人教版英语选择性必修四 Unit3《Sea Exploration Learning About Language》学案

PAGEUnit3　SeaExplorationLearningAboutLanguage语法精讲·素养提升不定式(Theinfinitive)观察上面句子,并说出画线部分的作用①不定式作后置定语。②不定式作目的状语。　　动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,构成动词不定式短语。一、动词不定式的时态与语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时todotobedone示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时tobedoing表示谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行完成进行时tohavebeendoing表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前并且一直在进行*Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生,且meeting与hold之间为被动关系)*Theyaresaidtobestudyingpsychology.据说他们正在研究心理学。(besaid与study同时发生)*I’mverysorrytohavekeptyousittingarounddoingnothing.让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在besorry之前)*Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前,且harm与do之间是被动关系)*Sheisknowntohavebeendealingwiththeproblemsformanyyears.大家知道她处理这类难已经有很多年了。【名师点津】不定式的“被动”与“否定”(1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。*It’sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary’sbirthdayparty.被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。(2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成nottodo或nevertodo这样的形式。*Theytookavoteanddecidednottodoit.他们进行了表决,决定放弃。*Howmanytimeshasyourmothertoldyounevertotalktostrangers?你母亲告诉你多少次了,绝不能和陌生人谈话?【即学活用】语法填空(1)Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobeprepared(prepare)toadapttothechange. (2)Shepretendedtobesleeping(sleep)whenhermothercamein. (3)Heissaidtohavebeenworking(work)inthisfactoryformorethantwentyyears. 二、动词不定式的句法功能　　动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语,表示比较具体的意义。1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语多表示将来特定的某一次动作。*Toblametheworkerwillnotmakeupfortheloss.责备那个工人弥补不了损失。*(2018·天津高考)Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。①不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,往往用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n./pron.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用forsb.;当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用ofsb.,这样的形容词有careful,cruel,foolish,brave,good,honest,kind,rude,polite,nice,stupid,wise,wrong等。*Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。*Itisimportantforustolivealow-carbonlife.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Itiscommontofind(find)thistypeofpoetry,calligraphyart,hanginginpeople’shomes. (2)Ifyouliveinacoldclimate,itwillbeimportanttoknow(know)yourdog’slimitsandhowyoucankeepitsafeandwarm. (3)Itisanhonorformetobeinvited(invite)toattendthemeeting. 2.不定式作表语不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是tobe);二是像Myjobistosweepthefloor.(我的工作就是擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形;三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。*Heseemstobeill.他似乎生病了。*Herwishistobeateacher.她的愿望就是当一名教师。*Wearetomeetatthestationatthree.我们约定3点钟在车站见面。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Itisimportanttorememberwhenyou’retryingtogetalongwithpeoplewhoareverydifficultorseemtobeignoring(ignore)you,everyoneisjustdoingthebestthattheycan. (2)Heischildren’sbookseditor,whosejobistosort(sort)throughthousandsofnewtitlespublishedeachyearandselecttheverybestonesinTheTimes. (3)Thegoalofthisactivityistomeet(meet)theneedsofcommonpeople. 3.不定式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选,同意请求帮一帮offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help*Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。(2)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后,常用it作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。*Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Hepretendedtobereading(read)thetextwhenIcamein. (2)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefusedtostop(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop. (3)Ithinkitnecessarytosend(send)foranexpert. (4)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty. 4.不定式作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。*Fatherwillnotallowustoplayinthestreet.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作的全过程。一感(feel),二听(hear,listento),三使(let,have,make),五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),半帮助(help),动词不定式作help宾语补足语时,既可带to,也可不带to。*Nobodysawhimcomein.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。以上单词,当其所在句子改为被动句时,动词不定式符号“to”必须保留。例如:*Thethiefwasobservedtoenterthebank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Whatcausedhimtochange(change)hismind? (2)Hedidn’tallowthestudentstogo(go)there. (3)Theteachergotsomestudentstostay(stay)intheclassroomafterschool. (4)Hewasmadetowork(work)dayandnight. 5.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。*Iwantedtocometoyourbirthdayparty,butIhadaprojecttofinishthen.(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。*Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支钢笔写字。【名师点津】如果被不定式修饰的名词为place,time,way等,不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。*Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。*Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。【名师点津】不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动含义;若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动含义。*Shehasasistertolookafter.她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是lookafter的执行者)【即学活用】语法填空(1)Thebestwaytoset(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely. (2)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiontobemade(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany. (3)Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirdstostay(stay)away. (4)Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochange(change)lives,includingyourown. 6.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”,可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性,不定式前也可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能置于句首。*To/Inordertoincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.为了提高社区服务水平,一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,有时前面加only,以加强语气。常用于下列结构中:onlytodo　表示意想不到的结果enoughtodo足够做……too...todo太……而不能……so/such...asto...如此……以至于……*Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。*Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时,后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因,常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish等。*Maggiewasgladtobehomeinherownbed.玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上,觉得非常高兴。*I’mdelightedtohearthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalculture.我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Toliberate(liberate)ourcountry,theydevotedtheirlives. (2)Tolearn(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse. (3)Maryrushedhomeimmediatelysheheardthenews,onlytofind(find)thatherhusbandwasgone. (4)YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastosee(see)heryesterday. 课时·素养达标Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchase(purchase)abook. 2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheld(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse. 3.(2020·江苏高考)Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifwearetoclassify(classify)garbageinashorttime. 4.(2020·天津高考)Tohelp(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes. 5.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorb(absorb)aday’sworthofVitaminD. 6.It’severyone’sresponsibilitytomake(make)gooduseofwater,suchasrecyclingandsavingwaterinourdailylife. 7.Ifsuccessful,WenXu,32,willbethefirstpersontocross(cross)AntarcticaalonefromtheshoreBerknerIsland,accordingtotheeventorganizer. 8.Theyhavebeenintheroomlisteningtoexplanationswhenthingsseemtohavegone(go)wrong. 9.Jackwasinlowspiritsthosedaysandhisfriendsdidalltheycouldtocheer(cheer)himup. 10.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch(catch). Ⅱ.用不定式完成句子1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4tofindandstudyareasoftheSouthPoleAitkenbasin. 中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。2.Ididn’tmeantoeatanythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptryingit. 我当时什么都不想吃,但是那个冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。3.Thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistodependonyourself. 解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。4.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogethertoshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes. 过中秋节的时候,家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。5.Itisagreatpleasureformetohavebeenworkingwithyouthesedays. 我很高兴这段时间和你一起共事。6.Ihavealotofreadingstocompletebeforetheendofthisterm. 这个学期结束前,我要做很多阅读练习。7.Helenborrowedmybooktheotherday,promisingtoreturnitsoon. 海伦在几天前借了我的书,答应我会马上还给我。8.Althoughparentsseemtobegivinggoodadvicetotheirsonsanddaughters,theirkidshavemarkedthempoorlyonbeinggoodrolemodelswhenitcomestodealingwithlife’sdifficulties. 尽管父母似乎给他们的儿子和女儿们提供了很好的建议,但他们的孩子们在处理生活中遇到的困难时,却很难成为好的榜样。9.Policeareurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately. 警方敦促任何看到事故的人立即与他们联系。10.Thequeenbeeappearstobenursedwellinthecombbuiltbythediligentworkerbees. 蜂王似乎在勤劳的工蜂建造的蜂巢里得到了很好的护理。　　使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段Thescientists1.decidedtoexplore(决定探索)thedeepoceaninordertofindoutwhatexistsatthefloorofthesea.Theirfirststep2.tocarryouttheplan(实施这项计划)is3.tosendadeepwatermachine(派一台深水机器)designedspeciallyfortheresearch.4.Themachinetobecontrolledremotelybyscientists(由科学家们远程控制的机器)atthesurfaceoftheseaisinashapeofanegg.Theywillwatchthemachine5.divedeepintothesea(潜入大海深处).6.Toconductsucharesearch(进行这样的研究)isalongprojectthatscientistshavepreparedforseveralmonths. 课时素养评价八　Unit3　LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Soitcanhelpreducethetirednessoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeel(feel)moreenergetic. 2.IttookJanetthreehourstofinish(finish)readingthisinterestingstory. 3.Shepretendedtobelistening(listen)tothemanager,butactuallyshewasthinkingaboutsomethingelse. 4.InmanyhomesintheUK,thefirstpersontowake(wake)uphastomaketeaforthefamily. 5.Don’ttrytohideanythingfromyourmother.Sheappearstohavebeentold(tell)everything. 6.Tobeadmitted(admit)toauniversityintheUK,internationalstudentsmustdisplayastrongabilityinspokenandwrittenEnglish. 7.Thenewphoneisveryeasytooperate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes. 8.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasiertobreak(break)intosmallpieces. 9.Itcanbedishearteningtospendalotoftimepreparingamealonlytofind(find)yourkidsturningtheirnoseupatit. 10.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosave(save)theirvaluabletime. Ⅱ.完成句子1.Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus/Togetintouchwithusmoreeasily,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand. 为了更容易与我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片放在手边。2.IrememberItoldmymommorethanoncethatIhopedtopursueanactingcareerinthefuture. 我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。3.Theoldmansitsinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happytowatchanythingthathappenedtobeon. 老人每天晚上坐在电视机前,高兴地看电视上碰巧播放的任何内容。4.Theairporttobecompletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea. 明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业发展。5.IwillbesurprisedifyoucangetCalvin,whoisaclose-fistedman,tobuythesedonationdrawticketsfromyou. 如果你能让加尔文,一个吝啬的男人,从你那里买这些捐款抽奖票,我会很惊讶。6.Hehasahearttroubleandthedoctorfindsitdifficulttotreat. 他有心脏病,医生发现很难治疗。7.Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones. 为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。8.Themanopenedhiseyes,onlytofindhimselfleftaloneintheroom. 那人睁开眼睛,却发现房间里只剩下他一个人。9.Theylivedahardlifeandwereoftenmadetoworkforover10hoursaday. 他们生活很艰苦,经常被迫在一天内工作十个多小时。10.IwantedtotraveltoAmericainsteadofFrance,buthepersuadedmenottochangemymind. 我想要去美国旅行,代替之前的法国,但是他劝我不要改变我的主意。Ⅰ.阅读理解Saythephrase“femaleenvironmentalpioneers,”andamongthenamesyouwillhearRachelCarson,whowroteaboutpesticides;chimpanzeeexpertJaneGoodall;and17-year-oldclimate-changeactivistGretaThunberg.TomarkWomen’sHistoryMonth,Kidspostissharingthestoryofanenvironmentalpioneerwhoisnotthatfamousbutequallyremarkable.Atage3,SylviaEarlefoundherlifelongpassionwhileplayingonabeach.Awavesuddenlycameupandknockedherover.“Mymother...sawthebigsmileonmyfaceandletmerunbackin,”EarletoldaTVintervieweryearslater.“AndI’vebeenrunningbackineversince.”Earleisnow84yearsoldandhasspentalifetimeexploringtheworld’soceansandworkingtoprotectthemfrompollution,overfishingandotherthreats.Sheisapioneerinusingscubagear.Scubagearletsdiverstakebreathunderwater.Sheholdstheworldrecordforthedeepestuntetheredwalkontheoceanfloorat1,250feet.Thismeansshewasnottiedtoanythingwhenshewaswalkingunderwater.Duringthisexploration,sheplantedaU.S.flag.In1998,TimemagazinegaveEarleitsfirstHeroesforthePlanetaward.ShewasthefirstfemalechiefscientistattheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).ItistheU.S.oceanandatmospheregroup.ShewasalsoelectedtotheNationalWomen’sHallofFame.Earlehasspentherlifeteachingpeopleabouttheocean.Shenoteshowmuchitaffectstheweather,andwhatweeatanddrink.Shehassomethingtosaytothosewhodon’tunderstandwhytheoceanmatters.“Theyshouldknowthatwitheverybreaththeytake,everydropofwatertheydrink,theoceanistouchingthem,”Earlesays.“Youshouldtreattheoceanasifyourlifedependsonit—becauseitdoes.”【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一位一生都致力于探索海洋保护海洋的女性环保先锋—SylviaEarle,三岁时就发现了自己对于海洋的热爱,并在保护海洋方面做出了杰出贡献和成就。1998年,《时代》杂志给了Earle第一个行星英雄奖。她是美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的第一位女性首席科学家。她还入选了全国妇女名人堂。同时,她提出了海洋对于人类的重要性。1.WhatdoesEarle’slifelongpassionreferto?A.Teachingpeoplehowtodive.B.Writingarticlesformagazines.C.Exploringandprotectingoceans.D.Providingequipmentfordivers.【解析】选C。细节理解题。第四段内容“Earleisnow84yearsold...overfishingandotherthreats”可知,已有84岁的她一生致力于探索海洋,保护海洋。因此可知,她酷爱的是探索和保护海洋。故选C项。2.WhatdoweknowaboutEarlefromthetext?A.Earleisaworldrecordholder.B.Earle’smotherisinsupportofherwork.C.EarleisaremarkableBritishoceanexplorer.D.EarleistheonlyfemalechiefscientistatNOAA.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Sheholdstheworldrecordforthedeepestuntetheredwalkontheoceanfloorat1,250feet.”可知,她还保持着在1250英尺深的海底自由行走的世界纪录。故选A项。3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeEarle?A.Braveandconservative.B.Devotedandcourageous.C.Determinedandrigid.D.Ambitiousandmodest.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段中的“Earleisnow84yearsold...whenshewaswalkingunderwater.可知,她一生都致力于海洋探索和海洋保护,是一个有献身精神的人;同时,无束缚的情况之下在水下1250英尺深的海底自由行走,说明她是一个勇敢的人。故选B项。4.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillEarleagreewithaccordingtothetext?A.Peopleshouldstopoverfishingandeatingseafood.B.Theoceanplaysasignificantroleinhuman’slife.C.Theweatherhasafar-reachingeffectontheocean.D.Theexplorationoftheoceancanbedonewithoutlimit.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容:Shehassomethingtosayto...becauseitdoes.”可知,她认为海洋对于人类来说是很重要的。故选B项。Ⅱ.语法填空Severalthousandyearsago,thesilktradefirstreachedEuropeviatheSilkRoad,1.　　　　　broughtwithitnotonlyexcellentsilkclothesanddecorativeitems,butalsotheancientcultureoftheFarEast.Fromthenon,silk2.　　　　　(regard)asthesymbolofEasterncivilization. Accordingto3.　　　　　ancientChineselegend,itwastheYellowEmperor4.　　　　　orderedthefiberswovenintoclothandmadeintosilkclothes,whichwere5.　　　　　(extreme)softandcomfortable.LatergenerationsworshipedtheYellowEmperor6.　　　　　theGodofWeaving. Chinaisthebirthplaceofsericulture(养蚕).Sericulture,includingplantingmulberrytrees,raisingsilkwormsand7.　　　　　(produce)silkfabric,hasbeenanessentialformoflaborinChinafor8.　　　　　(century).TheChineseancestorshadinventedflat-weavingandfigured-weavingtechniques,andcoloredclothusingnaturalvermilion(朱红)dye. Withthe9.　　　　　(improve)inloomconstructionandprintinganddyingmethods,morevarietiesofsilkweredeveloped.Chinapossessedthemost10.　　　　　(advance)silkdyingandweavingtechniquesoftheancientworld. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。几千年前,丝绸贸易第一次通过丝绸之路到达欧洲,不仅给西方带去了美丽的丝绸服装和装饰用品,而且带去了古老的东方文化,丝绸被视为东方文明的象征。中国人民的祖先发明了平纹织和提花织技术,中国拥有古代世界上最先进的丝绸染织技术。1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。句子可知,本句是定语从句。空格处在句中指代前面的句子,此时要用关系词which,故本空填which。2.【解析】wasregarded。考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知,本句中缺少谓语动词,其中的主语silk与谓语动词是被动关系,根据语境可知本句用一般过去时,故空格处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填wasregarded。3.【解析】an。考查冠词。分析句子可知,空格处在句中表示数量“一”,因为ancient是以元音音素开头的,要用不定冠词an,故填an。4.【解析】that/who。考查强调句。分析句子可知,本句是强调句。被强调部分为theYellowEmperor,指人。故填that/who。5.【解析】extremely。考查副词。空格处在句中修饰形容词soft和comfortable,修饰形容词一般用副词形式,故填extremely。6.【解析】as。考查介词。分析句子及语境可知,空格在句中意为“作为”,因此,用介词as。故填as。7.【解析】producing。考查动名词作宾语。空格处在句中作介词including的宾语,要用动词的-ing形式,故填producing。8.【解析】centuries。考查名词复数。分析句意可知,此处是指几个世纪,要用名词的复数形式,故填centuries。9.【解析】improvement。考查名词作宾语。空格处在句中作介词with的宾语,一般名词作宾语,故填名词improvement。10.【解析】advanced。考查词性转换。空格处在句中作定语,修饰名词silkdying和weavingtechniques。根据语境可知,此处是指最先进的,即形容词advanced。故填advanced。Ⅲ.完形填空Hansenandhis10-year-oldsonChasesearchthestreetsofSaltLakeCityeveryweekendforthehomelesstotaketolunch.TheystartedProjectEmpathy(共情)fouryearsagoto　1　ameal,listentotheirstoriesandfiguredouthowtheycould　2　help. “Juststartwithasmile,ahello.Itreallyjuststartswiththat.Ifyoudoit,youcanmakeaconnection.Asmallgesturecanhavea　3　impactonotherslessfortunate,”Hansen　4　inaninterview. Someofthesesharedmealshaveturnedintostronger　5　.Ward,ahomeless,was　6　inaflat.HecreditedtheHansenswithhelpinghim　7　thedifficultprocessofmovingoffthestreets.“Itisgreattohavefriendswhomakeusfeel　8　andI’mimpressedwiththepair,”Wardsaid. Fatherandson’s　9　havedevelopedintoapassionprojectthat　10　faithandcommunitywhichemphasizesthe　11　communitymemberscanhaveinupliftingthehomeless.Theyknowtheycan’tsettlethehomeless　12　alone.They’rehopingempathywill　13　. “Myhopeforthefutureisto　14　moreconnectionacrossourcountry.Wecouldandwewillsucceed　15　wehaveotherpeoplejoininandhelpthehomeless,”Chasesaid. 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了Hansen父子成立“共情”项目帮助无家可归者的故事。Hansen认为我们一个小小的举动,会给无家可归的人带来巨大影响。他们希望社区成员能够意识到自己可以帮助别人,也希望“共情”项目可以变得流行,这样就有更多的人加入来帮助无家可归者。1.A.buy　　　B.cook　　　C.share　　　D.eat【解析】选C。根据下文的Someofthesesharedmealshaveturnedintostronger　　　可知此处用“分享”符合语境,share是原词复现,故选C项。 2.A.oftenB.furtherC.alsoD.even【解析】选B。根据句意可知,除了给那些无家可归的人分享食物和听他们讲述自己的事情外,父子俩还要弄清如何为他们提供进一步(further)的帮助,故选B项。3.A.dramaticB.differentC.minimumD.decisive【解析】选A。根据下文的HecreditedtheHansenswithhelpinghim　　　thedifficultprocessofmovingoffthestreets.可知Hansen的行为让Ward有了巨大改变,dramatic意思为“巨大的;令人吃惊的”,故选A项。 4.A.remarkedB.praisedC.jokedD.quoted【解析】选A。根据空前的直接引语可知,这是Hansen采访时说的一句话,故用“说”符合语境,remark意思为“说,议论;评论;提议”。故选A项。5.A.desiresB.connectionsC.motivationsD.opinions【解析】选B。根据上文的Ifyoudoit,youcanmakeaconnection.可知此处用“联系”符合语境,connection是原词复现,故选B项。6.A.providedB.permittedC.abandonedD.housed【解析】选D。结合下文thedifficultprocessofmovingoffthestreets可知,此处是指Hansen父子给Ward提供了一间平房用来居住,house意为动词,意为“给某人提供住宿。”故选D项。7.A.throughB.forC.despiteD.to【解析】选A。根据HecreditedtheHansenswithhelpinghim和thedifficultprocessofmovingoffthestreets可知,此处考查固定用法helpsb.through“帮某人度过”,故选A项。8.A.surprisedB.relaxedC.awesomeD.calm【解析】选C。结合上下文可知,Hansen父子帮助无家可归的人,和他们分享食物、给他们提供住所等,这让他们感觉非常好,awesome意为“很好的;极佳的。”故选C项。9.A.dreamsB.influencesC.experiencesD.efforts【解析】选D。结合Fatherandson’s　　　havedevelopedintoapassionproject可知,此处是指父子俩帮助无家可归的人的努力,影响了周围的人,故选D项。 10.A.assessesB.comparesC.highlightsD.respects【解析】选C。根据下文的whichemphasizesthe　　　communitymemberscanhaveinupliftingthehomeless.可知此处用“强调”符合语境,highlight和emphasize是同义词复现,故选C项。 11.A.importanceB.taskC.chanceD.role【解析】选D。结合faithandcommunitywhichemphasizesthe　　　communitymemberscanhaveinupliftingthehomeless.可知,此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人,即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色(role),故选D项。 12.A.argumentB.problemC.debtD.conflict【解析】选B。根据Theyknowtheycan’tsettlethehomeless　　　alone可知,无家可归是一个社会问题,他们自己不能解决这个社会问题,故选B项。 13.A.goawayB.catchonC.fadeoutD.giveoff【解析】选B。根据上文的Theyknowtheycan’tsettlethehomeless　　　alone.可推测,他们希望“共情”这个项目可以变得流行,这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者,catchon意为“变得流行”。故选B项。 14.A.spreadB.missC.exchangeD.maintain【解析】选A。根据下文的acrossourcountry可知此处用“传播”符合语境,spread意为“传播;散步;流传”。故选A项。15.A.beforeB.ifC.untilD.so【解析】选B。根据设空处前后意思可知,此处用“如果”符合语境,故选B项。