人教版高中英语选修十 Unit 3 Fairness for all-词汇篇（教师版）

人教版高中英语选修十Unit3Fairnessforall-词汇篇〔教师版〕第PAGE页Unit3Fairnessforall-词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握常考词汇的运用；2.掌握句型的运用；一.单词扫描1.DrKingencouragesustofightagainstthisunfairsystemwhichprohibitsusblacksfromsittingwherewelike.金博士鼓励我们同这个禁止我们黑人随意就坐的不公平的作斗争。▲prohibitvt.禁止搭配：prohibitsb.from...禁止某人做……prohibitsth.禁止做……如：ThegovernmentintroducedalawtoprohibittobaccocommercialsonTV.政府采用新法律来禁止电视上播放烟草广告。Ifearthatapriorengagementwillprohibitmefromjoiningyouindinner.有约在先，我恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。2.TheotherthreesubmittedbutRosawasunwillingtodosoandshewasarrested.另外三个屈服了，而罗莎不愿意这样做，她拒绝站起来，于是她被捕了。搭配：submitoneselftosth./sb.顺从，屈服submitsth.tosb.提交，呈递如：Nooneneedstosubmittocircumstances.我们不必屈从环境。Weshouldsubmitourplanstothecouncilforapproval.我们应该向理事会提交以求批准。Soldiersmustsubmittoorders.士兵应该服从命令。3.They’rehopefulthattheycannegotiateafairersituationifalltheblackssupportthem.他们满怀信心，如果全体黑人都支持他们，他们可以通过谈判而赢得一个较为公平的局面。▲negotiatev.商议,谈判,交涉派生：negotiationn.商议,谈判,交涉如：We’vedecidedtonegotiatewiththeemployersaboutourwageclaim.我们决定就工资问题与雇主谈判。Wearesatisfiedwiththesmoothnessofthenegotiation.我们对谈判的顺利进行很满意。4.Thewhites,ontheotherhand,shoutedabuseatus.而另一方面，白人们大声咒骂我们。句中abuse是动词〔词性〕，意思是咒骂。如：Thegovernmenthassetupaworkingpartytolookintotheproblemofdrugabuse.名词；“滥用〞。Don’tabuseyourfriends.动词；“辱骂〞。It’seasytoabuseone’spower.动词；“滥用〞。Abuseofanimalsisunusualbehavior.名词；“虐待〞。二.句式突破1.Itisregardedasanoffenceifwesitatthefrontofabusandifwebreakthislaw,wereceiveaheavypunishment.如果我们坐在公交车前面的座位上，就会被认为是违规了，如果我们不遵守这项法律，我们会遭到严惩。句型：Itisregardedas/that...人们认为……1〕很多人认为上升的犯罪率与经济不景气有关。Itisregardedthatthereisrelationbetweentherisingcrimerateandtheeconomicrecession.2〕英国内战通常被看作是现代世界史的开端。TheBritishCivilWarisgenerallyregardedasthebeginningofmodernworldhistory.2.Todaywewenttochurchwhereourminister,MartinLutherKing,Jr,announcedthataboycottofthebusesandtrolleybuseswillbegintomorrow.今天我们去教堂做礼拜，我们的牧师马丁·路德·金宣布：从明天开始抵抗公交车和无轨电车。1〕该句的主干为：wewenttochurch。where引导一个定语从句：whereourminister,MartinLutherKing,Jr,announcedthataboycottof...tomorrow，修饰先行词church。在该从句中，MartinLutherKing,Jr作ourminister的同位语，that引导一个宾语从句：thataboycottofthebusesandtrolleybuseswillbegintomorrow。2〕boycott①vt．联合抵抗e.g.Weboycottallproductstestedonanimals.我们抵抗用动物做产品实验。②n.抵抗boycottof/on/against抵抗calledforaboycott号召抵抗organizeaboycott组织抵抗e.g.Thegroupisurginganationwideboycottoftoysmanufacturedwithchildlabor.这个组织呼吁联合抵抗雇佣童工生产的玩具。Hecalledforaboycottoftheelections.他呼吁联合抵抗选举活动。3.Itisregardedasanoffenceifwesitatthefrontofabusandifwebreakthislaw,wereceiveaheavypunishment.如果我们坐在公交车前面的座位上，就会被认为是违规了，如果我们不遵守这项法律，我们会遭到严惩。1〕front作名词，意为“前面，前部〞。表示“某空间内部的前部〞时，front前要加定冠词the；表示“某空间外部的前面〞时，front前不用冠词。2〕offense<美>=offencen.(动词形式：offend)冒犯；违法行为e.g.Thepossessionofstolenpropertyisacriminaloffence.占有偷盗赃物是一种犯罪行为。Punishmentforafirstoffenceisafine.初犯的惩罚是罚款。Hissolicitorsaidhecommittedtheoffencebecausehewasheavilyindebt.他的律师宣称他负债太多已构成犯罪。Thebillmakesitanoffencetocarryaknife.法令视携带刀具为犯规行为。4.Meanwhilethehostilityofthewhitesgrew.然而，白人们的敌意也在不断上升！1〕meanwhile意为“与此同时〞，可用作副词和名词〔inthemeanwhile〕，表示在某动作或情况发生或存在期间将可能发生另一件事。2〕hostilityn.敌意；恶意hostilitytowards/between敌意，恶意，不友善e.g.hostilitytowardsforeigners.对外国人不友善。5.DrKingencouragesustofightagainstthisunfairsystemwhichprohibitsusblacksfromsittingwherewelike.金博士鼓励我们同这个禁止我们黑人随意就坐的不公平的制度作斗争。[观察]阅读以下各句，并试着总结prohibit在句中的含义及用法。1)Smokingisstrictlyprohibitedinsidethefactory.2)Atthattime,therewerelawsthatprohibitedblacksfromowningproperty.3)Thehighcostprohibitsthewidespreaduseofthedrug.4)Hispooreyesightprohibitedhimfrombecomingapilot.[归纳]prohibit作及物动词，其含义及用法有：①禁止某事物或禁止某人做某事〔尤指以法令﹑规章或条例的形式〕。如句1和句2；②使〔某事物〕成为不可能，阻止。如句3和句4。常用结构为：prohibitsth./sb.(fromdoingsth.)，意为“禁止，阻止某事/某人做某事〞。[联想]prevent/stop/keep...fromdoing...阻止……做……如：Hethrewhimselfinfrontofthedoorandprohibited/prevented/stopped/keptusfromleaving.6.TheotherthreesubmittedbutRosawasunwillingtodosoandsherefused.其他三个人乖乖起来让座，但是罗萨不愿意那样做，她不起来。submitvi.&vt.(submitted/submitting)①顺从；服从e.g.Iwillsubmittonobody.我不会顺从任何人。②提交，呈送e.g.AllapplicationsmustbesubmittedbyMonday.所有的申请周一前必须提交。③主张，建议submit+(that)从句e.g.Isubmitthatthejuryhasbeeninfluencedbythepublicityinthiscase.我成认陪审团在这个案件中已经受公众影响。7.Iliketobepunctualforworkandnoboycottisgoingtomakemelate.我向来喜欢准时上班，所以不会让抵抗活动影响我迟到。1〕punctualadj.守时的；准时的同义：ontimepunctually–副词punctuality–名词e.g.apunctualstartat9o’clock九点整开始2〕bepunctualforsth.守时e.g.She’salwaysverypunctualforappointments.她总是很准时赴约。8.Thoseinthecarswavedandwesalutedthemback.车上的人向我们挥手，我们向他们致意。salutevt.&vi.salutation–名词①欢送，致敬tosalutetheflag/anofficer向旗帜/长官敬礼e.g.ThetwosoldierssalutedLieutenantCecil.那两个士兵向塞西尔中尉致敬。Themenjumpedtotheirfeetandsaluted.他们跳起来敬礼。②vt.向…致意；赞扬，赞颂e.g.JamesJoycewassalutedasthegreatestwriterofthe20thcentury.詹姆斯·乔伊斯被赞颂为20世纪最伟大作家。③vi.致意，打招呼；行礼e.g.Theyallraisedtheirglassesinsalute.他们都举杯致意。④n.致敬，欢送；敬礼；举枪，举刀〔礼)e.g.HisfirstwordswereasalutetothepeopleofSouthAfrica.他的第一句话是向南非人民致敬。9.Incourtwewonafundamentalvictoryinthebattleforourcivilrights.法庭上我们赢了这场为了人权的斗争中的根本胜利。fundamentaladj.根底的，根本的fundamentalsn.根本知识，根本原理e.g.Wehavetotacklethefundamentalcauseoftheproblem.我们必须抓住这个问题最根本的原因。10.ItwasnotuntilNovember13,1956thattheUSSupremeCourtdeclaredseparationonbuseswasnotconstitutional.直到1956年11月13日，美国最高法院才宣布公共汽车上把黑人和白人分开是不合宪法的。1)constitutional宪法的;构成的constitutionally–副词constitution–名词constitute–动词反义词：unconstitutional违反宪法的2)supremeadj.最高的,〔程度〕很大的，最大的e.g.Heenjoyssupremepowerinthiscountry.他在这个国家享有至高无上的权力。Itrequiredasupremeefforttostayawake.要用最大的努力保持清醒。11.Wemayonlyhavestruckonesmallblowforlibertybutwhoknowswhereit’lllead?我们可能只是为了自己进行了一个小抗争，但是谁会知道这次小的抗争将来会怎么样？1)libertyn.自由，随意.individual/personalliberty个人自由religious/political/economicliberty宗教，政治，经济自由2)takethelibertyofdoingsth.擅自或冒昧地去做某事e.g.Itookthelibertyofcancelingyourreservation.我随意取消预约。3)beatlibertytodosomething表示一个人可以自由地、随意地、不受约束地做某事e.g.Iamnotatlibertytodiscussthesematters.我没空讨论这些事情。12.Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.〞我有一个梦想，那就是有一天这个国家会站起，并实现真信条的真谛：“我们认为‘人人生而平等’这个真理是不言而喻的。〞1)liveout活过，实践e.g.Themoneyenabledthemtoliveouttheirdreams.这笔钱能使他们实现梦想。2)self-evident不证自明的；不言而喻的。e.g.It’sself-evidentshewon’tpass,sowhyaretheyenteringherfortheexam?明摆着她不会及格，为什么他们还要为她报名参加考试呢？13.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletotransformtheunpleasantsoundsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.带着这个信念，我们就能把我们国家中令人不快的声音转变成为洋溢着手足之情的优美交响乐。transform…into把……变为…….Themagiciantransformedthemanintoarabbit.魔术师把一个人变成了一只兔子。1.Ifwesitnear____frontofthebus,we’llhave____betterview.A.不填;theB.不填;aC.the;aD.the;the解析：题意为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有一个更好的视野。〞表示“某空间内部的前部〞时，front前要加定冠词the;haveagoodview是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好〞之意。答案：C2.Theincomesofskilledworkerswentup._______,unskilledworkerssawtheirearningsfall.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.Otherwise解析：题意为“熟练工人的收入在增加，与此同时，不熟练工人的收入在下降。〞meanwhile符合题意。moreover而且，再者，此外；therefore因此，所以；otherwise否那么，要不然。答案：C3.Ifweleaverightaway,_________we’llarriveontime.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.hopefullyB.curiouslyC.occasionallyD.gradually解析：句意：如果马上动身，我们会有希望按时到达。考查副词的辨析。hopefully可置于句首，用来修饰整个句子，意为：有望。curiously好奇地；occasionally偶然地；gradually逐渐地。选A项。答案：A4.Inthatschool,Englishiscompulsoryforallstudents,butFrenchandRussianare_______.A.specialB.regionalC.optionalD.original解析：句意“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修课〞。special特别的，特意的；regional地区的，地方的；optional可选择的；original原始的，最初的。由but推断出句意。答案：C5.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain________shewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who解析：句意“那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈〞。A引导的地点状语从句。答案：A根底演练Ⅰ.单词识记1.contributev.捐献；奉献(1)___________n.捐款；捐资；奉献(2)__________n.捐助人，作出奉献者2.civil3.encouragev.鼓励(1)________________adj.被鼓励的(2)________________adj.给人鼓励的(3)________________adv.给人鼓励地(4)_________________n.鼓励；鼓舞4.offence5.hope6.negotiate7.punctualadj.准时的；守时的(1)___________adv.准时地；守时地(2)___________n.准时；守时8.coincidence9.fitvi.适合；合身；安装adj.健康的；适合的(1)___________n.健康(2)___________adj.合身的；订做的(3)___________n.装配工；修理工(4)___________adj.适合的；恰当的10.developv.开展；开发；研制(1)____________n.开展(2)____________n.开发者；研制者(3)____________adj.开展中的(4)__________adj.兴旺的；高度开展的Ⅱ.短语天地-英汉互译1.成双的；成对的_____________2.计算出;方案;出现好结果_____________3.为……而斗争/战斗_____________4.构成；编造_____________5.有道理;有意义;讲得通_____________6.seizeon_____________7.prohibitsb.from(doing)sth._____________8.asregards_____________9.liveout_____________10.noneotherthan______________Ⅲ.所给词正确形式填空1.Hisrudenesshas________manypeople.(offence)2.Chinese__________isoneoftheoldestintheworld.(civilize)3.Heruns3mileseverymorning;that’swhyheisso______.(fit)4.Thedoctorsaidtheoldman’sconditionwas___________.(hope)5.That’sthemostincredible________I’veeverheardof!(coincidence)6.Thecompanyhas____________anewcontractwithitsstaff.(negotiate)7.Thecompany_________rapidlyunderhisadministration.(develop)8.A________personalwaysfinisheseverythingaheadoftime.(punctual)9.It’s______________toreceiveafavorablereportonone’swork.(encourage)10.Hehasmadeanimportant_______________tothecompany’ssuccess.(contribute)Ⅳ.选词填空trolleybusmarchtraditionpedestrianhopefulseparationsubmitlibertybattlenationwidefreedomMartinLutherKing,Jrwasbornintoafamilyofchurchministersin1929.By________,beingaministerwasagoodjob.foraneducatedblackman.In1948heleftcollegetobeaministerinachurch.Onedaytherewasameetingtodecidewhethertoboycottthebusesand__________inMontgomery.Asaleader,Kingwasproudwhenhethoughtthatblackpeoplewouldbegiventhe_______tochoosetheirownseatsonbuses,inschoolsandinjobs.Heplayedaveryimportantrolefightingagainstthe__________ofblacksandwhitesinschools,hospitals,restaurantsandcinemas.Hisfightingforblackpeople’s_________andliberationeventuallyledtohisdeathinApril1968.Hewasshotandkilledduringacampaign.Duringhisbrieflife,Kinghadledseveral_________inAlabamaandMississippiinthe1960s.Non-violent__________marchingontheroadwonsomanyvictoriesinthesouthernstatesthatmanystateswereforcedto_______andagreedtochangetheirlaws.Itseemedasifthe_______againstracialdiscriminationwasgraduallybeingwon.Kingencouragedblacks___________tojoinhiscampaignofnonviolence.Hisphilosophywas________thatblacksandwhitescouldeventuallylivetogetherinpeaceandharmony.Itfounditsgreatestexpressionin1963withhisspeech“Ihaveadream.Keys:I.1.contribution；contributor　2.civilly;civilize;civilized;civilization　3.encouraged;encouraging;encouragingly;encouragement　4.offend；offender;offending　5.hopeful；hopefully；hopeless;hopelessly　6.negotiation；negotiator;negotiable　7.punctually;punctuality　8.coincident；coincidental　9.fitness；fitted;fitter;fitting10.development；developer;developing;developedII.1.inpairs　2.workout　3.fightfor4.makeup　5.makesense6.抓住；利用　7.禁止某人做某事　8.关于；至于9.活过；实践10.竟然III.1.offended　2.civilization3.fit4.hopeless5.coincidence6.negotiated　7.developed8.punctual9.encouraging10.contributionⅣ.1.tradition　2.trolleybus　3.liberty4.separation　5.freedom　6.marches7.pedestrian8.submit　9.battle10.nationwide11.hopeful稳固提高Ⅰ.根据以下各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。1.Heisalwaysp______.Inotherwords,he’sneverlateforanyappointment.2.Thetwobrotherswerebothbornontheirmother’sbirthday.Whatac______!3.Onlyafterhewasarrestedandputintoprisondidherealizethevalueofl______.4.Heisamanoffewwords,butwhathesaysisusually______(简短的)andtothepoint.5.Thenewlawstrictlyp______tobaccoadvertisinginnewspapersandmagazines.6.Studentshaveto______(注册)forthenewcoursebytheendofApril.7.Thebossrefusedto______(谈判)withtheemployersabouttheirwage.8.Thesoldiersjumpedtotheirfeetand______(敬礼)asthecaptainenteredthehall.9.The______(传统)issaidtodatebacktoasearlyastheMingDynasty.10.Womenarenolonger______(支配)bythemen—theyholduphalfthesky.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.One’s______(happy)isnotnecessarilyassociatedwithone’swealth.2.You’llreceiveaheavy______(punish)forhavingbrokenthelaw.3.Don’tyouthinkit______(just)topunishonenaughtyboyandnottheother?4.Whatadelightforthemtomeetagainaftersolonga______(separate)!5.She’s______(willing)topaylargesumsofmoneytorepairanoldcarlikethis.6.Withthehelpoftheteacher,I’m______(hope)thatwe’llfulfillthetaskontime.7.Soldierswhoarefightingtogetheroftenhaveastrongfeelingof______(brother).8.China______(success)launcheditsfirstman-madeearthsatelliteinApril,1970.9.Thegirljoinedherhandsin______(pray)whenherfatherwasbeingoperatedon.10.It’s______(evidence)thattheyoungmanyou’verecommendedisn’tequaltothejob.Ⅲ.选用以下适宜的短语并用其适当形式填空。beaccusedof;decideon;inbrief;inharmonywith;leadto;liveout;ontheotherhand;seizeon1.Assoonasthey______theplan，theytookaction．2.Youhaveto______everychanceofsuccessasitisnotlikelytoberepeated．3.Pleasetellmewhathappened______;don’tgointodetails.4.Heisseriouslyill.I’mafraidhecannot______onemoreweek.5.Somegovernmentofficials______abusingtheirpowerwhileinoffice.6.Moreandmorepeoplecometorealizetheimportanceofliving______nature.7.Heworkedharddayandnight,which______thecompletebreakdownofhishealth.8.Iwanttogototheparty,but______Ioughttomakepreparationsfortheentranceexam.Keys:Ⅰ.1.punctual2.coincidence3.liberty4.brief5.prohibits6.register7.negotiate8.saluted9.tradition10.dominatedⅡ.1.happiness2.punishment3.unjust4.separation5.unwilling6.hopeful7.brotherhood8.successfully9.prayer10.evidentⅢ.1.decidedon2.seizeon3.inbrief4.liveout5.wereaccusedof6.inharmonywith7.ledto8.ontheotherhandⅠ.Usingthewordsyouhavelearnedinthisunittocompletethefollowingblanks1.Abusthatusespowerfromelectricwiresabovethestreet_________2.anofficiallistofnamesofpeople,companiesetc,orabookthathasthislist______________3.torefusetobuysomething,usesomething,ortakepartinsomethingasawayofprotesting_______4.tosaythatanactionisillegalornotallowed.synonymban,forbid_____________5.anillegalactionoracrime________________6.whensomethingseparatesorisseparate.______________________7.abelief,custom,orwayofdoingsomethingthathasexistedforalongtime,orthesebeliefs,customsetcingeneral________________________8.togiveaplan,pieceofwritingetctosomeoneinauthorityforthemtoconsiderorapprove___________9.notwantingtodosomethingandrefusingtodoit.___________________10.anaccidentinwhichtwoormorepeopleorvehicleshiteachotherwhilemovingindifferentdirections_______________________11.totakeholdofsomethingsuddenlyandviolently.____________________12.believingthatwhatyouhopeforislikelytohappen.____________13.todiscusssomethinginordertoreachanagreement,especiallyinbusinessorpolitics_____________.14.asituationinwhicheverythingishappeninginaconfusedwayandnothingisorganizedorarrangedinorder.________________________15.whentwothingshappenatthesametime,inthesameplace,ortothesamepeopleinawaythatseemssurprisingorunusual_______________________16.someonewhoiswalking,especiallyalongastreetorotherplaceusedbycars_____________17.ahardlevelsurfaceorpathatthesideofaroadforpeopletowalkon_____________18.tomoveyourrighthandtoyourhead,especiallyinordertoshowrespecttoanofficerinthearmy,navyetc________________________19.cruelorviolenttreatmentofsomeone_______________20.wordsthatyousaywhenprayingtoGodorgods___________.21.aweaponmadeofmaterialthatwillexplode______________22.havingthehighestpositionofpower,importance,orinfluence___________23.happeningorexistingineverypartofthecountry_________________24.officiallyallowedorlimitedbythesystemofrulesofacountryororganization__________25.relatingtothemostbasicandimportantpartsofsomething________________26.afightbetweenopposingarmies,groupsofships,groupsofpeopleetc,especiallyonethatispartofalargerwar_______________27.thestateofbeinghappy____________________28.thefreedomandtherighttodowhateveryouwantwithoutaskingpermissionorbeingafraidofauthority____________29.alongpieceofmusicusuallyinfourparts,writtenforanorchestra____________30.alongpieceofmusicusuallyinfourparts,writtenforanorchestra___________31.whensomeoneisunfriendlyandfullofangertowardsanotherperson__________32.toopenyourmouthwideandbreatheindeeplybecauseyouaretiredorbored___________Keys:1trolleybus2.register3.boycott4.prohibit5.offence6.separation7.tradition8.submit9.unwilling10.collisioncourse11.seize12.hopeful13.Negotiate14.chaos15.Punctual16.Coincidence17.Pedestrian18.Pavement19.Salute20.Abuse21.Prayer22.Bomb23.Supreme24.Nationwide25.Constitutional26.Fundamental27.Battle28.Happiness29.Liberty30.Symphony31.Hostility32.Yawn__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.单项选择〔2021海淀一模〕1.Maryhasherweakness,______thatdoesn'tmeansheisnotqualifiedforherjob.A.andB.yetC.soD.or2.______ChaiJingsaidinhervideoaboutthesmoghascausedpublicconcern.A.ThatB.WhichC.HowD.What3.WhenIwaspushedonthestage,Ifeltalltheeyesinthehall______me.A.throughB.acrossC.intoD.on4.You______reachhimonhismobilenow----hismobileisstillunderrepair.A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t5.Thepaperoxmygrandmother______formeismymostvaluedbirthdaygift.A.cutB.willcutC.hadcutD.cuts6.—ItissaidthatJohn’spapergotanA+.—Hedeservesit.He______alotbeforehehandeditin.A.preparedB.preparesC.hadpreparedD.hasprepared7.______opinionsontheschedule,wefinallyreachedanagreement.A.HavingexchangedB.ExchangingC.ExchangedD.Toexchange8.Thelonglastingcoldcurrenthasbrought______winterinmymemorytotheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates.A.thelongerB.thelongestC.alongerD.along9.Mikewillbecomethefirstpersoninhisfamily______collegeeducation.A.finishedB.havingfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish10.PrinceWilliamtookavisittotheForbiddenCityonFeb.28,______emperorsoncelived.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.when11.______shehasearnedherPhD,shewantstofindajobwithhigherpay.A.AsifB.NowthatC.EventhoughD.Incase12.—HasJamesarrivedatthehotel?—No,he______byfansforphotographsattheairport.A.hassurroundedB.wouldsurroundedC.wassurroundedD.isbeingsurrounded13.______worriesmethatmydaughterplayswithhercellphoneforalongtimeeveryday.A.ItB.WhatC.ThisD.That14.—WhatdoyouthinkofHuaweiP7?—Terrific.IwouldbuyoneifI______aniPhone6Pluslastyear.A.didn’tbuyB.don’tbuyC.hadn’tboughtD.haven’tbought15.PremierLiKeqiangdeliveredaspeechattheconference,______universitygraduatestostarttheirownbusiness.A.encouragingB.toencourageC.havingencouragedD.encouraged二.阅读理解第一节阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhat’sonYourPet’sMind?In1977,IrenePepperbergofHarvardUniversitybeganstudyingwhatwasonanothercreature’smindbytalkingtoit.HerfirstexperimentsbeganwithAlex.Alexwasaone-year-oldAfricangreyparrotandIrenetaughthimtoproducethesoundsoftheEnglishlanguage.“Ithoughtifhelearnedtocommunicate,Icouldaskhimquestionsabouthowheseestheworld.〞Atthetime,mostscientistsdidn’tbelieveanimalshadanythoughts.Theythoughtanimalsweremorelikerobotsbutdidn’thavetheabilitytothinkorfeel.Ofcourse,ifyouownapetyouprobablydisagree.Butitisthejobofascientisttoprovethisandnowadaysmorescientistsacceptthatanimalscanthinkforthemselves.“That’swhyIstartedmystudieswithAlex,〞Irenesaid,“Somepeopleactuallycalledmecrazyfortryingthis.〞Nowadays,wehavemoreandmoreevidencethatanimalshaveallsortsofmentalabilities.Sheepcanrecognizefaces.Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)useavarietyoftoolsandevenuseweaponstohunt.AndAlextheparrotbecameaverygoodtalker.ThirtyyearsaftertheAlexstudiesbegan,IrenewasstillgivinghimEnglishlessonsupuntilhisrecentdeath.Forexample,ifAlexwashungryhecouldsay“wantgrape〞.Alexcouldcounttosixandwaslearningthesoundsforsevenandeight.“Hehastohearthewordsoverandoverbeforehecancorrectlysaythem,〞Irenesaid,afterpronouncing“seven〞forAlexafewtimesinarow.Alexshouldalsotellthedifferencebetweencolors,shapes,sizes,andmaterials(e.g.woodormetal).Beforehefinallydied,Alexmanagedtosay“seven〞.AnotherfamouspetthatprovedsomeanimalshavegreatermentalskillswasadogcalledRico.HeappearedonaGermanTVgameshowin2021.Ricoknewthenamesof200differenttoysandeasilylearnedthenamesofnewones.Whenscientistsstudiedhisskilltheyfoundhecouldlearnandrememberwordsasquicklyasatwo-year-oldchild.WhenRicobecamefamous,manyotherdogownerswantedtoshowhowclevertheirpetswere.AnotherdogcalledBestycouldunderstand300words.Onetheoryfordog’sabilitytolearnalanguageisthattheyhavebeenclosecompanionstohumansformanycenturiesandsotheirabilitytounderstandusisconstantlyevolving(进化).Whileanimalscannotdowhathumansdoyet,somescientistsbelievethatexampleslikeAlexandRicoprovethatevolutiondevelopsintelligence,aswellasphysicalappearance.16.Irenewantedtofindout________.whataparrotthinkswhyaparrotcanspeakHowparrotsmakesoundsIfparrotsspeakEnglish17.Alexlearntnewwordsby________.singingth