,likeson.”Text23/47Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.3cdXwckm15Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?h8c52WOngMThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingsevehundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.v4bdyGiousSuchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergntraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.J0bm4qMpJ926.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?XVauA9grYPAnsweringphilosophicalquestions.Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.bR9C6TJscwTellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.pN9LBDdtrdChoosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.DJ8T7nHuGT27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?QF81D7bvUA[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.4B7a9QFw9h[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.ix6iFA8xoX[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.wt6qbkCyDE[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.Kp5zH46zRk4/4728.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecauseYl4HdOAA61[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.ch4PJx4BlI[B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.qd3YfhxCzovosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeatE836L11DO5.thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.S42ehLvE3M29.WecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthattestscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofoneIQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.traditionaltestsareoutofdate.501nNvZFis’sability.jW1viftGw930.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?xS0DOYWHLPSupportive.Skeptical.Impartial.Biased.Text3Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehasbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.LOZMkIqI0wInjustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.ZKZUQsUJedDuringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasavings-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen—andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallsto5/47Wal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilieshealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.dGY2mcoKtTFromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.rCYbSWRLIA31.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthatFyXjoFlMWhthesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.TuWrUpPObXtheirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.7qWAq9jPqEtheyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.llVIWTNQFk[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.yhUQsDgRT132.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayMdUZYnKS8Ihaveahighersenseofsecurity.lesssecuredpayments.lesschancetoinvest.aguaranteedfuture.33.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill09T7t6eTnohelpreducethecostofhealthcare.popularizeamongthemiddleclass.compensateforthereducedpensions.[D]increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.34.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthate5TfZQIUB5[A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.s1SovAcVQM[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.GXRw1kFW5s[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.UTREx49Xj9[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.8PQN3NDYyP35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?mLPVzx7ZNwTheMiddleClassontheAlertTheMiddleClassontheCliffTheMiddleClassinConflictTheMiddleClassinRuins6/47Text4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem—especiallyinAmerica—thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking,telecomsandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighonthebossbusinessesofeveryvariety.AHP35hB02dSeveralmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear—fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley—haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.NDOcB141gT“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset,”saysHaimStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytvalue,tomarkewhichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders”.Indeed,justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,andrecoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,1zOk7Ly2vA”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensivetorestore—andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.fuNsDv23KhThecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged—thoughnotjustified—bythelackoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,eventhevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile,thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.tqMB9ew4YX36.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedHmMJFY05dEtointroducethefiercebusinesscompetition.thefeebleboss-boardrelations.thethreatfromnewsreports.theseverityofdataleakage.37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindoutViLRaIt6skwhetherthereisanyweakpoint.whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.7/47whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat9eK0GsX7H1[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.naK8ccr8VI[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.B6JgIVV9aobusinessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.P2IpeFpap5themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.3YIxKpScDM39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailtogUHFg9mdSsseethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.uQHOMTQe79perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.40.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatdataleakageismoresevereinEurope.FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.IMGWiDkflPWHF4OmOgAwPartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)aDFdk6hhPd[A]SetaGoodExampleforYourKids[B]BuildYourKids’WorkSkillsPlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesTalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisHelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategiesHelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreBuildYourKids’SenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelp?Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajobstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult’sneed,thetransitionforrapidcontentfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall-life“workunreadinessozElQQLi4T”:8/47Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.CvDtmAfjiAKidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels—asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.changetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.QrDCRkJkxhTeachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomeworkdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.4nCKn3dlMXPlayingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.ijCSTNGm0ETheyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.vfB1pxanfkWhataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossasdisappointedintheirchild.Theyshouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseem)whilebecomingapartnerinexploringoption