2014年专业八级考试试题及答案解析(三)

专业八级考试及答案解析(三) 一、Listening Comprehension (News Broadcast)（共5小题,共5.0分）In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow. 第1题   Which of the following statements is NOT true about Vietnam's economy? A Its exports have grown over 6% per annum. B Its poverty has halved form over 60% to under 30%. C Its economic growth rate reaches more than 7 % a year. D Its per capita income has doubled. after a decade's reforms. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]   Vietnam' economy is one of the fastest growing in Asia, powered by international trade. After a decade of reforms, Vietnam's economy is growing more than 7 percent a year (1), lifting incomes and reducing poverty. The biggest changes were in the banking system and in selling state-owned companies to private businesses. The result has been a surge in exports. Vietnam's per capita income in the last 10 years or so has more than doubled. It's grown over six percent per annum (1). Poverty has been halved from around 60 percent to under 30 percent (1). The Ministry of Trade reports that exports grew 17 percent in the first half of this year, compared with a year ago. Recently, however, the trade outlook had clouded. This week, the US Commerce Department imposed tariffs on Vietnamese shrimp exporters, saying they were selling shrimp at below market prices in a practice known as "dumping" (2). Another setback was the recent decision by the World Trade Organization to delay Vietnam's entry to the world trade body, saying the country needs more time to meet the requirements of membership. The WTO wants Vietnam to further reduce trade barriers, continue reforming the corporate legal system, and improve the government's financial operations and budgeting process (3). 题目问四个选项中对越南经济表述不正确的一项。选项B、C、D的内容在短文中均直接提及：“Poverty has been halved from around 60 percent to under 30 percent”、"Vietnam's economy is growing more than 7 percent a year"、"Vietnam's per capita income in the last 10 years or so has more than doubled”，而年增长逾6%的不是出口而是人均收入，所以选项A的表述不正确，答案为选项A。 第2题 The trade outlook in Vietnam had clouded because ______. A the US stops importing Vietnamese shrimps B the WTO refuses Vietnam's application for entry C the WTO accuses Vietnamese exporters of dumping D the US establishes trade barrier on Vietnamese shrimps exports 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问越南贸易前景不明朗的原因。短文提到：“the US Commerce Department imposed tariffs on Vietnamese shrimp exporters, saying they were selling shrimp at below market prices in a practice known as 'dumping'"，由此可知美国以“倾销”为由对越南的虾类出口征收关税，进而推断出正确答案为选项D。 第3题 To meet the requirements of WTO membership, Vietnam should take action in the following aspects EXCEPT ______. A reduction of trade barrier B reforms in banking system C reforms in corporate laws D improvement of government administration 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问四个选项中哪一项不属于越南为达到世贸组织成员国要求而应采取的措施。新闻结尾处提到：“The WTO wants Vietnam to further reduce trade barriers, continue reforming the corporate legal system，and improve the government's financial operations and budgeting process”，即世贸组织希望越南能进一步减少贸易壁垒，继续改革公司法律体制，改善政府的财政运作和预算过程，但并未涉及银行业的改革。故正确答案为选项B。 第4题   What's the name of the spacecraft? A Voyager. B Orbiter. C Messenger. D Pathfinder. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文]   Scientists working with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "or NASA, are preparing to launch a rocket from Florida's Cape Canaveral Monday on a mission to the planet Mercury. The Messenger spacecraft will not go into orbit around the closest planet to the San for several years (1), but when it does it will have the instruments needed to unlock many secrets. Mercury is a mysterious planet. Scientists are intrigued by a number of phenomena on this little-explored planet (2) and believe that a better understanding of it would yield important information about Earth as well. The one and only time a spacecraft did fly by Mercury resulted in photographs of one side of the planet (10) that led to more questions than answers. This current mission is directed at answering a whole array of intriguing questions, according to Messenger Science Payload Manager Robert Gold. 题目问美国航空航天局将要发射的是哪个航空器，文中明确提到：“The Messenger spacecraft will not go into orbit around the closest planet to the sun for several years”，故正确答案为选项C。 第5题 Which of the following is NOT true about the news? A This is the first flight of a spacecraft to Mercury. B A spacecraft has Visited Mercury. C Scientists have photographs of Mercury. D Scientists have been intrigued by what they have learned about Mercury. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问有关这则新闻的四个选项中，哪一项表述错误。短文提到：“The one and only time a spacecraft did fly by Mercury resulted in photographs of one side of the planet”、"Scientists are intrigued by a number of phenomena on this little-explored planet"，故选项C、D都有提及，且选项A与B矛盾。文中提到之前仅有一次航空器飞经而非抵达水星，故选项A的表述正确，所以答案为选项B。 二、Reading Comprehension (Comprehension)（共20小题,共20.0分）In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two. 第1题 Many Americans breathed a sigh of relief about this week's ruling by the Supreme Court on "affirmative action". In a 5-4 ruling, the court decided that universities (and by extension companies and the armed forces) can use race as a criterion when they choose which people they let in. Citing the importance of racial diversity, the court argued that giving preference to "disadvantaged minorities" was in the national interest. On the other hand, in a 6-3 decision, the justices struck down a specific points-scoring system used by the University of Michigan because it made race "a decisive factor". The compromise has been welcomed by George Bush, various Democratic presidential candidates, the Pentagon and several large companies, Alas, a popular decision is not necessarily a correct one. In this case the decision seems doubly incorrect—wrong in principle and wrong in execution This is not the pragmatic solution that takes race out of the equation. The principle part of the argument is simple enough. Affirmative action, no less than any other form of discrimination, is a bad idea which for a brief time made some sense. In the 1960s, it was right to set up programmes to help black Americans readdress years of discrimination. Now, 40 years after the Civil Rights Act, the idea of reparation no longer makes sense. The Supreme Court admits this. Hence the new rationale of diversity. Again, this is certainly in America's national Interest. But it is a colossal jump from extending help to people who happen to be members of minorities to allowing laws that discriminate in favor of people on the basis of their skin. For that in the end is what affirmative action is: judging people by their color, The great tragedy of the struggle to get rid of this anachronism in America as opposed to, say, in South Africa under apartheid is that it has been portrayed as a conservative cause. In fact, treating each applicant for a job or a university place as an individual goes to the heart of liberalism. The white and Asian students who were denied places at the University of Michigan on the basis of their color were treated illiberally. Ah, reply the defenders of affirmative action, you are being simplistic. This in one way is true: principles on this basis do tend to be simple. But the charge of neglecting important complications anyway needs to be hurled back at advocates of affirmative action. If racial preferences have any logic at all, it is two-tone countries with a clear and racially defined over class and underclass. One could make a good case that America 40 years ago fitted that description; today it is a far more complicated place. Blacks, the first target of affirmative action, are not even the biggest minority any longer; Latinos are. The fastest-growing group of Americans is of people who say they belong to more than one race. Is a Latino-Asian more in need of affirmative action than a black Pacific Islander who is half native American? And should whites count as a minority, which they are already in Los Angeles? It is hardly surprising that the University of Californian dropped this nonsense. Now for the second big problem: execution. Remember that the Supreme Court also struck down the most explicit version of affirmative action, Michigan's point-scoring system. This may have been ghastly, but, like the "scientific" systems that South Africa once invented for grading whiteness, it had the virtue of being clear. People could see when they were not getting jobs, university places or promotion in the army because of their skin color. Now affirmative action will go underground. It will be like one of those 01d clubs that had no rules banning Jews; they just didn't seem to have any. Opacity will please nobody but lawyers and rabble-rousers. Above all, race-based affirmative action will continue to give America an excuse to run away from dealing with a far more pressing issue that really is about fairness: the condition of the nation's public schools. In America, the gap between rich suburban high schools and poor inner-city ones is remarkable and disgraceful. Addressing the problem means recognizing that it has more to do with class than with face. The children of the (fast-gr0wing) black and Latino middle classes go to much better schools than poor white Afghan and Albanian refugee kinds who have just arrived in Bronx. The justice had a chance this week to draw a line under a once-successful experiment, and to begin the long process of removing race from American law. In most civilized Countries, judging somebody on the basis of their race is illegal; but not in the world's most diverse country, where race is getting ever harder to define. Looking at this week's judgment, George Orwell would not have known whether to laugh or cry; but he would certainly have started writing. According to the Supreme Court, "affirmative action" is decided mainly in order to ______. A separate students on the basis of their skin color B admit students of different races to universities C make sure students of all races have an equal chance for higher education D replace points-scoring system used by the University of Michigan 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问最高法院决定实施“反歧视行动”的主要目的是什么。第1段第2句说：“the court decided that universities (and by extension companies and the armed forces) can use race as a criterion when they choose which people they let in(法院决定大学(也可推广到企业和军队)录取学生时可将种族作为一个标准)”。第3句提到：“Citing the importance of racial diversity，the court argued that giving preference to disadvantaged minorities' was in the national interest(考虑到种族多样性的重要性，最高法院认为照顾‘弱势少数族裔’符合国家利益)”。选项B符合文意，故为答案。 第2题 According to the author, the defenders of affirmative action are being simplistic because they fail to realize that ______. A the principle of affirmative action hurt the heart of liberalism B affirmative action is, in fact, conservative C it would be very difficult to distinguish races D there is no minority in US any more 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问“反歧视行动”的拥护者太简单化是因为他们没有意识到什么。第5、6段了现代美国社会由于种族问题很复杂，很难区别出谁是少数民族。选项C符合文意，故为答案。 第3题 The author believes that greatest importance should be attached to ______. A class discrimination B racial discrimination C violation of liberalism D reformation of university's admission system 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问作者认为人们最应重视的问题是什么。第8段第1句提到：“Above all, race-based affirmative action will continue to give America an excuse to run away from dealing with a far more pressing issue that really is about fairness: the condition of the nation's public schools(基于种族的‘反歧视行动’会继续让美国有理由来逃避真正关乎公平而急需解决的问题——美国公立学校状况)”。第3句说：“Addressing the problem means recognizing that it has more to，do with class than with race(解决这个问题意味着人们要意识到该问题关乎阶级甚于种族)”。选项A符合文意，故为答案。 第4题 Which of the following about affirmative action and Michigan's point-scoring system is true? A They are both welcomed by the US government. B It is hard to trace their inequality. C They are both grading system. D They are both forms of discrimination. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列关于“反歧视行动”和密歇根大学的记分制的说法哪项是正确的。第1段和第7段都涉及了反歧视行动和密歇根大学的记分制。第7段第2句指出：“the Supreme Court also struck down the most explicit version of affirmative action, Michigan's point-scoring system(法院推翻了密歇根大学的记分制——反歧视行动的直接版本)”。选项D符合文意，故为答案。 第5题 What is the author's main purpose of writing this article? A to criticize point-scoring system of the University of Michigan. B to denounce the affirmative action decided by the Supreme Court. C to support the diversity of American society. D to call for the help to minority groups in the US 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问本文的主要写作意图。第2段明确提到作者的观点：“Alas, a popular decision is not necessarily a correct one. In this case the decision seems doubly incorrect-wrong in principle and wrong in execution(受欢迎的决定不一定是正确的决定。‘反歧视行动’似乎在原则上和执行中都是错误的)”。文章最后一段也表达了作者的惋惜和之意。因此可以看出作者的目的是指责、抨击这一裁决，故答案为B。 第6题 It is hard to conceive of a language without nouns or verbs. But that is just what Riau Indonesian is, a researcher says at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in Leipzigstates. Dr. Gil has been studying Riau for the past 12 years. Initially, he says, he struggled with the language, despite being fluent in standard Indonesian. However, a breakthrough came when he realized that what he had been thinking of as different parts of speech were, in fact, grammatically the same. For example, the phrase "the chicken is eating" translating into colloquial Riau is "ayam makan". Literally, the phrase means "chicken eat". But the same pair of words also have meanings as diverse as "the chicken is making somebody eat", or "somebody is eating where the chicken is". There are, he says, no modifiers that distinguish the tenses of verbs. Nor are there modifiers for nouns that distinguish the definite from the indefinite. Indeed, there are no features in Riau Indonesian that distinguish nouns from verbs. These categories, he says, are imposed because the languages that Western linguists are familiar with having them. This sort of observation flies in the face of conventional wisdom about what languages is. Most linguists are influenced by the work of Noam Chomsky—in particular, his theory of "deep grammar". According to Dr. Chomsky, people are born with a sort of linguistic template in their brains. This is a set of rules that allows children to learn a language quickly, but also imposes constraints and structure on what is learnt. Evidence in support of this theory includes the tendency of children to make systematic mistakes which indicate a tendency to impose rules on what turn out to be grammatical exceptions (e. g. "I dided it" instead of "I did it"). There is also the ability of the children of migrant workers to invent new languages known as creoles out of the grammatically incoherent pidgin spoken by their parents. Exactly what the deep grammar consists of is still not clear, but a basic distinction between nouns and verbs would probably be one of its minimum requirements. Dr. Gil contends, however, that there is a risk of unconscious bias leading to the conclusion that a particular sort of grammar exists in an unfamiliar language. That is because it is easier for linguists to discover extra features in foreign languages, for example, tones that change the meaning of words, which are common in Indonesian but do not exist in European languages than to realize that elements which are taken for granted in a linguist's native language may be absent from another. Despite the best intentions, he says, there is a tendency to fit languages into a mould. And since most linguists are Westerners, that mould is usually an Indo-European language from the West. It needs not, however, be a modern language. Dr. Gil's point about bias is well illustrated by the history of the study of the world's most widely spoken tongue. Many of the people who developed modern linguistics had had an education in Latin and Greek. As a consequence, English was often described until well into the 20 century as having six different noun cases, because Latin has six. Only relatively recently did grammarians begin a debate over noun cases in English. Some now contend that it does not have noun cases at all; others argue that it has two while still others maintain that there are three or four cases. The difficulty is compounded if a linguist is not fluent in the language he is studying. The process of linguistic fieldwork is a painstaking one, fraught with pitfalls. Its mainstay is the use of "informants" who tell linguists, in interviews and on paper, about their language. Unfortunately, these informants tend to be better-educated than their fellows and are often fluent in more than one language. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Riau Indonesian? A It is quite different from standard Indonesian. B It shares some features with Western languages. C There are no distinct features between nouns and verbs. D It is hard for Western linguists to differentiate verb tenses. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列关于印尼的Riau语言的说法哪项不正确。第1段第3句提到：“Initially, he says, he struggled with the language, despite being fluent in standard Indonesian(尽管Dr. Gil能熟练说标准印尼语，但他在刚开始研究印尼的Riau语时还是十分吃力)”，A符合此意，故排除；倒数第3句指出：“There are no modifiers that distinguish the tenses of verbs(没有能区别动词时态的修饰词)”，选项D符合此意，故排除；倒数第2句说：“there are no features in Riau Indonesian that distinguish nouns from verbs(Riau Indonesian中名词和动词没有明显的区别)”，选项C符合此意，故排除；只有B项在文中未提及，故为答案。 第7题 Which of the following sentence cannot serve as evidence of Noam Chomsky's theory of "deep grammar" ? A "He never forgaved her for teasing him. " B "She beganed to feel a sense of panic. " C "Sheeps were grazing on the hillside. " D "There are a desk and two chairs here. " 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列那句话不能用于支持乔姆斯基的深层语法理论的证据。根据题干定位第2段。其中第5句指出：“Evidence in support of this theory includes the tendency of children to make systematic mistakes which indicate a tendency to impose rules on what turn out to be grammatical exceptions (e.g. 'I dided it' instead of 'I did it')(支持深层语法理论的证据包括孩子们倾向于犯规律性的错误。他们倾向于把语法规则应用于特殊语法情况，如将‘I did it ’错误地写成‘I dided it’)”。可见，这里说的是将一般语法规则运用到特殊情况下。A和B都是过去时态的错误使用，C是名词复数的错误应用，只有D不属于将某个一般语法规则应用于特殊情况，故为答案。 第8题 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______. A linguists tend to choose a better way to explain unfamiliar languages B Riau Indonesian belongs to the Indo-European language family C Riau Indonesian might not fit into an existing mould D Dr. Gil's argument has been criticized by other linguists 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列哪项可从第3段中推断出来。从该段首句可知Dr. Gil认为人们存在一种偏见——以为一种陌生的语言中也存在一种特定的语法。紧接着解释了原因：人们比较容易找出外国语言的特点，却不太容易会想到本国语言中的某些因素在其他语言中可能不存在。最后两句指出：“Despite the best intentions, he says, there is a tendency to fit languages into a mould And since most linguists are westerners, that mould is usually an Indo-European language from the West(虽然语言学家们的出发点很好，但是他们却容易将不同的语言套进一个模式。由于大部分语言学家都是西方国家的，这一语言模式通常就是以西方的印欧语系为基础)”：印尼的Riau语言显然不属于西方语言，因此不能将之套入现有的印欧语系模式，故选项C为答案。 第9题 The author's attitude towards Dr. Gil's contentions is one of ______. A disbelief B deprecation C corroboration D ambiguity 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问作者如何看待Dr. Gil的观点。第4段第2句指出：“Dr. Gil's point about bias is well illustrated by the history of the study of the world's most widely spoken tongue(人们长期以来对世界上使用范围最广的语言进行的研究很好地解释了Dr, Gil关于偏见的观点)”。由此可见他支持Dr. Gil的观点，故选项C为答案。 第10题 The word "pitfalls' in the last paragraph probably means ______. A problems B grievance C puns D knowledge 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列哪项可能是最后一段中“pitfall”一词的含义。末段第1、2句指出：“The difficulty is compounded if a linguist is not fluent in the language he is studying. The process of linguistic fieldwork is a painstaking one，fraught with pitfalls(如果一个语言学家对所研究的语言掌握得不太好，那研究的难度会加大。语言研究调查工作是非常辛苦的，充满着pitfalls)”。可见“pitfall”这里是指“困难，问题”，故A为答案。 第11题 What will become of Proton, Malaysia's struggling carmaker? A political project set up in the 1980s, it never picked up speed, has been overtaken by foreign competitors and has become embroiled in a struggle over its future direction. With its cash reserves running low, it is now in danger of breaking down altogether. The government, which hopes to place the company with a "strategic partner", simply wants to extricate itself from the mess with the minimum of humiliation. Which route it will take is the subject of feverish speculation. Proton was set up by the government in 1983 and started building cars two years later in association with Mitsubishi of Japan. It was a central part of the strategy laid out by Mahathin Mohamad, the Prime Minister at the time, to transform Malaysia into an industrialized nation by 2020. The idea was that a big carmaker would create jobs, provide access to technologies, bring in export earnings and spawn a host of supporting industries. But Proton never got big. Although it once had 65 % of the local market output, it never rose above 227,000 cars a year and exports never exceeded 20,000 units annually. In an industry dominated by a handful of global giants, each producing 3m-6m cars a year, Proton remains a minnow. Yet it has refused to scale down its ambitions. Proton has built factories capable of churning out lm cars a year and has launched a range of models. But the quality is poor, and low volumes mean it is not able to compete on cost. Even local consumers have become fed up with Proton's cars, with their sharply declining second-hand values. They have switched loyalties to what was once the second national carmaker, Perodua, which is now controlled and very competently run by Japan's Daihatsu, part of Toyota. Proton's market share in Malaysia has fallen steadily in the past few years and is now just 31%. The crisis has intensified in recent weeks because Proton's cash is running out. In 2003 it had 3.8 billion ringgit ($1.1 billion) in the bank, but today it has only 500m ringgit, half of what it had in March. Hence the government's recent announcement that it was in new talks with two big European car groups, Volkswagen and PSA Peugeot Citroen, with a view to selling part or all of its stake to one of them or forming some kind of strategic alliance. The trouble is that Proton is not just an ailing carmaker. It is also a political hot potato, since it is caught up in the feud between Dr. Mahathir and Abdullah Badawi, who succeeded him as Prime Minister in 2003. Mr. Badawi sees the firm as a liability, but to Dr. Mahathir any sale would be tantamount to dismantling his legacy. Khazanah, the national investment authority and Proton's main shareholder, is also reluctant to sell because of the write-down it would take. To complicate matters further, Proton's management, in an effort to assert control,, has Signed vague letters of intent with carmakers including Peugeot. And three local car importers, DRB-Hicom, Naza Group and Mofaz, separately offered to buy Proton in order to keep it in Malaysian hands. But even if a buyer can be found, a sale would cause other problems. Foreign buyers would be interested mainly in access to the market, not in Proton's factories, models or headstrong managers, who insist that a little more investment is all that is needed to turn the firm around. And although another carmaker could use Proton's manufacturing plants, it would make little financial sense, since most parts would have to be imported. Foreign component-makers, put off by Malaysia's rules that give advantages to ethnic Malays, have set up shop in Thailand instead. Malaysia's government, the Prime Minister and his meddling predecessor do not have long to decide which way to turn. Should Proton give up and become a tiny part of a global carmaker, or should it struggle on in the hope that things will somehow improve? Selling out to a foreign firm would be humiliating. But Proton's struggles are already a national embarrassment as it is. The government wants to save Proton in order to ______. A guard against the loss of state assets B get out of the predicament decently C win the trust of its citizens D make profits from the car sale 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问政府拯救宝腾公司的目的。第1段第2句提到宝腾汽车公司是：“A political project set up in the 1980s(政府扶植的一个汽车项目)”；第4句表明了政府在该公司面临破产时的反应：“The government, which hopes to place the company with a ‘strategic partner', simply wants to extricate itself from the mess with the minimum of humiliation(政府希望为宝腾找个战略伙伴，其实政府只是想从困境中抽身来挽回面子)”。B项“get out of the predicament”为“extricate itself from...”的同义转述，故为答案。 第12题 The word "minnow" in Line 8 of Paragraph 2 probably means a company ______. A that is small and unimportant B that is big and important C that is big but unimportant D that is small but important 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问第2段末句中minnow -词的具体含义。第2段第3句指出了宝腾公司成立的初衷是为了创造就业机会、学习先进技术、出口创收和带动其他后备工业的发展，但是第4句说“But Proton never got big”。再比较一下宝腾的生产能力：“output never rose above 227,000 cars a year”和全球汽车制造业巨头的“3m-6m cars a year”，可以推断出minnow应该是有“微不足道”之意，A项与此意相符，故为答案。 第13题 Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of Proton's loss of market share? A Higher cost. B Rapid devaluation. C Obsolete shape. D Inferior quality. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问哪个不是宝腾失去市场份额的原因。第3段第3句指出：“But the quality is poor and low volumes mean it is not able to compete on cost”指出了宝腾汽车销售不好的原因在于质量和价格；第4句指出：“Even local consumers have become fed up with Proton's cars, with their sharply declining second-hand values”，说明该车保值率很低。故A、B、D都是文中涉及到的因素，只有C未提及，故本题答案为C。 第14题 As to Proton's managers, the author shows ______. A antipathy B compassion C disfavor D contempt 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问作者怎么看待宝腾公司的经理们。第6段第2句提到了经理们：“Foreign buyers would be interested... not in Proton's factories, models or headstrong managers, who insist that a little more investment is all that is needed to turn the firm around”。其中headstrong修饰managers，意为“刚愎自用的”，可见作者对managers并无好感，C符合文意，为答案；D项的“contempt”意为“鄙视、蔑视”为过渡推断，语气太强；A项的“antipathy”意为“反感，憎恨”，语气也太强；B项的“compassionate”意为“同情的”，与语境不符。 第15题 What is the main idea of the text? A Malaysian government is trying to solve Proton's problem. B Proton is involved in a political struggle of two leaders. C Proton fails to grow into one of the biggest carmakers. D Malaysia's crisis-ridden national carmaker faces a stark choic 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问本文的主旨大意。第1段首句提出问题：“What will become of Proton, Malaysia's struggling carmaker?”。然后围绕该问题展开说明。首先对宝腾公司的现状进行说明，之后分析了该公司陷入困境的原因；然后指出宝腾处境的尴尬性，对于可能的解决分析利弊，最后由两个问句：“Should Proton give up and become a tiny part of a global carmaker, or should it struggle on in the hope that things will somehow improve?”，首尾呼应。可见，全文第1句就是全文主旨，D正是对该句内容的概括，故为答案。A、B、C项都是文中的细节信息，非文章主旨大意。 第16题 "The landscape seen from our windows is certainly charming," said Annabel, "those cherry orchards and green meadows, and the river winding along the valley, and the church tower peeping out among the elms, they all make the most effective picture. There's something dreadfully sleepy and languorous about it, though; stagnation seems to be the dominant note. Nothing ever happens here; seedtime and harvest, an occasional outbreak of measles or a mildly destructive thunderstorm, and a little election excitement about once in five years, that is all that we have to modify the monotony of our existence. Rather dreadful, isn't it?" "On the contrary," said Matilda, "I find it Soothing and restful; but then, you see, I've lived in countries where things do happen, ever so many at a time, when you're not ready for them happening all at once. " "That, of course, makes a difference," said Annabel. "I have never forgotten," said Matilda, "the occasion when the Bishop of Bequar paid us an unexpected visit; he was on his way to lay the foundation-stone of a mission-house or something o the sort. " "I thought that out there you were always prepared for emergency guests turning up," said Annabel. "I was quite prepared for half a dozen Bishops," said Matilda, "but it was rather disconcerting to find out after a little conversation that this particular one was a distant cousin of mine, belonging to a branch of the family that had quarreled bitterly and offensively with our branch about a Crown Derby dessert service; they got it, and we ought to have got it, in some legacy, or else we got it and=they thought they ought to have it, I forget which; anyhow, I know they behaved disgracefully. " "It was rather trying, but you could have left your husband to do most of the entertaining. " "My husband was fifty miles up-country, talking sense, or what he imagined to be sense, to a village community that fancied one of their leading men was a were-tiger. " "A what tiger?" "A were-tiger; you've heard of were-wolves, haven't you, a mixture of wolf and human being and demon? Well, in those parts they have were-tigers, or think they have, and I must say that in this case, so far as sworn and uncontested evidence went, they had every ground for thinking so. However, as we gave up witchcraft prosecutions about three hundred years ago, we don't like to have other people keeping on our discarded practices; it doesn't seem respectful to our mental and moral position. " "I hope you weren't unkind to the Bishop," said Annabel. "Well, of course he was my guest, so I had to be outwardly polite to him, but he was tactless enough to rake up the incidents of the old quarrel, and to try to make out that there was something to be said for the way his side of the family had behaved; even if there was, which I don't for a moment admit, my house was not the place in which to say it. I didn't argue the matter, but I gave my cook a holiday to go and visit his aged parents some ninety miles away. The emergency cook was not a specialist in curries, in fact, I don't think cooking in any shape or form could have been one of his strong points. I believe he originally came to us in the guise of a gardener, but as we never pretended to have anything that could be considered a garden he was utilised as assistant goatherd, in which capacity, I understand, he gave every satisfaction. When the Bishop heard that I had sent away the cook on a special and unnecessary holiday he saw the inwardness of the maneuver, and from that moment we were scarcely on speaking terms. If you have ever had a Bishop with whom you were not on speaking terms staying in your house, you will appreciate the situation. " Annabel confessed that her life story had never included such a disturbing experience. All of the following adjectives describe Annabel's impression of the landscape EXCEPT ______. A languid B repressive C enchanting D boring 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问以下哪个词不能用来形容Annabel对窗外风景的印象。第1段首句Annabel说：“The landscape seen from our windows is certainly charming”，这里的“charming”C项“enchanting”同义，都表示“迷人的”，故C排除；第2句中的“something dreadfully sleepy and languorous about it”与A项“languorous”同义，都有“无精打采，倦怠的”之意，故A排除。D项“boring”与第2句中的“stagnation”和末句提到的“monotony of existence”同义，都带有“单调、乏味”的意思，故D排除。B项“压抑的”没有提 及，故B为答案。 第17题 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Matilda? A She enjoys the peace of the place where she is. B The visit of a Bishop left a deep impression on her. C Her life story is quite different from Annabel' s. D She is on good terms with a lot of Bishops. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列关于Matilda的说法哪个是不正确的。第4段首句Annabel说：“I was quite prepared for half a dozen Bishops(我随时可以接待六个主教)”，但这里并没有提到她和主教的关系如何，D项说她和主教关系很好，显然是过度推断，故D为答案。 第18题 Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A Many people tend to practice witchcraft. B Matilda's husband knows the visiting Bishop. C Matilda's husband may be one of the priesthood. D Matilda doesn't believe that there are were-tigers. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列哪项可从文章中推断出。第5段提到：“My husband was fifty miles up-country, talking sense, or what he imagined to be sense, to a village community that fancied one of their leading men was a were-tiger(我丈夫去了离家五十英里一个村庄，那里的人们认为他们的一个领袖是个人虎兽，因此我丈夫去给他们说理)”，由此可以推断出她的丈夫可能是个神职人员。 第19题 The phrase "rake up" in Line 2 of Paragraph 7 probably refers to ______. A bring to light B keep away from C avoid D keep dark 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列哪个选项与第7段中“rake up”的含义最接近。第7段第2句提到了Matilda对主教的态度：“Well, of course he was my guest, so I had to be outwardly polite to him, but he was tactless enough to rake up the incidents of the old quarrel, and to try to make out that there was something to be said for the way his side of the family had behaved...(因为他是我的客人，表面上我不得不装作有礼貌，但是他一点儿也不识趣，不考虑他人感受而rake up当年的争吵，还试图为他们家族的行为开脱。)”。由此可见，“rake up”大概是旧事重提的意思，A项“揭露，发现”意思最接近，故答案为A。 第20题 What do we know about the emergency cook from the passage? A His parents lived ninety miles away. B He did well in tending Matilda's livestock. C He had planned to work as a cook in Matilda's. D He cooked a dish with curries for the Bishop. 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问下列关于临时厨子的说法哪项是正确的。第7段第5句说：“he originally came to us in the guise of a gardener, but as we never pretended to have anything that could be considered a garden he was utilised as assistant goatherd, in which capacity, I understand，he gave every satisfaction(临时厨子本来是应聘园艺工一职，但我们家没有花园，因此就让他照看山羊，他的表现很让人满意)”。B符合此意，故为答案。 三、Listening Comprehension ( Interview )（共5小题,共5.0分）the next questions are based on an interview with an architect. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview. 第1题   What was Chinese paper made from in ancient times? A Hardwood. B Softwood. C Roots of plants. D Hair-like parts of certain plants. 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-5 W: Hi, there. How are you going with your tutorial next week? M: Oh, good. I've decided to talk about paper and its use. W: Fascinating. I'm sure. M: Yes, I think it's an interesting topic. Do you know how much paper you use every year? W: Well, I've never thought about that. I can't answer your question. I suppose you can tell me something about it. M: OK. It'd be a good practice for my tutorial next week. W: How much paper does one person use every year? M: In 1900, the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person in a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person in a year. W: This shows how far advanced the country is. M: You're right. Countries like the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany and Sweden certainly use more paper than other countries. W: I'm very interested in the history of paper. Are you going to talk about it next week? M: Yes, of course. W: Where was paper first made? M: In China. The Chinese first made paper about 2,000 years ago. China still has pieces of paper which were made as long as that. But Chinese paper was not made from the wood of trees. It was made from the hair- like parts of certain plants (1). In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on papyrus, a kind of paper made from the pith or the stems of tall aquatic cyperaceous plants (2). Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. W: What was parchment? M: Parchment was made from the skin of certain young animals. They were very strong. We have learnt some of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. W: Oh, I see. How about paper in Europe? M: Well, paper was not made in southern Europe until about the year 1100. Scandinavia which now makes a great deal of the world's paper, but didn't begin to make it until 1500. It was a German named Schaeffer who found out that the best paper could be made from trees. After that, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the United States became the most important in paper making. They are forest countries. Today Finland makes the best paper in the world and the paper industry of the country is the biggest in the world (3). New paper-making machines are very big, and they make paper very fast. The biggest machines can make a piece of paper 300 meters long and six meters wide in one minute. W: Oh my goodness. That's amusing. M: What are the uses of paper? W: Paper is used for newspapers, books, writing paper, envelopes, wrapping paper, paper bags. M: Yes. Only half of the paper that is made is used for books and newspapers. Have you got an idea about other uses of paper? W: No, I'm afraid not. M: There are many other uses. Paper is very good for keeping you warm. Houses are often insulated with paper. You have perhaps seen homeless people asleep on a large number of newspapers. W: Yes, I have. So they are insulating themselves against the cold. M: You are right. In Finland, it is very cold in winter. It is sometimes 40 degrees below zero Centigrade. The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer (4). W: Oh, that' s unbelievable. M: Now more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper plates, cups and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. With paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. When you have used them once, you throw them away and buy new ones. You know the latest in paper seems to be paper houses. These are not small houses for children to play in, but real, big houses for people to live in. You can put one up yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about five years. W: Fascinating! M: People have made paper boats, but they have not yet made paper planes or cars (5). Just Wait, they probably will. W: Well, I'm sure your tutorial will go really well. 题目问中国古代造纸的原料。文中提到：“It was made from the hair-like parts of certain plants”，因此选项D的表述与此相符。 第2题 In ancient Egypt, paper was made from the ______ of tall aquatic plants. A roots B stems C leaves D flowers 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问在古代埃及，人们是用高大水生植物的哪部分来造纸的。文中谈到：“The Egyptians wrote on papyrus，a kind of paper made from the pith or the stems of tall aquatic cyperaceous plants"。可知在古代，埃及人是用树脂和树干造纸的。所以正确答案为选项B。 第3题 Today, which country has the biggest paper industry in the world? A Canada. B Norway. C Finland. D the United States. 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问如今哪个国家拥有最大的造纸工业。根据“Today Finland makes the best paper in the world and the paper industry of the country is the biggest in the world”，可知是芬兰，所以正确答案为选项C。 第4题 Some people wear paper clothes and shoes because they are ______. A cheap B fashionable C recyclable D cold-proof 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问有些人穿着纸制服装和鞋子的原因。文中提到：“The farmers wear paper boots in the snow. Nothing could be warmer”，由此可推断出原因是纸有很好的保暖效果。这与选项D中的表述吻合。 第5题 Which of the following cannot be made in paper for the present time? A Cars. B Houses. C Raincoats. D Boats. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 题目问四个选项中，哪一项如今还不能用纸制成。根据“but they have not yet made paper planes or cars”，可知目前还没有纸制成的飞机和汽车，而B、C、D三项文中都提到过，因此，正确答案为选项A。 none、四（共Listening Comprehension ( Mini-Lecture )小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 The American Family We' ll learn the American families from the following five aspects: Ⅰ. Family structures — immediate family—consisting of parents and children — (1) family—consisting of parents, children, uncles, cousins, .grandparents, ete;. Ⅱ. The emphasis on individual freedom — The primary purpose of a family is to (2) the happiness of individual members. — Family name and honor are (3) important. Ⅲ. The role of the child Emphasis on the individual may affect children in two ways: — Children may get more attention and more power; — Children may not get enough attention due to the fact that both parents are (4) Ⅳ. (5) in the family ⊦. Family values — clearly traditional values — respecting one' s (6) — being (7) for one's actions; — having faith in God; — respecting authority; — married to (8) for life; — leaving the world in better shape. — newer values — giving (9) to other members of the family; — respecting people for themselves; — developing greater skill in communicating one's feelings; — respecting one's children; — living up to one's (10) as an individual. 【正确答案】： 答案:extended [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 [听力原文] 1-10 The American Family In today's lecture, I'll talk about the American families from the following five aspects: family structures, the emphasis on individual freedoms, the role of the child, equality in the family, and family values. First, family structures. What is the typical American family like? If Americans are asked to name the members of their families, family structure becomes clear. Married American adults will name their husband or wife and their children, if they have any, as their "immediate family". If they mention their father, mother, sisters, or brothers, they will define them as separate units, usually living in separate households. Aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents are considered "extended family. (1)" Traditionally, the American family has been a nuclear family, consisting of a husband, wife and their children, and living in a house or apartment. Grandparents rarely live in the same home with their married sons or daughters, and uncles and aunts almost never do. Second, the emphasis on individual freedom. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members (2). The result is that the needs of each individual take priority in the life of the family. In contrast to that of many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically, nor is it to bring honor to the family name. This is partly because the United States is not an aristocratic society. Family name and honor are less important than in aristocratic societies (3), since equality of opportunity regardless of birth is considered a basic American value. Moreover, there is less emphasis on the family as an economic unit because the American family is rarely self-supporting. Relatively few families maintain self-supporting family farms or businesses for more than one generation. A farmer's son, for example, is very likely to go on to a college, leaving the family farm, and taking an entirely different job in a different location. The American desire for freedom from outside control clearly extends to the family. Americans do not like to have controls placed on them by other family members. They want to make independent decisions and not be told what to do by grandparents or uncles or aunts. For example, both American men and women expect to decide what job is best for them as individuals. Indeed, young Americans are encouraged by their families to make such independent career decisions. What would be best for the family is not considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. Third, the role of the child. The American emphasis on the individual, rather than the group, affects children in a contradictory way. On the one hand, it may cause them to get more attention and even have more power than they should. On the other hand, because most children have mothers who are working outside the home, they may not get enough attention from either parent (4). Worse yet, parents who feel guilty for not having enough time with their children may give them more material things to compensate for the lack of attention. Studies show that both parents are now spending less time with their children, due to work habits and a busy lifestyle. In general, American families tend to place more emphasis on the needs and desires of the child and less on the child's social and family responsibilities. In the years after World War II, so much stress had been placed on the psychological needs of children that the number of experts in this field has increased enormously. Some Americans believe that the emphasis on the psychological needs of the individual child have been carried too far by parents and experts alike. Although Americans may not agree on how best to nurture and discipline their children, they still hold the basic belief that the major purpose of the family is the development and welfare of each of its members as individuals. The next point I'd like to talk about is equality in the family (5). Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality has had a strong effect on the family. There is much more social equality between parents and children than in most aristocratic societies or societies ruled by centuries of tradition. This can be witnessed in arguments between parents and their children, and in the considerable independence granted to teenagers. Children are given a lot of freedom and equality in the family so that they will grow up to be independent, self-reliant adults. Last, the family values. Daniel Yankelovich, based on a survey, reports that there are 11 points that a majority of Americans agree on "family values". He classifies six of them as "clearly traditional". They are respecting one's parents (6), being responsible for one's actions (7), having faith in God, respecting authority, married to the same person for life (8), and leaving the world in better shape. The other five are "a blend of traditional and newer, more expressive values". They are giving emotional support to other members of the family (9), respecting people for themselves, developing greater skills in communicating one's feelings, respecting one's children, and living up to one's potential as an individual (10). The ideal of the American family is group cooperation to help achieve the fulfillment of each individual member, and shared affection to renew each member's emotional strength. Families can be viewed as similar to churches in this regard. Both are seen by Americans as places where the human spirit can find refuge from the highly competitive world outside and renewed resources to continue the effort. By this, we are now coming to the end of today's lecture. Thank you for your attention. 在谈到美国家庭结构时，与immediate family相对的是extended family。从原文中的“Aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents are considered 'extended family'”，可知空格中填extended。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:advance/promote [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 原文提到“primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members”，即美国家庭的主要目的是提升每个家庭成员的幸福感。因此空格中应填advance或promote。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:less [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 美国社会不是一个贵族社会，因此家庭的主要责任不是提高家族的经济或社会地位，原文提到“Family name and honor are less important than in aristocratic societies”，家族的名声和荣誉并不像在贵族社会看得那么重要，由此可知空格处应填less。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:working outside [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 孩子在强调个体的美国家庭中，一方面得到了更多的关注，但另一方面，由于母亲也在外上班，孩子又得不到应有的关心。文中提到：“because most children have mothers who are working outside the home, they may not get enough attention from either parent”。因此空格中应填working outside。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:Equality [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 根据原文中的“The next point I'd like to talk about is equality in the family”可判断出下一个要点是家庭中的平等。由于空格出现在提纲的要点处，因此，首字母需大写，故第五题应填Equality。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:parents [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 在谈到美国家庭典型的传统价值观时，短文中首先提到尊重父母，因此空格中应该填parents。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:responsible [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 短文中其次提到“being responsible for one's actions”，即对自己的行为承担责任，可知空格中应填responsible。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:the same person [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 根据“married to the same person for life”，对婚姻的执着也是美国传统家庭价值观的重要内容，因此空格处应填the same person。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:emotional support [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 在谈到非典型传统的家庭价值观时，文中首先提及对其他家庭成员的情感支持，根据 “They are giving emotional support to other members of the family”，空格处需填emotional support。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:potential [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 文中也清楚地提到了另一个家庭价值观：“living up to one}s potential as an individual"，因此需填potential。 none、五（共Proofreading and Error Correction小题,10共分）10.0 第1题 As suburbs grew, business moved into the new areas. Large shopping centers containing a great kind of stores changed consumer (1) ______ patterns. The number of these centers rose from eight in the (2) ______ end of World Warn to 3,840 in 1960. With easy parking and convenience evening hours, customers could avoid city shopping (3) ______ entirely. New highways created a better access to the suburbs and (4) ______ its shops. The Highway Act of 1956 provided $ 26,000 million, the largest public work expenditure in US history; to build (5) ______ more than 64,000 kilometers of federal roads to link together all parts of the country. Television, in addition, had a powerful impact in social (6) ______ and economic patterns. Developing in the 1930s, it was not widely (7) ______ marketed until after the war. In 1946 the country had about (8) ______ fewer than 17,000 TV sets. Three years later, consumers were buying 250,000 sets a month, and by 1960 three-quarters of all families owned at least one set. In middle of the decade, the (9) ______ average family watched television four to five hours a day. Americans of all ages grew exposed to increasingly sophisticated (10) ______ advertisements for products said to be necessary for the good life. 【正确答案】： 答案:kind→variety [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 词汇误用。kind与variety虽为近义词，却有区别。a great variety of是固定词组，意思为：多种多样，种类繁多，等同于kinds of。 第2题 【正确答案】： 答案:in→at [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 介词误用。此题涉及到end的介词搭配，in the end的意思为：最后，最终，一般放于句首；at the end of的意思为：在……的末尾，在…～的终点，在……的末端。二战结束的时候，应该表达为：at the end of World WarⅡ。 第3题 【正确答案】： 答案:convenience→convenient [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 词性错误。根据下文的evening hours，前面应是形容词作为其修饰，convenient才是形容词，convenient与前文的easy形成并列。 第4题 【正确答案】： 答案:a [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 冠词误用。名词access的意思为：进入，入口，通入，have /gain/get/obtain access to sth.为其常见搭配，意思为：得以接近，得以会见，得以进入，得以使用，access前不需要冠词。 第5题 【正确答案】： 答案:work→works [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 名词单复数。public works的意思是：公共建设工程；public work的意思是：公共工作。works有“著作、工程”等意思。 第6题 【正确答案】： 答案:in→on [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 介词误用。have an impact on sth的意思为：对……有影响，类似的词组有：have/exert an influence on sth.。 第7题 【正确答案】： 答案:developing→developed [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 语法错误。根据下文“it was not widely marketed until after the war”，这里的it指代television。相应地，develop应与television搭配，动词须选用被动形式developed，表示被研发出来。 第8题 【正确答案】： 答案:about [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 介词误用。下文明确指出“fewer than 17,000 TV sets”，是个确切数，无需about这一不确定数，介词多余。 第9题 【正确答案】： 答案:in→in the [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 冠词缺失。in the middle of的意思为：在……中，在……之间，固定说法。in the middle还有这样的意思：夹在中间，左右为难，处于两面夹攻之中。 第10题 【正确答案】： 答案:grew→became [本题分数]： 1.0 分 【答案解析】 动词误用。become/be exposed to的意思为：暴露于，招致。grow后加形容词表示某种变化，如：grow old。 六、Chinese to English （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题 中国古代哲学家一再强调天人合一乃是最高的美德。一些人倡导中庸之道；另一些人则倡导与 世无争。不幸的是，这些闪耀着智慧的思想火花在历史上湮没了两千年。现在到了该将这些言论付 诸行动的时候了。来英国之前，我在报纸上读到，为了防止土壤进一步遭到腐蚀，中国西部地方政 府已经禁止砍伐树木，为先前的伐木工人提供新的工作。读到这里，我心里轻松多了。与此同时， 我还是注意到仍有许多人无视对大自然的破坏。环境问题说到底还是社会问题。只要有人还在以 牺牲大自然为代价追求短期效益，大自然就必将继续受害。对于运用技术手段保护大自然而不是 榨取她，我们应有长期规划。对于大自然母亲和她的所有孩子，我们应当显示更多的关心和爱心。   【正确答案】： 答案: Before I came to Britain, I read in the paper that, to prevent further soil erosion, many local governments in western China have prohibited tree felling and provided new jobs for former lumber workers. I felt relieved when I read this. At the same time, I was concerned that many people would still ignore the destruction of nature. The environment issue is ultimately a social issue. As long as there are people who pursue short-term profits at the expense of nature, nature will continue to suffer. To use technology to preserve nature, not to exploit her, we should have long-term plans. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [名师点津] 1．译者将原文第1句中的“土壤受到腐蚀”巧妙地换译为名词性短语“further soil erosion”，符合英语的语言习惯。“禁止做某事”可以有很多种译法，如ban doing、not allow to do等，译者用了“prohibit doing”，prohibit有法律明令禁止的意思，更符合文章主旨。 2．第2句中的“轻松”译为“relieved”，表示放心的意思，可能会有relaxed的译法，前者比后者更强调心理状态的放松。第3句中的“destruction”是destroy的名词，表示程度较大的破坏，这里如用damage或demolish则达不到那层意思。 3．第4句中的“说到底”是汉语中常见的表达方式，译者将其书面化为“ultimately”，相当于finally，有表示总结的意思。 4．“以……为代价”的固定译法是at the expense of或者at the cost of。关于“受害”，译者选用了“suffer”来突出了大自然所遭受的痛苦和损害，将其拟人化了，而不是按原文的表达将其直接译为to be destroyed。另外，“而不是”译者使用not to do，以表示强调，而不是常规译法instead of。 七、English to Chinese （本大题1小题．每题10.0分，共10.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. ） 第1题 Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. Somewhere along the line they begin to avoid becoming self- responsible. Few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood. A lack of response to dependence needs, poor nutrition, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate physical care, and traumatic events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. Such experiences interrupt, deter, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy and self- actualization. To cope with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to them. 【正确答案】：答案: 尽管成功立业的能力与生俱来，但人们出生之时也是无助的，完完全全依赖于环境而生存。成功者顺利地从完全的无助过渡到自立，接着再过渡到人际间的相互依存。失败者则不然。在这一过程的某一环节上，他们开始不愿对自己负责。 很少有人是彻底的成功者或失败者。大多数人在人生的某些方面是成功者，而在另外一些方面则是失败者。人的成功和失败与童年的经历有关。婴幼儿时期无人照顾，营养不良，受到虐待，不良的人际关系，疾病，接踵而至的挫折，不良的医疗条件造成心灵创痛等事件都可能导致人生的失败。 这些经历中断、延缓或阻碍了走向自立和自我实现的正常进程。在应付负面经历的过程中，小孩子学会了操纵自己和他人。这些操纵性手腕在成年后很难弃绝，常常变成顽固的习性。成功者竭力弃绝这种习性，而失败者则深陷其中，难以自拔。 [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [名师点津] 1．原文第2段的第2句其实是省略句，完整的句子应是：“Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in other areas”，但是我们翻译的时候最好将省略部分译出来——在另外一些(方面)。 2．第2段第3句中的“what happens to them in childhood”译者将其名词化，直接理解为childhood experience，在维持了原文意义的同时还使得译文更加简单明了。 3．第2段第4句是个长句，在翻译的时候应注意理清句子的主干。“……导致人生的失败”，前面都是阐述原因，尽量做到并列，字数或者短语结构一致。 4．第3段第1句中的interrupt, deter和prevent都有“阻碍，破坏”的意思，但在译文的选择上应尽量做到意思递进。 5．“set patterns”原义为“固定模式”，译者结合上下文，将set升华为“顽固”，pattern升华为“习性”。这种意义的适度升华有时候也是必要的，能更明确地表达作者的意思。最后两句中，原文为了避免重复所以用them代替set patterns，译文中应该挑明them是指“习性”。 八、Writing（本大题1小题．每题20.0分，共20.0分。 ） 第1题 Environmental protection is frequently talked about nowadays. The authorities are doing their best to arouse public awareness of the vital importance of environmental protection; and the news media, now and then, expose behaviors which damage the environment to a large extent. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic. Environmental protection In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 【正确答案】：答案: Environmental protection is frequently talked about nowadays. The authorities are doing their best to arouse public awareness of the vital importance of environmental protection; and the news media, now and then, expose behaviors which damage the environment to a large extent. This issue is, indeed, worth following up. Environmental protection is closely related not only to our personal life, but also to the entire human race and the world's further development. For one thing, the environment, in a narrow sense, determines the quality of our individual life. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, etc. , all come directly from the environment. If they continue to be contaminated, we may have neither clean water, nor healthy food. For another thing, in a broader sense, the environment plays a decisive role in the fate of mankind. As is known to all, the earth, up to now, is human being's sole dwelling place. We can expect that someday we will live on another planet, but I doubt that this day will come earlier than the day when the earth becomes a globe of waste, if we keep damaging the environment. Finally, the environment is essential to the further development of the world. Extensive industrialization, which has brought about all the convenience and facilities we enjoy today, has been depending on the comprehensive exploitation of the earth's natural resources found in the environment. If we do not protect the environment properly, further development cannot be guaranteed. In a word, to protect the environment is an urgent task. Nevertheless, environmental protection is indeed a demanding task. Many people are still either unconscious of the urgency of the task or deliberately damaging the environment for the interests of their own. Hence, we should adopt severe punitive measures to prohibit people from doing more harm to the environment. Meanwhile, we need to make the gravity of the present situation known to all. In other words, punishment and instruction should be equally emphasized. Only in this way can we look forward to a cleaner and greener world. [本题分数]： 20.0 分 【答案解析】 [亮点回放] · 用词亮点： (1)第1段：第2句中的authorities的原形是authority，意为“权威，威信”，如果前面加冠词the，则表示“当局机关，执政部门”的意思。arouse指“唤起，鼓励”，这里指唤起公众意识，相当与raise，但是arouse的主动性更强些。vital用来修饰importance，表示very、quite等程度词。follow up指“跟进”，后面一般跟program，plan等。 (2)第2段：第3句中，作者动宾搭配得非常好，如breath the air、drink the water、eat the food。第2句中的in a narrow sense和第四句中的in a broader sense是相呼应的，分别表示“从狭义上”和“广义上”，通常用于议论文的论述部分，使论述更加全面。play a decisive role指“起决定性作用”。 (3)第3段：nevertheless经常用于议论文的总结句中，相当于however、whereas、but等词。deliberate是“故意，蓄意”的意思，相当于on purpose。severe和serious可以通用，表示“严重，严格”的概念。 prohibit后面通常加doing，表示“禁止做某事”，语气较重。make the gravity of表示emphasize或者pay more attention to的意思。 · 句式亮点： (1)第1段：do one's best to do sth指“尽力做某事”，另外一种说法是try one's best to do。最后一句的indeed是插入语，修饰this issue。 (2)第2段：第1句使用了not only…but also.(不仅……而且……)，表示意思的递进，是议论文的常用句型。第2句的for one thing、for another thing是将事实一分为二来讲，相当于in one hand、in the other hand(-方面，另一方面)，使陈述的事实更加客观，有说服力。第4句使用了一个if假设句“if...，we may…”，有利于提前告知事件的后果及严重性。As is known to all后面一般跟众所周知的事实。 (3)第3段：这一段中主要是以号召性的、总结性的句型为主，因此我们可以多用一些连接词，如nevertheless、hence、meanwhile、in other words等，第一句是表示转折含义。第三句与上文呈因果关系。第4句是上文意思的递进。第5句是表示补充说明。最后一句是个倒装句，only in this way后面半倒装(情态动词提前)。 · 篇章亮点： (1)文章严格遵守了议论文的文体规范，先提出观点再陈述事实支持观点，最后总结，全文亮点不断。 (2)第1段：首先用be frequently talked来点明所讨论的主题，通过分析现当今情况，引出作者对此事的态度。 (3)第2段：作者用了大量的关联词语(如“not only.…，but also.…”、“for one thing”、“for another thing”、“as is known to all”、“finally”、“in a word”)来组织自己的观点，逻辑性和说服力都很强。 (4)第3段：总结段，作者同样用了一些表示承接意义的词来重申自己的观点，并在文章最后用倒装句来提出解决方法，令人印象深刻。 九、General Knowledge（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。 There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. ） 第1题 The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by ______. A. King Harold B. William the Conqueror C. Robin Hood D. Olive Cromwell 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国的人文景观。伦敦塔(The Tower of London)位于泰晤士河北岸，伦敦塔桥附近，其官方名称是“女王陛下的宫殿与城堡，伦敦塔”。1078年，征服者威廉(William the Conqueror)命令建造此塔以保卫诺曼人免受敌人的袭击，并保卫伦敦免受其他人的攻击。这座塔是保卫全城的城堡；是举行会议、签订协约的王宫；是关押最危险的敌人的国家监狱；是当时全英国唯一的造币场所；是储藏武器的军械库；是珍藏王室饰品和珠宝的宝库，也是保存国王在威斯敏斯特法庭大量记录的档案馆。 第2题 New Zealand is just west of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get ______. A. frozen B. wet C. the new day D. united 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查新西兰地理知识。地球自西向东旋转，黎明、正午、黄昏和子夜由东向西依次周而复始地在世界各地循环出现。为了避免日期上的混乱，1884年国际经度会议规定了一条国际日期变更线(International Date Line)。这条变更线位于太平洋中的180度经线上，作为地球上今天和昨天的分界线，因此称为“国际日期变更线”(现已改称为国际日界线)。按照规定，凡越过这条变更线，日期都要发生变化：从东向西越过这条界线时，日期要加一天，从西向东越过这条界线时，日期要减去一天。新西兰位于日界线西边，因此是第一个迎接崭新一天的国家。 第3题 The basic difference between vowels and consonants is ______. A. the shape of lips B. the vibration of the vocal folds C. whether the sound's production is accompanied by a puff of breath D. whether the air stream meets with any obstruction 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学。元音(vowel)是发音时从肺部呼出的气流通过共鸣起作用、阻力极小并无摩擦声音的语音。从语音学的观点看，元音按舌面和双唇的部位分类，但有时也按空气是否自由通过鼻腔来分类。辅音( consonant)是一个和元音相对的概念。气流在口腔或咽头受到阻碍而形成的音叫辅音，辅音一般分为清辅音和浊辅音，还可以按发音部位和发音方法进行分类。元音与辅音最大的区别就是发音时气流是否受阻。 第4题 Which sport is supposed to be America's national sport and used to be call "American's favorable pastime"? A. Baseball. B. Basketball. C. Rugby. D. Cricket. 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国体育。棒球(Baseball是一种以棒击小球为主要特点的一项集体性球类运动，在世界上影响较大，被誉为“竞技与智慧的结合”；在美国和日本尤为盛行，被称为“国球”。棒球起源有两种说法，一种认为它起源于英国，由英国的一种儿童游戏演变而成，继而被英国移民传入美国，逐渐成为美国的国球；另一种认为它起源于美国。橄榄球(rugby)起源于英国，盛行于英、美、澳、日等国家。板球(cricket)起源于英国，盛行于英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、孟加拉、尼泊尔等国家。 第5题 ______ is the first American professional writer and the first writer of detective story in the world. A. Ezra Pound B. Washington Irving C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Edgar Ellen Poe 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国文学。埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Ellen Poe)是19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，被誉为侦探小说鼻祖、科幻小说先驱之一、恐怖小说大师、短篇小说巅峰、象征主义先驱之一和唯美主义者。其作品风格独特，语言和形式精致优美，内容多样。爱伦·坡的推理小说代表作有：《金色甲壳虫》、《摩格街杀人案》、《玛丽·罗热之谜》和《被盗的信》，都对后世影响深远。 第6题 Rip Van Winkle is written by ______. A. Washington Irving B. Henry David Thoreau C. Ralph Waldo Emerson D. James Fenimore Cooper 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查美国文学。华盛顿·欧文是19世纪美国最著名的作家，是美国文学奠基人之一，被尊为“美国文学之父”。欧文的第一部重要作品是《纽约外史》。1820年，欧文的《见闻札记》出版并引起欧洲和美国文学界的高度重视，这部作品奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位。之后，他又创作了多部作品，如：《阿尔罕伯拉》、《攻克格拉纳达》、《哥伦布传》等等。《瑞普·凡·温克尔》(Rip Van Winkle)也是欧文的重要 作品之一。他的文笔优雅自然，清薪精致，时常流露出温和的幽默。 第7题 Pip is the character of Charles Dickens' novel ______. A. Oliver Twist B. David Copper field C. A Tale of Two Cities D. Great Expectations 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查英国文学。狄更斯是英国维多利亚时期的著名小说家。他的创作以非凡的艺术概括力展现了19世纪英国社会的广阔画卷，塑造了为数众多的社会各阶层特别是下层人民的典型形象，具有巨大的价值。狄更斯连续出版了多部广受欢迎的小说，包括《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《尼古拉斯·尼克贝》(Nicholas Nickleby)、《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity Shop)等。1849年，他出版了自传题材的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copper field)，这部小说的内容与狄更斯的个人经历联系紧密。《远大前程》(Great Expectations)是狄更斯最成熟的代表作品之一，讲述一个小孤儿皮普(Pip)，从小依靠姐姐与姐夫过活，却在无意中帮助了一位逃犯，后来受到其资助，使他能在上流社会求学生活，成为一名绅士。 第8题 -receive in perceive and conceive is ______. A. a prefix B. an infix C. a suffix D. a bound morpheme 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学。语素(morpheme)是最小的音义结合的语言单位，词根语素加上词缀语素构成一个新词。语素分为自由语素( free morpheme)和黏着语素(bound morpheme)。自由语素可以独立存在，自身有意义；黏着语素无法独立存在，必须和其他语素结合在一起，如-receive这一黏着语素，无法单独存在，必须与其他语索结合。后缀( suffix)是一种重要的构词法，通过后缀我们常常可以判断出一个词的词性，常见名词后缀如：-ment、-ship、-hood、-er等。 第9题 ______ can be defined as the study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the interlocutors. A. Semantics B. Pragmatics C. Applied linguistics D. Sociolinguistics 【正确答案】：B 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查语言学。语用学(pragmatics)的概念由美国哲学家C．W.莫里斯和R．卡尔纳普在20世纪30年代前后提出。语用学主要研究的是语言功能，即在一定的上下文里语言的使用，包括语言所产生的字面意义和蕴涵意义，以及可能产生的效果。语义学( semantics)研究词汇的意义和结构。应用语言学(applied linguistics)是研究语言在各个领域中实际应用的语言学分支。社会语言学(sociolinguistics)研究语言与社会之间的关系，它从不同的社会科学角度去考察语言，进而研究在不同社会条件下产生的语言变异。 第10题 Australia is the largest exporter of ______. A. wheat B. meat C. daily products D. wool 【正确答案】：D 【本题分数】：1.0分 【答案解析】 本题考查澳大利亚农牧业。澳大利亚是世界土地面积第六大国家，也是大洋洲最大的国家。澳大利亚有多种自然景观，其中包括迷人的热带雨林，被称为“红色中央”的干燥贫瘠的沙漠、白雪皑皑的山峰、绵羊遍野的牧场以及引人入胜的海滨，还有驰名遐迩的天然遗产大堡礁。澳大利亚农牧业发达，素有“骑在羊背上的国家”之称，是世界最大的羊毛和牛肉出口国。渔业资源也十分丰富，是世界第三大捕鱼区，最主要的水产品有对虾、龙虾、鲍鱼、金枪鱼、扇贝、牡蛎等。 跟多试卷请访问《做题室》www.zuotishi.com