考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案：医学类(26套)

考研英语阅读理解模拟及：医学类(26套)　　ValetaYoung，81，aretireefromLodi，Calif.，suffersfromcongestiveheartfailureandrequiresalmostconstantmonitoring.Butshedoesn'thavetodriveanywheretogetit.Twiceadayshestepsontoaspecialelectronicscale，answersafewyesornoquestionsviapushbuttonsonasmallattachedmonitorandpressesabuttonthatsendstheinformationtoanurse'sstationinSanAntonio，Texas.“It'salmostadirectlinktomydoctor，”saysYoung，whodescribesherselfascomputerilliteratebutsaysshehasnoproblemsusingtheequipment.　　Youngisnottheonlypatientwhoisdealingwithherdoctorfromadistance.Remotemonitoringisarapidlygrowingfieldinmedicaltechnology，withmorethan25firmscompetingtomeasureremotely——andtransmitbyphone，Internetorthroughtheairwaves——everythingfrompatients'heartratestohowoftentheycough.　　Promptedbothbytheriseinhealth-carecostsandtheincreasingcomputerizationofhealth-careequipment，doctorsareusingremotemonitoringtotrackawideningvarietyofchronicdiseases.InMarch，St.FrancisUniversityinPittsburgh，Pa.，partneredwithacompanycalledBodyMediaonastudyinwhichruraldiabetespatientsusewirelessglucosemetersandarmbandsensorstomonitortheirdisease.Andlastfall，Yahoobeganofferingsubscriberstheabilitytocharttheirasthmaconditionsonline，usingaPDA-sizerespiratorymonitorthatmeasureslungfunctionsinrealtimeande-mailsthedatadirectlytodoctors.　　Suchhomemonitoring，saysDr.GeorgeDailey，aphysicianattheScrippsClinicinSanDiego，“couldsomedayreplacelessproductivewaysthatpatientstrackchangesintheirheartrate，bloodsugar，lipidlevels，kidneyfunctionsandevenvision.”　　Dr.TimothyMoore，executivevicepresidentofAlereMedical，whichproducesthesmartscalesthatYoungandmorethan10，000otherpatientsareusing，saysthatalmostanyvitalsigncould，intheory，bemonitoredfromhome.But，hewarns，thatmightnotalwaysmakegoodmedicalsense.Headvisesagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely，forexample，andalthoughheacknowledgesthatremotemonitoringofblood-sugarlevelsanddiabeticulcersontheskinmayhaverealvalue，hepointsoutthattherearenotrulyindependentstudiesthatestablishthevalueofhometestingfordiabetesorasthma.　　Suchstudiesareneededbecausethetechnologyisstillinitsinfancyandmedicalexpertsaredividedaboutitsvalue.Butononethingtheyallagree：youshouldneverrelyonanyremotetestingsystemwithoutclearingitwithyourdoctor.　　注(1)：本文选自Time;8/9/2004，p101-101，1/2p，2c;　　注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text1;　　1.HowdoesYoungmonitorherhealthconditions　　[A]Bysteppingonanelectronicscale.　　[B]Byansweringafewyesornoquestions.　　[C]Byusingremotemonitoringservice.　　[D]Byestablishingadirectlinktoherdoctor.　　2.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedinremotemonitoring　　[A]car　　[B]telephone　　[C]Internet　　[D]theairwaves　　3.Theword“prompted”(Line1，Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________.　　[A]made　　[B]reminded　　[C]aroused　　[D]driven　　4.WhyisDr.TimothyMooreagainstperformingelectrocardiogramsremotely　　[A]Becauseitisalessproductivewayofmonitoring.　　[B]Becauseitdoesn‘tmakegoodmedicalsense.　　[C]Becauseit‘svaluehasnotbeenprovedbyscientificstudy　　[D]Becauseitisnotallowedbydoctors　　5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext　　[A]Computerilliterateisadvisednottouseremotemonitoring.　　[B]Thedevelopmentofremotemonitoringmarketisrathersluggish.　　[C]Remotemonitoringismainlyusedtotrackchronicdiseases.　　[D]Medicalexpertsagreeonthevalueofremotemonitoring.　　答案：CADBCDr.WiseYounghasnevermetthehundredsofthousandsofpeoplehehashelpedinthepast10years，andmostofthemhaveneverheardofWiseYoung.Iftheydidmeethim，however，they'dwanttoshakehishand——andtheremarkablethingaboutthatwouldbethesimplefactthatsomanyofthemcould.AllthepeopleYounghashelpedwerevictimsofspinalinjuries，andtheyowemuchofthemobilitytheyhavetodaytohislandmarkwork.　　Young，51，headofthe.KeckCenterforCollaborativeNeuroscienceatRutgersUniversityinNewBrunswick，.，wasbornonNewYear'sDayattheprecisemidpointofthe20thcentury.Backthen，thethinkingaboutspinal-cordinjurywasstraightforward：Whenacordisdamaged，it'sdamaged.There'snothingthatcanbedoneafteraninjurytorestorethefunctionthatwassosuddenlylost.AsamedicalstudentatStanfordUniversityandaneurosurgeonatNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter，Youngneverhadmuchreasontoquestionthatreceivedwisdom，butin1980hebegantohavehisdoubts.Spinalcords，heknew，experienceprogressivedamageafterthey'reinjured，includingswellingandinflammation，whichmayworsentheconditionofthealreadydamagedtissue.Ifthatsecondaryinsultcouldberelievedwithdrugs，mightsomefunctionbepreserved　　Youngspentadecadelookingintothequestion，andin1990heco-ledalandmarkstudyshowingthatwhenhighdosesofasteroidknownasmethylprednisoloneareadministeredwithineighthoursofaninjury，about20%offunctioncanbesaved.Twentypercentishardlyeverything，butitcanoftenbethedifferencebetweenbreathingunassistedorrelyingonarespirator，walkingorspendingone'slifeinawheelchair.“Thisdiscoveryledtoarevolutioninneuroprotectivetherapy，”Youngsays.　　Aglobalrevolution，actually.Morethan50，000peoplearoundtheworldsufferspinalinjurieseachyear，andthesedays，methylprednisoloneisthestandardtreatmentinthe.andmanyothercountries.ButYoungisstillnotsatisfied.Thedrugisanelixirforpeoplewhoarenewlyinjured，butthereliefitoffersisonlypartial，andmanyspinal-injuryvictimswerehurtbeforeitbecameavailable.Young'sdreamistohelpthosepeopletoo——torestorefunctionalreadylost——andtothatendheisstudyingdrugsandgrowthfactorsthatcouldimproveconductionindamagednervesorevenprodthedevelopmentofnewones.Toensurethatalltheneuralresearchersaroundtheworldpulltogether，hehascreatedtheInternationalNeurotraumaSociety，foundedtheJournalofNeuralTraumaandestablishedawebsitethatreceivesthousandsofhitseachday.　　“Thecureforspinalinjuryisgoingtobeacombinationoftherapies，”Youngsays.“It'sthemostcollaborativefieldIknow.”Perhaps.Butincreasinglyitseemsthatifthecollaboratorshadafieldgeneral，hisnamewouldbeWiseYoung.　　注(1)：本文选自Time;8/20/2001，p54;　　注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text3;　　1.By“theremarkablethingaboutthatwouldbethesimplefactthatsomanyofthemcould”(Linethree，Paragraph1)，theauthormeans_______________.　　[A]Theremarkablethingisactuallythesimplefact.　　[B]Manypeoplecoulddotheremarkablethings.　　[C]Whenmeetinghim，manypeoplecoulddothesimplebutremarkablething.　　[D]Theremarkablethingliesinthesimplefactthatsomanypeoplecouldshakehandswithhim.　　2.Howdidpeoplethinkofthespinal-cordinjuryatthemiddleof20thcentury　　[A]pessimistic　　[B]optimistic　　[C]confused　　[D]carefree　　3.Bysaying“Twentypercentishardlyeverything”(Line3，Paragraph3)，theauthoristalkingabout_____________.　　[A]thedrug　　[B]thefunctionoftheinjuredbody　　[C]thefunctionofthedrug　　[D]theinjury　　4.WhywasYoungunsatisfiedwithhisachievement　　[A]Thedrugcannothelpthepeoplewhohadspinalinjuryinthepast.　　[B]Histreatmentisstandard.　　[C]Thedrugonlyoffershelptoasmallnumberofpeople.　　[D]Thedrugonlytreatssomepartsoftheinjury.　　5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthorlikelytoagree　　[A]WiseYoungdoesnotmeetmanypeople.　　[B]WhenYoungwasyoung，hedidnothavemuchreasontoaskquestions.　　[C]Ifthereneedsaheadofthespinal-injuredfield，Youngmightbetherightperson.　　[D]Young‘sdreamisonlytohelpthepersonswhowereinjuredatearlytimes.　　答案：DABACScientistshaveknownformorethantwodecadesthatcancerisadiseaseofthegenes.SomethingscramblestheDnainsideanucleus，andsuddenly，insteadofdividinginameasuredfashion，acellbeginstocopyitselffuriously.Unlikeanordinarycell，itneverstops.Butdescribingtheprocessisn'tthesameasfiguringitout.Cancercellsaresoradicallydifferentfromnormalonesthatit'salmostimpossibletountanglethesequenceofeventsthatmadethemthatway.Soforyearsresearchershavebeenattackingtheproblembytakingnormalcellsandtryingtodeterminewhatchangeswillturnthemcancerous——alwayswithoutsuccess.　　Untilnow.AccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueofNature，ateamofscientistsbasedat'sWhiteheadInstituteforBiomedicalResearchhasfinallymanagedtomakehumancellsmalignant——afeattheyaccomplishedwithtwodifferentcelltypesbyinsertingjustthreealteredgenesintotheirDNA.Whilethesemanipulationsweredoneonlyinlabdishesandwon'tleadtoanyimmediatetreatment，theyappeartobeacrucialstepinunderstandingthedisease.Thisisa“landmarkpaper，”wroteJonathanWeitzmanandMosheYanivofthePasteurInstituteinParis，inanaccompanyingcommentary.　　Thedramaticnewresulttracesbacktoabreakthroughin1983，whentheWhitehead'sRobertWeinbergandcolleaguesshowedthatmousecellswouldbecomecancerouswhenspikedwithtwoalteredgenes.Butwhentheytriedsuchalterationsonhumancells，theydidn'twork.Sincethen，scientistshavelearnedthatmousecellsdifferfromhumancellsinanimportantrespect：theyhavehigherlevelsofanenzymecalledtelomerase.Thatenzymekeepscaplikestructurescalledtelomeresontheendsofchromosomesfromgettingshorterwitheachroundofcelldivision.Suchshorteningispartofacell'sagingprocess，andsincecancercellskeepdividingforever，theWhiteheadgroupreasonedthatmakinghumancellsmoremouselikemightalsomakethemcancerous.　　Thestrategyworked.Thescientiststookconnective-tissueandkidneycellsandintroducedthreemutatedgenes——onethatmakescellsdividerapidly;anotherthatdisablestwosubstancesmeanttoreininexcessivedivision;andathirdthatpromotestheproductionoftelomerase，whichmadethecellsessentiallyimmortal.They'dcreatedatumorinatesttube.“Somepeoplebelievedthattelomerasewasn'tthatimportant，”saystheWhitehead'sWilliamHahn，thestudy'sleadauthor.“Thisallowsustosaywithsomecertaintythatitis.”　　Understandingcancercellsinthelabisn'tthesameasunderstandinghowitbehavesinalivingbody，ofcourse.Butbyteasingoutthekeydifferencesbetweennormalandmalignantcells，doctorsmaysomedaybeabletodesignteststopickupcancerinitsearlieststages.Thefindingcouldalsoleadtodrugstailoredtoattackspecifictypesofcancer，therebylesseningourdependenceontissue-destroyingchemotherapyandradiation.Beyondthat，theWhiteheadresearchsuggeststhatthisstubbornlycomplexdiseasemayhaveasimpleorigin，andtheidentificationofthatoriginmayturnouttobethemostimportantstepofall.　　注(1)：本文选自Time;08/09/99，p60，3/5p，2c　　注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2002年真题text4　　1.Fromthefirstparagraph，welearnthat________________.　　[A]scientistshadunderstoodwhathappenedtonormalcellsthatmadethembehavestrangely　　[B]whenacellbeginstocopyitselfwithoutstopping，itbecomescancerous　　[C]normalcellsdonocopythemselves　　[D]theDNAinsideanucleusdividesregularly　　2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext　　[A]ThescientiststracedthesourceofcancersbyfiguringouttheirDNAorder.　　[B]Atreatmenttocancerswillbeavailablewithinayearortwo.　　[C]Thefindingpaveswayfortacklingcancer.　　[D]Thescientistssuccessfullyturnedcancerouscellsintohealthycells.　　3.Accordingtotheauthor，oneoftheproblemsinpreviouscancerresearchis________.　　[A]enzymekepttelomeresfromgettingshorter　　[B]scientistsdidn‘tknowthereexisteddifferentlevelsoftelomerasebetweenmousecellsandhumancells　　[C]scientistsfailedtounderstandtheconnectionbetweenacell‘sagingprocessandcelldivision.　　[D]humancellsaremouselike　　4.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“tailored”(Line4，Paragraph5)　　[A]madespecifically　　[B]usedmainly　　[C]targeted　　[D]aimed　　5.TheWhiteheadresearchwillprobablyresultin___________.　　[A]athoroughunderstandingofthedisease　　[B]beatingoutcancers　　[C]solvingthecancermystery　　[D]drugsthatleavepatientslesspainful　　答案：BCBADWhenEllenM.Roche，24，volunteeredfortheasthmaexperiment，shedidn'texpecttobenefitfromit——exceptforthe$365she'dbepaid.Unlikeclinicaltrials，inwhichmostpatientshopethatanexperimentaltherapywillhelpthem，thisstudywasdesignedjusttoanswerabasicquestion：howdoesthewayanormallungreactstoirritantsshedlightonhowanasthmaticlungrespondsTofindout，scientistsledbyDr.AlkisTogiasofJohnsHopkinsUniversityhadRocheandotherhealthyvolunteersinhaleadrugcalledhexamethonium.AlmostimmediatelyRochebegantocoughandfeelshortofbreath.Withinweeksherlungsfailedandherkidneysshutdown.OnJune2Rochedied——adeathmademoretragicbythepossibilitythatitwaspreventable.LastweekthefederalOfficeforHumanResearchProtections(OHRP)ruledthatHopkins'ssystemforprotectinghumansubjectsissoflawedthatvirtuallyallitsresearchhadtostop.　　TheworstpartisthatHopkins，oneofthenation'spremiermedicalinstitutions，isnotalone.TwoyearsagotheinspectorgeneraloftheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServiceswarnedthatthesystemsafeguardinghumansubjectsisindangerofameltdown.Theboardsthatreviewproposedstudiesareoverburdened，understaffedandshotthroughwithconflictsofinterest.Oversightissoporousthatnooneknowshowmanypeoplevolunteertobehumanguineapigs(21millionayearisaneducatedguess)，howmanyarehurtorhowmanydie.“Thousandsofdeathsareneverreported，andadverseeventsinthetensofthousandsarenotreported，”saysAdilShamoo，amemberoftheNationalHumanResearchProtectionsAdvisoryCommitteeandprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland.GregKoski，headofOHRP，hascalledtheclinical-trialssystem“dysfunctional.”　　TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsarenothingshortofdevastating.Afterathree-dayinspectionlastweek，OHRPconcludedthattheHopkinsscientistsfailedtogetinformationonthelinkbetweenhexamethoniumandlungtoxicity，eventhoughdatawereavailablevia“routine”Internetsearchesandintextbooks.Thedrugisnotapprovedforuseinhumans;thehexa-methoniumTogiasusedwaslabeled[F]ORLABORATORYUSEONLY.Thereviewboard，OHRPcharges，neveraskedfordataonthesafetyofinhaledhexamethoniuminpeople.TheconsentformthatRochesignedstatesnowherethathexamethoniumisnotapprovedbytheFDA(theformdescribesitasa“medication”)anddidn'twarnaboutpossiblelungtoxicity.　　Hopkinsitselfconcludedthatthereviewboarddidnotdoallitcouldtoprotectthevolunteers，andsuspendedall10ofTogias'sstudies.Still，theuniversity——whose$301millioninfederalgrantsfor2，000humanstudiesmadeitthelargestrecipientofgovernmentresearchmoneylastyear——isseething.“Hopkinshashadover100yearsofdoingclinicaltrials，”saysDr.EdwardMiller，CEOofJohnsHopkinsMedicine.“Wehavehadonedeathinallofthoseyears.Wewouldhavedoneanythingintheworldtopreventthatdeath，but[suspendingthestudies]seemsoutofproportion.”Hopkinscallstheshutdownofitsexperiments“unwarranted，unnecessary，paralyzingandprecipitous.”OHRPislettingtrialscontinue“whereitisinthebestinterests”ofsubjects.TherestofthestudiescanresumeonceHopkinssubmitsaplantorestructureitssystemforprotectingresearchsubjects.Howquicklythathappens，saysagovernmentspokesman，dependsonHopkins.　　注(1)：本文选自Newsweek;7/30/2001，p36;　　注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2005年真题Text1;　　1.Intheopeningparagraph，theauthorintroduceshistopicby　　[A]explainingaphenomenon　　[B]justifyinganassumption　　[C]statinganincident　　[D]makingacomparison　　2.Thestatement“TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsarenothingshortofdevastating.”(Line　　1，Paragraph3)impliesthat　　[A]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooimpressive.　　[B]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooshocking.　　[C]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtooconvincing.　　[D]TheOHRPfindingsonHopkinsaremuchtoostriking.　　3.ThemainreasonsforRoche‘sdeathareasfollowing，exceptthat_______.　　[A]theprotectingsystemhasn‘tbeensetup　　[B]thereviewboardhasneglectedtheirduty　　[C]theresearchteamwasnotresponsibleenoughforitsvolunteers　　[D]thepossibilityoflungtoxicitywasoverlooked　　4.TheOHRPhasfoundthat　　[A]Hopkinshasloosecontrolovertheexperiment.　　[B]thevolunteersknewnothingabouttheexperiment.　　[C]thereissomethingwrongwitheveryaspectoftheexperiment.　　[D]thereexistmanyhiddentroublesinhumansubjectssafeguardingsystem.　　5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph　　[A]Hopkinshadnofaultinthisaccident.　　[B]HopkinsseemednottoquiteagreewithTheOHRP　　[C]Togias'sstudiesshouldn‘tbesuspended.　　[D]Hopkinswantedtobegintheirexperimentsassoonaspossible.　　答案：CBACBYouhopintoyourcar，but，wait，wherearethekeysYoumeetsomeonenew，buthernameisgonebeforethehandshake'sover.Thosearefailuresofyourshort-term，or“working，”memory——theplaceyoufileinformationforimmediate，everydayretrieval.Itisn'tperfect.Butresearchersareincreasinglyconvincedthatthehormoneestrogencouldplayakeyroleinmaintainingandperhapsevenimprovingmemory.LastweekateamofYalescientistsprovideddramaticnewevidencethatbolstersthetheory.UsingMRIs——detailedsnapshotsofthebrain——researchersfoundthatwomentakingestrogenshowsignificantlymoreactivityinbrainareasassociatedwithmemorythanwomenonaplacebo.“Thisisveryexciting，”saysYale'sDr.SallyShaywitz.“Itmeansthatthebraincircuitryformemoryhadaltered.”　　Aftermenopause，whenestrogenlevelsplummet，somewomenbecomeforgetful.Pastresearchhasdemonstratedthatthosewhotakeestrogendobetteronmemoryteststhantheirnonmedicatedpeersdo.ThehormonemayevenreducetheriskofAlzheimer's.Thenewstudy，publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation，isthefirsttovisuallycomparetheneurocircuitryofmemorybothonandoffestrogen.ThedrugmadeabigdifferencetoparticipantBernadetteSettelmeyer：“AllofasuddenIwasrememberingthings.”　　Thewomen(whoseaverageagewas51)laydowninabrain-imagingmachinewheretheywereshowntwotypesofinformation：nonsensewords(“BAZ”or“DOB”)totestverbalmemoryandgeometricpatternstoassessvisualmemory.Aftera20-second“storage”period，participantssawamixofoldandnewandwereaskedifanythinglookedfamiliar.Duringeachstageofthetest——asthewomenencoded，storedandretrieveddata——researcherstookpicturesoftheirbrains.The46womenunderwentthetesttwice——oncewhiletakingastandarddailydoseofestrogenandagainwhiletakingaplacebo.Beyondthepowerofestrogen，thedifferenceinMRIssuggeststhattheadultbrainmaintains“plasticity”——theabilitytorewireitself——evenasitages.　　Thereisstillplentyofresearchtobedone.Scientistscan'tyetbesureestrogenisdirectlyresponsibleforbettermemoryperformance.Despitethedifferenceinbrainactivityonandoffestrogen，participants'scoresdidnotchange.Researcherssaythatisprobablybecausethetasksweresosimple(thewomengotmorethan90percentcorrectoverall)。Otherstudiesonestrogenandcognitionareshortterm——andtheirfindingshavebeeninconsistent.Andscientistsstillcan'tanswerthequestionfacingmillionsofwomen：shouldItakehormone-replacementtherapyThenewstudymaymakeestrogenmoreappealing，butitshouldbejust“onepartoftheequation，”saysShaywitz.Still，it'samemorableone.　　注(1)：本文选自Newsweek;04/19/99，p50;　　注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2002年真题Text3;　　1.Thefollowingaretheexamplesofthefailuresofshort-termmemory，exceptthat___________.　　[A]youarenotsurewhetheryou‘velockedthedoorornot　　[B]youcannotrecallallyourpreviousexperience　　[C]youcannotfindthekeytoyourcarwhenstartingit　　[D]youforgetthenameofastrangerbeforethegreetingisover　　2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwomen‘sworkingmemorycouldprobablybeimprovedif_________.　　[A]theyoveruseestrogen　　[B]theyparticipateintheexperiment　　[C]theirmindsarekeptactive　　[D]theestrogenlevelisraised　　3.Theexperimentinvolving46ladiesshowsthat_______.　　[A]thewomenshouldtakeanormaldoseofestrogen　　[B]thewomen‘sbrainsstillhavetheabilityofcreation　　[C]theestrogenleveldeterminestheirmemorybadorgood　　[D]theestrogenmakesthebrainworkmoreactively　　4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat________.　　[A]theconnectionbetweenestrogenandmemoryisstillanopenstudy　　[B]thehormoneestrogenplaysakeyroleinimprovingmemory.　　[C]thelowlevelestrogenmakesawomanforgetful　　[D]raisingtheestrogenlevelcanimprovethewomen‘sshort-termmemory　　5.Fromthetextwecanseethewriterseems________.　　[A]objective　　[B]optimistic　　[C]sensitive　　[D]gloomy　　答案：BDDAA　At18，AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease，”namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforyearsinasterileplastictent)，shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource，inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992，sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction，accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher，W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernC