2014年专业八级考前冲刺试题及答案解析(八)

专业八级考前冲刺及答案解析(八) 一、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共4小题,共4.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题 Those miners had been protesting in Huanuni in Bolivia because they wanted to ______. A have higher salaries B work under better conditions C keep independent mining jobs D work for shorter hours 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]8-9 We can make progress in the Six-Party Talks if North Korea is ready to return and return seriously to them. Now, sometimes there is a tendency to think that international problems can always be traced back to questions of what America should do. We see this thinking in the current debate about North Korea. There are those who say that North Korea is behaving the way that it is because of something that America either did or did not fro. That misses the point. Over the course of many years and throughout many diplomatic conditions with North Korea, there has been one constant. It is North Korea's leaders, not those in Washington, who have made the fundamental choices, really the tragic choices about the condition of their country. Those choices have led to deprivation and oppression and despair for the North Korean people. And the North Korean people deserve better. 第2题 The protest was ______. A peaceful B violent C successful D meaningless 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题 A collapse of Iraq government may lead to all of the following EXCEPT ______. A chaos in the region B stronger radical Islamic extremists C Iran's gaining new recruits D Iran's pursuing nuclear weapons openly 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]8-9 President Bush is sending over 20,000 more U.S. troops into Iraq. In an address from the White House last night, Mr. Bush said he considered suggestions from U. S. lawmakers to scale back U. S. efforts in Iraq. But he warned that stepping back now would force a collapse of the Iraqi government. The consequences of failure are clear. Radical Islamic extremists would grow in strength and gain new recruits. They would be in a better position to topple moderate governments, create chaos in the region, and use oil revenues to fund their ambitions. Iran would be emboldened in its pursuit of nuclear weapons. Our enemies would have a safe haven from which to plan and launch attacks on the American people. But Democratic Senator Richard Durbin says the president's new plan runs contrary to what his own generals have advised him to do. General John Abizaid until recently, the commanding general in Iraq and Afghanistan, said, "More American forces prevent the Iraqis from doing more, from taking more responsibility for their own future." And Republican Senator Sam Brownback on a visit to Iraq said he does not believe Sending more troops to Iraq is the answer. 第4题 What do Democratic and Republican Senators think of President Bush's decision to send troops to Iraq? A They both support it. B They both oppose it. C They both remain neutral to it. D They have different views towards it. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 二、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共20小题,共20.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning 'the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses). The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" — wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings. Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response — as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response. The word "despondent" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to______. A curious B sad C elated D skeptical 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义题。第一段第一句说世界所有文化中的人都会有快乐和悲伤，但是我们怎么才能知道其他人是快乐还是despondent呢?可见despondent肯定是“悲伤的”之意，作形容词用，故选B。 第2题 Which of the following statements would NOT Darwin agree with? A Facial expressions can only reflect emotional states. B Facial expressions may help people survive. C Baring the teeth means the same to people all over the world. D Human emotions that were not expressed would become less intensive. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。题目询问达尔文不会同意哪一项论述。第三段中说面部肌肉传递的信息会反馈到大脑的情感中心，因此人的面部情会影响到他的情感状态。作者引用了达尔文的话来证明这一点：一种感情的外部表现会加强这种感情；另一方面，如果这种感情在外在不能得到表达就会变弱。可见达尔文认为面部表情不仅可以反映人的感情，还可以影响、加强后者，故他不会同意选项A中的观点，而会支持D中的观点。再回头看第一段，作者指出，根据达尔文的观点，面部表情有助人生存的价值，故排除B；咬紧牙关在全世界都是愤怒的表示，故排除C。所以正确答案是A。 第3题 According to paragraph 2, the Fore people______. A knew little about Western culture B showed facial expressions different from people in other parts of the world C were famous for their solitude D had never been taken photographs before 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。第二段中提到Paul Ekman的一项研究，该研究指出，无论什么人，甚至包括 Fore这个生活在New Guinea高地，和外界西方文明很少接触的部落的人都对高兴、恐惧等外部表情有着和其他人相同的观点。同时，他们的面部表情也和其他地方的人很类似，故排除 B；但是由于和西方文明接触不多，他们肯定对其了解甚少，故A正确；作者只说Fore族人很少和外部接触，并没有说他们以孤独著称，故排除C；选项D原文中未提及。 第4题 According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, the relationship between emotions and facial expressions is______. A no causal B causal with the former deciding the latter C causal with the latter deciding the former D causal of two directions 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。根据第三段，大部分人认为面部表情反映了人的情感状态，然而面部反应假说认为，面部肌肉传递的信息会反馈到大脑的情感中心，因此人的面部表情还会影响到他的情感状态。可见面部表情和相应的情感状态间的关系是双向的、互相影响的，故选D。 第5题 Ekman has found that______. A people might have different expressions for the same emotion B pleasant feelings often stimulate Duchenne smile C crow's feet wrinkles often accompanied the Duchenne smile D keeping a stiff upper lip was useful for handling stress 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。文章倒数第二段提到，Ekman发现Duchenne微笑常常伴有眼睛周围的“牛蹄”纹以及眼皮略向下，故C正确。第二段中说Ekman发现世界各地的人都用类似的面部表情表示相同的情感，故A错误；第六段末尾说Duchenne微笑可以引发人愉快的情感，与B所论述的正好相反；而上扬嘴角可以缓解压力这一点，英国人早就发现了，并非Ekman发现的，故排除D。 第6题 Jan Hendrik Schon's success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers — one every 16 days, which astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers — which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature — the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Suk — the South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cells — it is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppance. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer-review, in which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwang's fall are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers. Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; cell biologists have Cell; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the accolades of academics and satisfy the publish- or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications. Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they're more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being off-cited will increase a scientist's "Impact Factor", a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the Impact Factor as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they're considering supporting. Whether the clamor to appear in these journals has any beating on their ability to catch fraud is another matter. The fact is that fraud is terrifically hard to spot. Consider the process Science used to evaluate Hwang's 2005 article. Science editors recognized the manuscript's import almost as soon as it arrived. As part of the standard procedure, they sent it to two members of its Board of Reviewing Editors, who recommended that it go out for peer review (about 30 percent of manuscripts pass this test). This recommendation was made not on the scientific validity of the paper, but on its "novelty, originality, and trendiness", says Denis Duboule, a geneticist at the University of Geneva and a member of Science's Board of Reviewing Editors, in the January 6 issue of Science. After this, Science sent the paper to three stem-cell experts, who had a week to look it over. Their comments were favorable. How were they to know that the data was fraudulent? "You look at the data and do not assume it's fraud," says one reviewer, anonymously, in Science. In the end, a big scandal now and then isn't likely to do much damage to the big scientific journals. What editors and scientists worry about more are the myriad smaller infractions that occur all the time, and which are almost impossible to detect. A Nature survey of scientists published last June found that one-third of all respondents had committed some forms of misconduct. These included falsifying research data and having "questionable relationships" with students and subjects — both charges leveled against Hwang. Nobody really knows if this kind of fraud is on the rise, but it is worrying. Science editors don't have any plans to change the basic editorial peer-review process as a result of the Hwang scandal. They do have plans to scrutinize photographs more closely in an effort to spot instances of fraud, but that policy change had already been decided when the scandal struck. And even if it had been in place, it would not have revealed that Hwang had misrepresented photographs from two stem cell colonies as coming from 11 colonies. With the financial and deadline pressures of the publishing industry, it's unlikely that the journals are going to take markedly stronger measures to vet manuscripts. Beyond replicating the experiments themselves, which would be impractical, it's difficult to see what they could do to make Science beyond the honor system. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A Key scientific journals are authoritative in evaluating scientific papers. B Peer-review is the most effective method in evaluating and selecting scientific papers. C Scientists are less likely to achieve career success without publications in top papers. D Fabricating evidence in scientific researches can be discovered by evaluation strict enough. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。第二段的倒数第二句话指山随着对发表文章要求的提高，顶级的期刊在科学家成功的道路上起到非常重要的作用，可以推出如果没有发表的文章，科学家取得事业成功的可能性就会降低，故c正确。第二段中作者指出《科学》杂志主要采取同行评审的方式来审查稿件，但并没说这种方式最有效，故B不对；第五段第二句话说学术造假是很难发现的，文章最后也提到了这个问题，故D不对；选项A原文未提及。 第7题 Science and Nature are top journals in the world in that______. A they are built on the honor system B they are the only world-recognized journals in the scientific circle C they cover all the research areas of science D they are as popular as public magazines 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。第二段指出，每个科学研究领域都有自己的权威期刊，故B不对；接着说，《科学》和《自然》之所以非常重要是因为它们是惟一涵盖所有科学研究领域的期刊，因此很多科学家都会阅读这两种期刊以获得研究领域内的前沿消息和动向，故c正确。选项A、D原文未提及。 第8题 What can be inferred about a scientist's "Impact Factor"? A One is more likely to get funding for research with a high Impact Factor. B One is more likely to get paper published with a high Impact Factor. C One's Impact Factor will be increased once he or she has paper published in Science. D One's Impact Factor will be increased when more people read his or her paper. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。根据文章第三段，如果某位科学家有文章在《科学》或者《自然》上发表，此文就有可能会被其他科学家引用，从而提高他的“影响因素”，这个“影响因素”指的是他的文章被引用的频率。很多基金组织就是根据“影响因素”的高低来决定是否对科学家来进行资助。由此可以推测出，“影响因素”越高，获得资助的可能性就越大，故选A。选项B、 C、D都在一定程度上歪曲了原文的概念。 第9题 According to the passage, manuscripts of science are evaluated to______. A find novelty B catch fraud C test scientific validity D detect suspicious scientific points 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。第五段最后一句提到，《科学》杂志在评审稿件时采取的手段是为了检验研究的“新颖性、独创性和潮流性”，并非为了检验研究是否真实，数据是否有伪造的痕迹，故A正确。 第10题 What would be detrimental to big scientific journals according to the author? A Big scientific scandals once in a while. B Small infractions all the time. C Unreliable research data in papers. D Lack of originality in research papers. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。第七段指出，其实，偶尔出现的有关学术造假的大丑闻给大的科学期刊带来的坏处并不多。相反，杂志编辑和科学家们所担心的是那些频繁出现、很难发现的较小的学术造假行为，这些才会给杂志带来灭顶之灾。由此可见，答案为B。 第11题 Science has decided to______. A change its basic evaluation process B sue Hwang Woo Suk C have more thorough scrutiny of photographs for fraud D ensure scientific validity of papers by replicating the experiments 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。最后一段说，《科学》杂志的编辑们并没有打算彻底改变该杂志一直采用的稿件同行评审的办法，排除A；至于是否起诉Hwang(D)，文章未提及；段末说要想发现造假，只能重复一遍研究者的实验，而这是不可能的，故排除D；第二句话说，杂志社在Hwang的丑闻发生之前，就对研究照片的审查非常严格，以期杜绝造假，今后也依然打算继续这么做，故C正确。 第12题 As much as murder is a staple in mystery stories, so is love. Love may be a four-letter word, or the greatest of the trio of faith, hope, and love. It may appear in a mystery as the driving force behind the plot and the characters. Or it may appear as an aside in a sub-plot, a light spot in a heavy story. But it's there. Even Valentine knew love was worth dying for. An emotion this strong gets a lot of attention. Love has its own special day, St. Valentine's Day. According to legend, the Roman emperor Claudius Ⅱ needed soldiers to fight for him in the far reaches of the Roman Empire. He thought married men would rather stay home than go to war for a couple of years, so he outlawed marriage and engagements. This did not stop people from falling in love. Valentine, a priest, secretly married many young couples. For this crime, he was arrested and executed on February 14. St. Valentine's Day was off to a rocky start. Love, secrecy, crime, death. Love prevailed, and the day lost its seamy side. Valentine's Day became a day to exchange expressions of love. Small children give each other paper hearts. Adults exchange flowers and chocolates. Everyone has an attack of the warm fuzzies. Valentine's Day was popular in Europe in the early 1800s as a day men brought gifts to the women they loved. Gradually the expectations grew higher, the gifts got bigger, and eventually the holiday collapsed under the weight of the bills. It was revived when the custom of exchanging love letters and love cards replaced the mandatory gifts. A young man's love was measured in how much time he spent making a card with paper, lace, feathers, beads, and fabric. If the young man wasn't good with scissors and glue, the job could be hired out to an artist who made house calls. Valentine's Day grew more popular when machine-made cards became available, and people didn't have to make their own. In England in 1840, the nation-wide Penny Post made it cheap for everyone to send Valentine cards. In the United States, national cheap postal rates were set in 1845, and valentines filled the mail. "Roses are red; violets are blue" was a popular verse on Valentine cards. Other holidays are associated with particular flowers — the Christmas poinsettia, the Easter lily but Valentine's Day has no specific flower. Instead, it has colors — red, pink, and white. Red symbolizes warmth and feeling. White stands for purity. According to one romantic flower code, messages can be spelled out with flowers. Gardenias say "I love you secretly." Violets say "I return your love." Roses say "I love you passionately." Not surprisingly, the rose is now the top-seeded flower of love. But love mostly goes wrong in mystery stories, very badly wrong. Somebody does something wrong. Husbands, wives, and lovers kill each other, or kill for each other. Stack the characters up in any kind of love triangle, and watch how the angles are knocked off. Love is unrequited, thwarted and scorned. Murders are motivated by real or imaginary love, or the lack of it. That famous novelist Ernest Hemingway said, "If two people love each other there can be no happy end to it." So it goes in the mystery. Justice may win, but love is often the loser. In addition to plots driven by love, or the lack of it, there are sleuths who encounter love in the solving of the crime. The handsome or beautiful detective meets the suspect or the client. Their affair grows around, and in spite of, the murder. Think of the movies Casablanca and Chinatown. Barbara D'Amato offers a different twist on this theme in "Hard Feelings". The amateur sleuth meets a suspect or investigating officer and love smolders around the crime. Rose DeShaw's "Love with the Proper Killer" is such a story. In a series of novels, if the continuing character is living a full life, love enters the storyline somewhere. Dorothy L. Sayers' sleuth Lord Peter Wimsey fell in love with Harriet Vane while he sleuthed his way through a few books. Sherlock Holmes remained aloof, but Dr. Watson fell in love and married between impossible crimes. There were no such temptations for Hercule Poirot or Jane Marple, but Agatha Christie created Tuppence and Tommy Beresford as a detecting couple. Real crimes are sometimes motivated by love, and are written about in true crime books. E.W. Count describes one such case in "Love is a Risk". "Married to a Murderer", by Alan Russell, follows the crime one step further. Feeling an attack of the warm fuzzies? Do something sweet for someone you love. Then do something sweet for yourself. Settle back with soft music and savor the online mysteries of love and romance. The word "staple" in paragraph 1 means______. A necessary element B chief goads C metal stick D metal bar 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语义题。第一段第一句话说，正如谋杀是悬疑小说的staple一样，爱情也是如此。然后举例说明爱情在悬疑小说中会以怎样的形式出现，比如作为主要情节或者人物背后的推动力量，或者作为一个沉重故事中起调节作用的次要、轻松的情节。所有这些，都说明爱情是这类小说中的一个重要因素，一个不可缺少的东西，由此可知staple的含义，故选A。 第13题 Which of the following statements is NOT true about St. Valentine's Day? A It originated from a legend. B It was named after a priest. C It was first to commemorate death of one's beloved. D It used to have a seamy side. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。由第二段可知，情人节来自于一个传说。罗马皇帝Claudius二世需要士兵为罗马帝国而战，而他认为婚姻会使人不愿投入战斗，因此规定订婚和婚姻为非法的。Valentine是一个牧师，他秘密地为很多年轻人举行婚礼，因此于2月14日被捕杀害。情人节就是他被杀害的日子，并以他的名字命名。可见情人节刚开始是为了纪念牧师Valentine之死，并非为了纪念死去的爱人，故C为正确答案。 第14题 The passage implies that in mystery stories, love often ______. A turns into hatred at last B serves as incentives for murders C excludes sleuths D beats justice 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。第八段倒数第三句用被动语态说在悬疑小说中，谋杀经常是由真实的或者想象中的爱情引起的。题目中询问爱情在这类小说中会怎么样，那自然是导致谋杀了，故选B。 第15题 The passage may be______. A a foreword to a website column B an advertisement for a series of books C a discussion of the origin of St. Valentine's Day D a review of some mysteries 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。此题询问文章写作的目的是什么。最后一段作者说，如果你想给自己一点甜蜜的奖励，那么就宋点轻音乐，欣赏网站中充满爱情与浪漫的悬疑小说吧。可见本文是给网站中有关此类小说的栏目写的一个序言，故选A。 第16题 If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurse's convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch; the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God,," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. It's a twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements: Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. What is essential in making humor effective? A Personal charm of the humor user. B Understanding the audience's situation. C Sympathy for the audience. D Identification of the audience's social status. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。第一段第一句话指出，如果你想要通过幽默使人发笑，就必须要了解如何发现共同的经历和共同的问题。由此可见，B是对原文的同义改写。 第17题 The author cited the doctor story to______. A show how supercilious doctors are B show how nurses dislike doctors C illustrate the importance of shared experiences in using humor D illustrate the author's capability of understanding humor 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。第二段中作者提到了一个给护士讲的幽默故事。一个人到了天堂，发现所有人都很安静、祥和，然而在所有人排队等候午餐的时候，有个人插队、抓过食物后咚咚地走到一个餐桌旁。新来的人问这个人是谁时，被告知“他是上帝，但是有时他也认为自己是个医生”。由于听众是护士，大家有着相同的经历，所以这个幽默起到了很好的效果。这个例子紧接着第一段的观点，显然是为了说明了解听众的经历在使用幽默的过程中很重要，故选c。 第18题 Which of the following might work as humor according to the author? A Making remarks about the inadequacy of hotel services with a group of hotel waiters. B Complaining about the dullness of newspaper content with some editors of it. C Commenting on the greediness of lawyers with several solicitors. D Teasing the inflexibility of traffic wardens with a group of drivers. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 推断题。根据作者的观点，对不同的人群要用不同的幽默才能起到预期的效果，因此，在宾馆服务员面前嘲讽宾馆服务的缺陷(A)，在编辑面前讽刺报纸内容质量不佳(B)，或者在律师的面前挤兑律师的贪婪(c)，无疑都不能起到什么好的效果。只有D，在出租车司机面前嘲笑交警的不知变通，才能起到良好的效果，因此正确答案是D。 第19题 What can help make one's humorous remarks natural and casual? A Preparation in advance. B The way one speaks. C Innate sense of humor. D Calm facial expression. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 细节题。第四段指出，常常使听众发笑的是说话的方式，放慢语速、扬扬眉毛或者露出一种难以置信的神情都会使你的评论显得愉快轻松，由此可见答案为B。选项A、C原文未提及；选项D与原文直接相反。 第20题 The passage discusses all of the following EXCEPT ______. A how one can be humorous B how humor works C where humor can come from D how practice can make one's humor perfect 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 主旨题。题目询问文章没有讨论四个问题中的哪一个。第一至三段说明了如何才能让幽默发挥作用(B)，第四段说明了人如何才能变得幽默(A)，第五段谈及幽默可以从哪里来 (C)。作者在第四段提到练习可以让人变得更加幽默，但并没有解释练习是如何使人幽默的，所以选D。 三、Listening Comprehension ( Interview )（共5小题,共5.0分）the next questions are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. 第1题 What did Mrs. Bruce's attitude towards suffragette movement use to be? A Supportive. B Contradictory. C Neutral. D Ambiguous. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]1-5 (I — Interviewer; B — Mrs. Bruce) I: I'm going to talk to you now about the suffragette movement. Were you yourself ever a suffragette, Mrs. Bruce? B: No, I did not approve of suffragettes. I did not want to have the vote. I felt the man of the house should be in charge of that section. And the woman, of course, to look after the home and the children, to be a good wife and mother. I think that voting was unnecessary, because politics was quite far from us women at that time. But I'm not going to say now, that perhaps it has had its advantages. I: How common was your attitude at the time that the suffragettes were being militant? B: Oh, I was very much against them. I didn't understand why they out to be so aggressive at some time. I'd be highly insulted if anybody called me a suffragette. I remember walking with my governess down Downing Street just past Number 10 and they chained themselves to the railings. Of course, I had a good laugh but I thought it wasn't going to be me. I: Were they a popular movement in their day? B: Well, with a certain number of course. And they tried very hard and eventually they got the vote, er through their efforts, so I suppose their efforts were good in quite a lot of ways, which I wasn't able to see in the past. Er, I think women in Parliament — there aren't many, but those who've been there have done a lot of good. As a matter of fact, to some extent, we are benefiting today from what they've achieved. I: So you think in the long term... B: In the long term, no harm was done. As long as their demonstrations were peaceful. I: Do you think it would matter very much if women didn't, hadn't achieved the vote, if they hadn't got the vote at all and still didn't have it? B: I don't think it would've made a great deal of difference, no, but there are certain things they've done — those that have been Members of Parliament — that have been very useful in helping women in their jobs, in other vocations. I think it's good that it happened. But I wish it happened a little bit more peacefully, perhaps. There might have been more changes in women's life if so. I: What sort of things can you remember? What other sorts of demonstrations do you remember? B: Marching, they were marching everywhere. But of course those were much more peaceful days; nobody interfered with their marches. There were a few boos here and there and a lot of clapping. Everyone was very excited. Yes. I: Did you, did you actually, know any suffragettes yourself? B: Well, my friends, my close friends, were not suffragettes but I had one or two friends, not very close friends that were. And we used to have great arguments and I used to say I didn't want the vote, I don't want to vote. I: How did they react to that? B: They didn't like that. They said I ought to join the movement, and told me a lot of examples, but I said, no I don't want to vote. I: But, and yet you've done so many exciting things. You've done so many things that in your day, were probably the exclusive preserve of the man. B: Well, yes. But voting didn't make any difference because that's a political thing, voting, I never, I don't care about women entering into politics particularly. Ah, no harm's been done with the few that have entered the House of Commons but, in fact, some have done a great deal of good. But that's quite different to beating men at their own job. Now that's nothing to do with votes. Now, for instance, I always got a great thrill on the race track at Brooklands, if I could beat, well, Sir Henry Seagrave, for instance, in a race, I never did beat him but I did beat Frazer Hash, a famous racing driver in a race, and I was thrilled to death. I thought that was super. I: So you don't mind actually joining men in their world of work and sport but you're happy to leave polities to them. B: No. I would rather really leave politics to them. Actually, I am convinced they are born to be good at that, but we are not. 第2题 What did Mrs. Bruce think of the suffragettes' efforts? A They were useless. B They were ridiculous. C They were good in a lot of ways. D They were somewhat limited. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 第3题 Which of the following statements about the suffragette movement is TRUE according to Mrs. Brace? A There would be much difference without the movement. B The movement should be more peaceful. C The movement actually did nothing good. D The movement brought something harmful in the long term. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 第4题 Which of the following about marching in the suffragette movement days is NOT true? A The marching was violent. B Nobody interfered. C There were a few boos. D There were a lot of clapping. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 第5题 What does Mrs. Bruce think about politics? A She thinks women shouldn't enter politics. B She thinks beating men at politics is great. C She thinks women sometimes can be better at politics than men. D She thinks politics is men's job. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 none、四（共Listening Comprehension ( Mini-Lecture )小题,10共分）10.0 第1题  In the United States, charter schools provide alternatives to "regular" public schools. Unlike most public schools, charters don't usually have an enrollment boundary and can recruit students from a larger geographic area. Ⅰ. Features of charter schools 1) admission process — no discrimination — a random of method like (1)______ 2) many different shapes — to cater to specific regulations — to offer a thematic or (2) ______ curriculum to provide an alternative to regular public school 3) location — more likely to be found in (3) ______ areas 4) management — run by large and small companies, parents, teachers, community groups and nonprofit organizations 5) size — most charter schools are new and (4) ______ 6) academic results — Charter schools don't necessarily produce better academic results than regular public schools. Ⅱ. Funding of charter schools 1) mostly from the state, generally based on their (5)______ 2) also from grants and additional donations for ambitious programs not fully funded y state/ district formulas 3) also a limited amount of (6) ______ to help start new charter schools 4) Funding for facilities can be (7) ______ for charter schools. Ⅲ. Monitoring of charter schools 1) authorizers — entities that grant schools (8) ______, and monitor their performance — including charter boards, school boards and (9)______ 2) key masons schools close — They can't recruit enough students. — They can't find a stable space to operate. — They can't manage (10)______ 【正确答案】： 答案:(a)lottery [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]1-10 In the United States, charter schools provide alternatives to "regular" public schools. Students may choose to enroll in a charter school instead of the school they were assigned to by their local school district. Unlike most public schools, charters don't usually have an enrollment boundary and can recruit students from a larger geographic area. You can consider any charter school in your district (or even outside of it, depending on your state) for your child, regardless of where the school is located. Today, I'll present a brief introduction to basic features, funding and monitoring practices of charter schools. First of all, charter schools can't discriminate in their admissions process. But it is not always easy to enroll in a charter school. Popular charters are often oversubscribed and utilize a random method of choosing students, such as a lottery. When you apply to a charter school, ask about your chances of being admitted. Charter schools come in many different shapes. Some charters cater to specific populations, such as students with learning or behavior challenges, those who are academically oriented or students interested in the arts. Others offer a thematic or specialized curriculum. There are also charters that do net have any special focus, but simply provide an alternative to the regular public school. Charters are more likely to be found in urban areas, and they are three times as likely to be located in big cities. In general, charters serve more low-income and minority students, although individual school populations vary from one community to another and from one state to another. Run by large and small companies, parents, teachers, community groups and nonprofit organizations, charters can also change management and might be started by one group and operated by others over time. When researching a charter school, it's important to know who started it, who currently runs it, its philosophy and financial status. Most charter schools are new and small. The charter school movement began in the 1990s and has grown rapidly. Many charter schools are 'less than five years old. Most are small in size, serving fewer students and offering smaller class sizes than regular public schools. There are now charter school laws in 41 states in the U. S. , plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, and more than 1 million students are currently enrolled in more than 3,600 charter schools. Charter schools don't necessarily produce better academic results than regular public schools. The research about charter school results is somewhat mixed. Some studies have shown that students make greater academic gains in charter schools; other studies have not. Charter school regulations vary from one state to another as do state-level achievement tests, which make it difficult to compare school results or draw conclusions on a national basis. Many people embrace the idea of charter schools because they give parents more choice, and are less concerned with whether this choice brings about any different results for students. Parents who choose charters are often drawn to their small size and personalized learning environments, regardless of what the numbers say about academic performance. As regards funding, charters receive it from the state, generally based on their enrollment. Similar to regular public schools, this funding is based on a formula for each child enrolled in the charter school. However, funding formulas vary from state to state and from school to school. In some states, such as Alaska, Colorado, Minnesota and New Jersey, charters do not receive exactly the same amount as other public schools because states and districts withhold administrative fees. In some states, like California, additional funds are made available to charters to cover facilities and start-up costs. Many charters have ambitious programs that are not fully funded by state/district formulas and engage in their own fundraising to obtain grants and additional donations. There is also a limited amount of federal funding to help start new charter schools. Funding for facilities can be a challenge for charter schools. In some cases, districts provide free space for charters and/or provide funding for charters to pay for facilities. But even with this support, charter schools often end up moving multiple times due to the difficulty of finding a permanent home. As you look at a charter school, be sure to ask about its facility status and whether it will need to move again in the future. Then, how are charter schools monitored? Authorizers are the entities that grant schools their charter, or agreement to operate, and monitor their performance. The authorizers vary from state to state and may include charter boards, school boards and universities. While each state's charter law is a bit different as to what can cause a school to be shut down, the key reasons schools close are: · They can't recruit enough students. · They can't find a stable space to operate. · They can't manage their finances. While this sounds dramatic, in reality, authorizers rarely close down charters. Charters do close, mainly due to low enrollment, but not as often as you might think. When researching a charter school, find out who authorized it, and see if you can get a copy of the latest performance report generated by the authorizer. Some authorizers do very in-depth performance reviews of their schools, so these reports can give you important insights about the school's long-term viability. OK, that's all I want to say about charter schools. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask me. 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:specialized 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:urban 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:small 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:enrollment 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:federal funding 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:challenge 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:(their) charter 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:universities 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:(their) finances none、五（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events cover 1______ a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual and social movement; yet the historical process 2______ which culminates in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency 3______ can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution 4______ represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modem England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modem Europe in the 5______ end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American 6______ colonies a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new 7______ nation. Here, in the popular rising for a "tyrannical" government, the fruits 8______ were more than the securing of a free constitution. They included the growth 9______ of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, in the first time, a nation was born, not in the 10______ dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world. 【正确答案】： 答案:cover→covering [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 问法错误，句子结构混乱。如果使用动词原形Cover，则that引导的结果状语从句内部在没有任何连词的情况下出现两个谓语动词is和cover (to attempt 和to represent是非谓语动词)，引起句子结构混乱，可参考模拟277中Part Ⅳ的第42题的[考点归纳]。此处，应使用相应的非谓语动词形式，由于cover和它的逻辑主语events是主动关系，所以使用其现在分词形式covering。 [考点归纳] 现在分词和过去分词： ·动词的分词形式属于非谓语动词，在句子中可以作状语或者定语，例如： Seeing a man come in, she stopped．看到有人进来，她停了下来。(状语) There are many companies coming to invest here．有许多公司正在投资。(定语) ·分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是对应的主句的主语，例如上面第一个例子中，seeing的逻辑主语就是she。 ·分词短语作状语，也可能有自己独立的逻辑主语，不同于主句的主语。这时它的逻辑主语和这个分词短语构成的成分叫做独立主格，例如： He stood there, his hands crossed．他站在那里，双手交叉。过去分词crossed的逻辑主语是 his hands，而并非主句的主语he。 ·分词短语作定语，其逻辑主句就是分词短语所修饰的那个名词，例如在There are many companies coming to invest here. 中, coming的逻辑主语就是companies。 ·若分词短语和逻辑主语间为主动关系，则使用现在分词，是被动关系，则使用过去分词， 例如： Hearing the news, he got very excited．听说了那个消息，他非常激动。he和hear间是主动关系，所以用hearing。 There is a rope suspended from the ceiling. 房顶上悬下一根绳子。rope和suspend间是被动关系，也即rope是suspend的宾语，所以使用suspended。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:and→or [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 逻辑错误。此处intellectual和social之间是选择关系，而非并列关系，否则前面就不会使用 one了，所以用or。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:culminates→culminated [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 句法错误，时态问题。这里讲的是Thomas Jefferson的时代，应该使用一般过去时。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:在nationalism前增加of [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 句法错误，并列句不对称。Not only…but also…并列的两个成分应该是对等的。not only后是of the birth of a new way of life，那么but also后就应该是of nationalism as a new way of life。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:in→at [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 词法错误，固定搭配。at the end of，意为“在…末”，没有in the end of这种说法。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:在to前增加had [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 句法错误，时态问题。句子的主语是the march of history，指过去的事情，那么谓语部分应该使用“should+现在完成时”的形式，表示应该做却没有做的事情。此处句意为“奇怪的是，历史征程应该早就越过大西洋，但是只有在北美的殖民地民族解放运动才最终导致了新国家的建立”。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:在colonies后增加could或者did [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 句法错误，倒装句问题。句首为only开头的介词短语作状语，那么句子应该部分倒装，就是在主语之前加上助动词，而实义动词的原形依然放在主语之后。 [考点归纳] 有以下的任何一种情况，句子部分倒装： ·表示否定的副词位于句首，如：Under no circumstances shall you lie to me．你在任何情况下都不应该对我撒谎。 ·由only构成的短语作状语位于句首，如：Only in this way can we solve the problem．只有通过这种方法我们才能解决问题。 ·so...that句型中的so，such...that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装，如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他如此恐惧，不敢移动一步。 ·在某些表示祝愿的句型中要用倒装，如：May you all be happy. 祝你们全都幸福。 ·在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词为were, had, should等词，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装，如：Were I you, I would try it again．如果我是你，我就会再试一试。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:for→against [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 逻辑错误，逻辑反义同。此处指“反对残暴的政府”，而非支持，所以应该使用介词against。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:free→freer [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 逻辑错误。根据上下文，constitution(宪法，国体)在反抗中有可能变得自由一些，而绝对不可能是“自由”，因为只要是国家，就必然不会出现所谓的free constitution。此处应该使用 freer，显然是在和句子前半句的tyrannical做对比。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:in→for [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 词法错误，介词误用。“第一次”英文应该是for the first time。 六、Chinese to English （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 我的最大爱好是深思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。情绪上的大欢乐和大悲痛往往都在孤独中产生。孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行。孤独更多地产生人生的诗情——激昂的和伤感的。孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨。 【正确答案】： My greatest avocation is musing. I can stay by myself for a long time without feeling disconsolate in the least. Happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, so is sorrow tasted privately. In solitude, the mind is not a complete blank; it remains a rich and colorful world. Solitude often induces ecstasy or anguish, and allows thinking to wander in a random way. She inspires the mood for poems, passionate or pathetic. She also enables people to think further and deeper and to have a more thorough understanding and examination of themselves and their environment. 七、English to Chinese （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhuman and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing people — even those nearest to us — can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odors of subtropical plants, ladies' perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian's warm and cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter's intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, the topographer's accuracy, and the impressionist's sensitivity. Moreover — side by side with Joyce and perhaps even more so — Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him. 【正确答案】： 福克纳是一名善于观察的心理学家，在众多仍然在世的英荚小说家当中，他堪称是无人匹敌的大师。他的同行当中无人具有他那非凡的想象力以及塑造人物的能力。在以死亡为主题的悲剧或喜剧中，福克纳塑造的近似人类而又超乎人类的人物都来源于他对现实的观察，而这些现实即使是我们身边最贴近的人都很少有人能够提供如此真实的信息。这些人物在一个混杂了亚热带植物的清香、女人香水的芳香、黑人汗水的体香和骡马臭味的环境中活动，这股气味甚至可以立即弥漫到斯堪的纳维亚的一间温暖舒适的小房子里。作为一名风景画画家，福克纳具有猎人般熟知猎场的能力，地形学家的精确的判断力和印象派画家的敏感力。此外，福克纳还是二十世纪伟大的实验主义者和小说家，与乔伊斯并列，但或许要强于乔伊斯。在他的小说当中，没有任何两部小说在写作手法上是相似的。似乎正是通过这种不断的更新，福克纳才可以获得他想要的创作广度，而这种广度是他所处的缺乏创见的世界(无论是主观的还是客观的世界)所不能给予他的。 八、Writing（本大题1小题．每题20.0分，共20.0分。 ） 第1题 The twentieth century saw great change. In your opinion, what is one change that should be remembered about the twentieth century? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your opinion. In the first part of your essay you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you shouM support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. 【正确答案】： Computer The twentieth century witnessed great changes in the whole world: economic boom, industrial development and raise in people's living standards, to which technological evolution contributed a lot. Among all those inventions, which was the greatest one? Different people have different views. Some think the greatest invention was television, while others believe it should be atom energy. But as far as I am concerned, in terms of the depth of influence, no other inventions can be compared with computers, which would remain unrivalled even for another one hundred years. First of all, computers save a great deal of effort people spend on calculating. Before computers were invented, people had to calculate manually. Sometimes it took scientists weeks, even months to work out a result, during the course of which they might make mistakes and the accuracy of data was in turn affected. But with the help of computers, people are freed from heavy calculation. It only takes seconds to have a result which used to take weeks in the past. Moreover, not only the speed but also the accuracy is improved to a large extent. Computers can also simulate different environments that can't be created in real life. In the science research, sometimes scientists need to have a simulation environment to improve their theories or as a basis of further research. Without computers it would be difficult to have accurate and reliable results. But computers can make everything easy. Just input programs and data, everything will be done. With computers, the storage of information has become easier, which in turn has increased the whole world's efficiency. At banks, post offices, 'and supermarkets, people no longer need to queue for a long time, because computers help the working staff increase their work efficiency — files and data stored in computers can be located in a very short time and their chances of getting lost are lowered to a large extent. Computers' influence has been further reinforced with the appearance of Internet, which was developed based on the local area network (LAN) of computers. Today, Internet has become the fastest developing medium in the world and you can do almost everything you need on it: communicating with friends, reading news, watching movies, listening to music etc. But you must do all the above things on a computer. Although many other inventions of the 20th century brought great convenience to human or changed people's lives, computers have the most valuable contribution to human, and it will have much more contribution in the future. [审题] 在上个世纪，世界发生了巨大的变化。题目要求考生自己命题，谈谈自己认为20世纪最应该记住的发明是什么。 文章本身并不难写，首先要确定自己的观点，就是20世纪最重要的发明是什么。所谓“最应该记住”，就是说它对整个世界的变化影响最大。写作时，可以有两种方法：一种是一一列举该发明的重要性，对社会的发展、人们的生活有什么重大的影响，论证时还可以用反证法说如果没有这种发明世界会怎么样；另外一种就是在列举该发明重要性的同时，将它和其他较为重要的发明进行对比，从而更加凸显其重要性。 九、General Knowledge（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。 There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. ） 第1题 The longest river in Britain is______. A the Mersey B the Severn C the Thames D the Clyde 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 英国地理。询问英国最长的河流是什么，答案为the Severn(塞文河)，该河全长354公里。 [考点归纳] 英国主要河流 ·The Severn River: 英国最长的河流； ·The Thames River：英国第二长河流，也是英国最为重要的河流，适于运输； ·Rive Clyde：苏格兰最重要的河流。 第2题 The largest city of British Columbia in Canada is______. A Ottawa B Winnipeg C Vancouver D Montreal 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 加拿大地理。考查加拿大British Columbia(英属哥伦比亚)最大的城市。参考Model Test Four第34题的[考点归纳]。 第3题 Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by ______. A Nathaniel Hawthorne B Harriet Beecher Stowe C Stephen Crane D Eugene O'Neil 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 美国文学之作家作品。Uncle Tom's Cabin(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)是一部以反抗奴隶制为主题的小说，是女作家Harriet Beecher Stowe的成名作。林肯曾经高度评价过这部小说。 第4题 The Parliament of Australia consists of the House of Representatives and______. A the House of Commons B the House of Lords C the Senate D the General 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 澳大利亚政治。题目询问澳大利亚议会的组成，答案为the Sense(参议院)。 [考点归纳] 各国的议会和主要政党 · The U. K. : the House of Lords and the House of Commons; the Labor Party and the Conservative Party · The U. S. : the Senate and the House of Representatives; Democratic Party and Republican Party · Canada: the Sense and the House of Commons; the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservative Party · Australia: the Senate and the House of Representatives；the Australian Labor Party, the Liberal Party of Australia, the National Party of Australia and the Australian Democrats 第5题 Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution, which are known as______. A the Bill of Rights B the Civil Rights C Federalist Papers D the Articles of Confederation 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 美国历史。题目考查1789年加入美国宪法的十条修正案叫什么，它们其实就是通常所说的Bill of Rights(权利和自由法案)。 [考点归纳] The American Constitution(美国宪法)： ·起草于1787年，1789年生效，是世界上最早成文的宪法； ·共有七条(Article Ⅰ — Article Ⅶ)，其中前三条分别是：the Legislative Article(立法)， the Executive Article(执法)和the Judicial Article(司法)； ·共有二十七条修正案，前十条由James Madison在1791年提出，总称Bill of Rights(权利和自由法案)。 第6题 Which of the following is NOT a case in English? A Nominative. B Accusative. C Genitive. D Vocative. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语言学基本知识。本题考查句法学中case(格)这个概念。英语中，只有nominative(主格)、accusative(宾格)和genitive(属格)，没有vocative(呼格)。 第7题 ______ is often described as "father of modem linguistics". A Saussure B Chomsky C Bloomfield D Haliday 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语言学家概况。该题考查谁被称为“现代语言学之父”，答案是Saussure(索绪尔)。可参见模拟276的[考点归纳]。 第8题 Which of the following phrases is an example of an endocentric construction? A on the shelf B beyond the words C an old man D without thinking 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 语言学概念的实例分析。询问哪一个短语是endocentric construction(向心结构)的范例。参见模拟280第40题的[考点归纳]。 第9题 A reference in a literary work to a person, a place or a thing in history or another work of literary is an______. A allegory B archetype C analogy D allusion 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 文学基本概念。文学作品对历史上的或者其他文学作品中的人、地点、物的借用叫做典故(allusion)。allegory指“寓言”，archetype是“原型”，analogy意为“类推”，均应排除。 第10题 Who is called "father of English and European novels"? A Mark Twain B Daniel Defoe C William Makepeace Thackeray D David Herbert Lawrence 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 英国文学之作家概况。Daniel Defoe是英国现实主义小说家，被誉为“英国及欧洲小说之父”，其代表作为Robinson Crusoe(《鲁滨逊漂流记》)。 [考点归纳] 几位英国作家及其荣誉称号： ·Geoffrey Chaucer: the father of English poetry ·Edmund Spencer: the poets’poet ·Daniel Defoe: father of English and European novels ·William Wordsworth: Poet Laurel 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com