六级翻译题

1.要了解中国文化,就应该对中国的戏剧文化有所了解。中国地方戏剧种类很多,其中京剧是一个具有代性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种,京剧大约形成于1840年至1860年。它是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的,所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱,也受到全国人民的喜爱。 ①To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture.②In China, there are many kinds of local opera,among which Peking Opera is a representative one. ③As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately formed between 1840 and 1860. ④It originated from absorbing the essentials of other local opera.⑤In Peking Opera, there is a clear division of roles, the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin is the main accompaniment instrument.⑥Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country. 2.在指南针发明以前,人们在茫茫大海上航行,只能靠太阳和星星的位置辨认方向.如果遇上阴雨天,就会迷失方向。中国人发明的指南针帮助人们解决了这个难题。指南针是指示方向的仪器。早在战国时期(the Warring States Period),中国人就发现了磁石指示南北的特性,并根据这种特性制成了指示方向的仪器——司南。到了宋代,人们把制成了“罗盘”(luopan)。”指南针的发明,给航海事业带来了划时代的影响,世界航运史也由此翻开了新的一页。 ①Before the compass was invented, most people sailing at sea identified the direction by depending upon the position of the sun and stars.②If it was cloudy or rainy, people would lose the direction in this way.③It was the compass invented by the Chinese people that solved this problem.④The compass is the instrument used for indicating direction.⑤As early as the Warring States Period , the Chinese discovered that a magnet could be applied to indicate the south and north and a direction-indicating instrument sinan was made on the basis of this feature.⑥In the Song Dynasty, people created a proper compass called luopan .⑦The invention of the compass had epoch-making influence on navigation, thereby opening up a new era in the history of international navigation. 3.中国画(traditional Chinese painting)是用毛笔、墨及颜料(pigment),在宣纸(Xuan paper)或绢(silk)上画出的画。中国画与中医、京剧一起,被誉为中国的“三大国粹”(three quintessence of Chinese culture)。中国画按内容主要分为人物画、山水画、花鸟画三大类。战国时,中国已经有了比较成熟的人物画,唐朝时达到了顶峰。山水画是表现山水美景的画种。花鸟画画的是自然界中的花卉、鸟兽、鱼虫。中国画是诗、(calligraphy)、画、印(seal carving)相结合的艺术。因此,它不仅能美化人们的生活,而且能给人们带来高雅的情趣和艺术的享受。 ①Traditional Chinese painting is the art of painting on a piece of Xuan paper or silk with a Chinese brush that was soaked with black ink or colored pigment.②It is regarded as one of the “three quintessence of Chinese culture”,the other two being traditional Chinese medicine and Peking Opera.③By subject, traditional Chinese painting can be classified into three types:figure painting, landscape painting, and flowers and birds painting.④Figure painting came into maturity as early as the Warring States Period and reached its peak during the Tang Dynasty.⑤Landscape painting delineates the outside scenery.⑥Flowers and birds painting concentrates on the drawing of flowers,birds,animals,fishes and insects,etc.⑦Traditional Chinese painting is an art form combining poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal carving.⑧Thus, traditional Chinese painting not only beautifies people’s life but also brings decorous sentiment and artistic enjoyment for people. 4.四合院是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量多、分布广,并且在汉族、满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的轴线上,两个厢房则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋中,而两翼则是年轻一代的卧室。妇女住内院。客人和男仆住在外院。这种分布符合封建礼制。四合院遍布全国的城乡,但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同,因此发展出各自的特征。北京的四合院是最具代表性的。 ①Siheyuan is the most important form of Chinese traditional residential house. ②It is great in number and wide in distribution, popular among the Han, Manchu, Bai, and some of other minority groups.③ Most of the houses are of wood framework.④ The principal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it. ⑤The family elders live in the principal room and wings are bedrooms for the younger generations, ⑥Women live in the inner yard. ⑦Guests and males servants live in the outer yard. ⑧This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations. ⑨Siheyuan spreads over towns and villages throughout China, but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective natural conditions and different way of life. ⑩Siheyuan in Beijing is the most representative. 5.风水是中国建筑中的一个特殊传统,是古人对空间的布置与安排,其目的是为了体现建筑与环境的和谐共存。风水的字面意思就是“风和水”。风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体,并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。它反对人对自然的破坏,而是强调人与环境的共处,这种状态被认为是完美、神秘的。 处,这种状态被认为是完美、神秘的。 ①Feng shui, a special Chinese tradition in architecture, is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment. ②Fengshui literally translate as “wind-water”. ③It usually links the whole process from site selection, designing, construction and interior and exterior decoration in ancient times. ④It combines the trinity of the Heaven, the Earth and humans, and seeks harmony between selected site, orientation, natural doctrine and human fate. ⑤It repulses human destruction of nature and stresses cohabitation with the environment, which is regarded as perfect and mysterious. 6.北京,中华人民共和国首都、直辖市(directly under the central government),是中国的政治、文化和国际交往中心,中华人民共和国中央人民政府(the Central People’s Government of China)和全国人民代表大会(National People’s Congress)所在地,也是世界上最大的城市之一。北京是世界历史文化名城和古都。938年辽以北京作为陪都。此后北京又先后成为金中都、元大都、明清国都。1949年中华人民共和国成立后,正式将北京定位首都。北京科技力量强大,有中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science)、北京大学、清华大学等世界著名科研机构和高等学府。 ①Beijing, the capital of the People’s Republic of China, is governed as a munici pality directly under the central government. It is the political, cultural and international communication center of the country.Beijing is the place where the Central People’s Government of China and the National People’s congress are located.Beijing is also one of the most populous cities in the world.②Beijing is a world-renowed city of history and culture.③The Liao Dynasty made Beijing its alternated capital in 938AD.④Later, Beijing became the capital of the Jin Dynasty, called Zhongdu, capital of the Yuan Dynasty, known as Dadu, and capital of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.⑤After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Beijing was designated as the country’s capital.⑥Beijing possesses a strong force in science and technology.The Chinese Academy of Science, Peking University and Tsinghua University are among the world famous scientific research organizations and institutions of higher education. 7..舞龙(Dragon dance)是中国文化中一种传统的舞蹈与表演形式。它起源于汉朝,由崇拜并尊敬龙的中国人所开创。人们认为舞龙一开始是农耕文化的组成部分,起初也是治病和防病的一种方法。舞龙在宋朝就已经成为一项流行的活动。舞龙是中国文化和传统的重要组成部分,已经传遍了中国乃至全世界,而且已经成为中国体育活动中一项特殊的艺术表演。它象征着在来年为世界上所有的人带来好运和兴旺。 ①Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance and performance in the Chinese culture. ②It originated during the Han Dynasty and was started by the Chinese who had shown great belief and respect towards the dragon. ③It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness. ④The dragon dance was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty. ⑤Dragon dance is an important part of the Chinese culture and tradition. It has spread throutivities.⑥ It symbolizes good luck and prosperity in the year to come for all the human beings on earth. 8.中国结(The Chinese Knot)是一种古老的艺术形式。人们发现,绳结可以追溯到10万年前。中国人不仅用绳结来固定、包裹、狩猎、捕鱼,还用来记录事件,而且有些绳结纯粹起装饰作用。中国结具有文化内涵(cultural connotation)。由于结在汉语中的发音与“吉”相近,吉的意思为“福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康”,这是中国人永恒的追求,因此有些中国结表达出人们的各种愿望。例如:新婚夫妇的房间通常用一个盘长结(Pan-chang Knot)来装饰,象征着永恒的爱情。 ①The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form ②Knot could be found as far back as 100 000 years ago.③Chinese people used knots for more than just fastening, wrapping, hunting, fishing. Knots were also used to record events, and some knots had purely ornamental functions. ④The Chinese Knot has cultural connotations. ⑤Since kn ot is pronounced as “Jie” in Chinese similar with that of “Ji”, which means blessing, good salary, longevity, happiness, fortune, safety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people, some Chinese Knots express people’s various hopes. ⑥For example, the room of newlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-chang Knot to symbolize eternal love. 9.老北京的魅力不仅来自那些雄伟的城门楼子,也来自那些狭窄的胡同。北京的胡同。北京的胡同形成于元朝。北京的胡同有独特的风情,光是胡同的名字,就引入遐想,你看:杏花天胡同,花枝胡同,月光胡同,茶叶胡同,烧酒胡同,茄子胡同...这些胡同的名字展现了当时北京老百姓的生活习惯。根据老北京人的回忆,更有趣的是不同的胡同还有不同的气味:钱粮胡同是大白菜的气味儿,帽儿胡同是冰糖葫芦(sugar-coated haws on sticks)的气味,轿子胡同里豆汁儿(fermented soy milk)味。 ①The glamour of Old Beijing comes not only from the magnificent city gate towers, but also from those narrow alleys, of hutongs, as they are called in the Beijing dialect.②The alleys in Beijing first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty.③Alleys in Old Beijing had their own special flavor, and their names along were perhaps poetic enough to give flight to people’s imagination(e.g.Apricot Flower Day, Flower Twig and Moonlight),or practical enough to reflect the lifestyle of ordinary people(e.g.,Tea Leaf Alley, Alcohol Alley and Eggplant Alley, to name just a few).④More interestingly, according to the recollections of elders, different alleys had different smells. For example, Money and Grain Alley smelled of cabbage, Hat Alley of sugar-coated haws on sticks,and Sedan Chair Alley of fermented soy milk. 10.刺绣(embroidery)是一种具有悠久传统的民间艺术,字中国艺术和手工艺史上占有重要地位。刺绣的发展离不开蚕的饲养(silkworm-raising)和纺丝技术(silk-reeling and weaving)的发展。中国是世界上第一个发现并使用丝绸的国家。早在4000多年前,中国就已经开始饲养蚕。丝线和丝制品(fabrics)的生产促进了刺绣艺术的诞生。时至今日,刺绣几乎已经传遍整个中国。最好的绣品通常被认为来源于四省--江苏(尤其是苏州)、湖南、四川和广东,各省绣品各具特色。 ①Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of Chinese arts and handicrafts.②It is, in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silk-reeling and weaving.③China is the first country in the world that discovered the use of silk.④Silkworms were domesticated as early as over 4000 years ago.⑤The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. ⑥Today, silk embroidery is practiced nearly all over China.⑦It is generally agreed that the best embroideries come from four provinces:Jiangsu(notably the city of Suzhou), Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong, each with its distinctive features. 补充:1.现代中国人的姓名通常由姓(家庭姓氏)和名(个人所起的名字)组成,并且姓在前,名在后。因此,王小平被称为王先生,个人的名字为小平。但是,在中国古代,起名非常复杂。一个人通常由好几个名字,包括姓、氏、名、字,每一个都表达不同的意思。姓和氏演变为象征的姓,名和字则演变成现在的名。现在人们通常用姓氏来指一个人的姓,用名字来指一个人所起的名。对中国古代文献的研究表明,“姓”最初指不同的母系部落“matriarchal tribes”的名字,和人们的居住地也有些关系。研究表明,“姓”出现于母系社会时期,大约在四千至五千年之前。 A modern Chinese usually has a surname (“family name”) or xing and a given name (“first mane”), or ming (or mingzi), always in that order. Thus Wang Xiaoping is Mr. Wang with the personal name Xiaoping. In ancient China, however, naming was very complicated and one person usually had several names, and naming involved xing, shi, ming, and zi. Each of these four words meant a different thing. Xing and shi together formed today’s surname, and ming and zi today’s given name. Today, people use xingshi to refer to a person’s surname, mingzi to refer to one’s given name. Study of ancient Chinese documents shows that xing originially referred to the names of different matriarchal tribes. It also had something to do with the place where people lived. Researches show that xing came into being during the matrilineal society period, around four to five thousand years ago. 2.乒乓球是一项强调耐力和反应能力(reflexes)的运动,尽管乒乓球本身比较小,运动强度不大。不论男女老少都可以同台公平竞争。由于是室内运动,所以可以常年举行比赛或进行练习。自从乒乓球运动诞生以来,它已经经历了巨大的演变。比赛规则经过了很多次的修改,并且随着技术的进步和打球方式的改变,运动器材也发生了变化。这些改良(refinement)只是证明了乒乓球运动已经发展为一项非常完美的运动,可以与完美所崇尚(with reverence)的任何一种经典运动相媲美。 Despite its small size and moderate intensity. ping-pong is a sport that emphasizes endurance and reflexes. People of all ages and genders can play it on an equal ground. The sport is played indoors, so year-round competition and practice are possible. Ping-pong has undergone enormous evolution since it came into being, which has experienced many revisions of rules and seen an improvement of equipment as technology and playing styles changed. Such refinement only serves as evidence that ping-pong is indeed a full-fledged sport, comparable to any of the other classics we behold with reverence. 3.儒家思想是中国传统文化的基石。它出现在大约2500年前的春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period),是建立在夏、商、周朝的传统文化之上,并由孔子创立的完整观念体系(ideological system)。儒家思想博大精深,涵盖了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲学、道德各个领域。儒家文化以人本哲学(humanistic philosophy)为依托,这表现在它对人类个体的尊敬、关注和热爱。总而言之,儒家文化是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分,是东方文化的代表,也是中国文化传统的中流砥柱。 Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Founded about 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties. It is extensive and profound, covering the fields of humanity, politics, law, education, philosophy and ethics. Confucian culture rests on humanistic philosophy, which is shown in its respect, attention to and love of human individuals. In brief, Confucian culture is an important component of world cultural heritage, a major representative of oriental culture, and the dominant facet of Chinese cultural tradition. 4.同其他国家文化一样,在中国,无论是在餐馆还是在家,用餐时也有很多禁忌。适当了解一些中国的餐桌礼仪,不仅能让你更加入乡随俗,融入其中,而且能让别人注意到你,而不是你特别的用餐习惯。有些餐桌礼仪是随着传统延续下来的,是决不能违反的。如果不了解这些餐桌礼仪并且破坏了这些规矩,到时可能得罪厨师,扫兴而归哦。 In China, as with any culture, there are rules and customs that surround what is appropriate and what is not when dining, whether it is in a restaurant or in someone’s home. Learning the appropriate way to act and what to say will not only help you feel like a native, but will also make those around you more comfortable, and able to focus on you, instead of your interesting eating habits.The customs surrounding Chinese tables’ manners is ingrained with tradition, and some rules are not to be broken. Failing to understand and follow all of the rules could result in offending the chef and ending the night in an unfavorable way. 5.有钱消费的新兴中产阶层快速崛起、交通枢纽的改善、签证限制的逐渐减少以及有利的政府政策,所有这些因素出城中国旅游业在国内外的繁荣。从2010年至2020年,中国旅游业有望以每年6个百分点的速度增长-----全球最快的速度。这吸引了许多国外公司开中国开设度假胜地。与此同时,中国旅游消费的很大份额流到境外。2009年中国大陆到海外旅游达到4700万次。政府预计在接下来十年中,到国外旅游的人数将达到一亿,使中国成为世界上最大的出境(outbound)游市场。 A fast-emerging middle class with money to spend, improving transport links, diminishing visa restrictions and flavorable official policies, all these factors lead to a boom in domestic and outbound Chinese tourism. The tourism sector in China is expected to expand by 6% a year between 2010 and 2020, the fastest rate in the world, which has attracted companies from aboard to open the res orts in China. Meanwhile, a large share of China’s tourist is already flowing beyond its borders. Mainland Chinese made 47 million trips overseas in 2009. In the next decade, the government expects 100 million people to tour abroad, and China will become t he world’s biggest outbound tourism market. 继续阅读