DictoSimpliciter2009级商务英语3班宋慧敏09070503341.DictoSimpliciterWhenapremiseisgenerallycommitted,theexceptionisignored.Example:①Keepingonadietcanenablepeopletoloseweight.Therefore,ifyouwanttoloseweight,youshouldkeeponadiet.②WeshoulddiscountwhatPremierKleinsaysabouttaxationbecausehewon’tbehurtbytheincrease.2.HastyGeneralizationThepremiseisobviouslynotadequate,thepersonjumpstotheconclusion.Example:①Iaskedsixofmyfriendswhattheythoughtofthenewspendingrestraintsandtheyagreeditisagoodidea.Thenewrestraints②Everybodyinacapitalistcountryisbasicallydishonest.Lookatallthepoliticianswhoarearrestedeveryyearfortakingbribesandmisusingpublicfunds.3.PostHocThereisnoconnectionbetweenthecauseandthefact.Example:①ImmigrationtoAlbertafromOntarioincreased.Soonafter,thewelfarerollsincreased.Therefore,theincreasedimmigrationcausedtheincreasedwelfarerolls.②Religionobviouslyweakensthepoliticalstrengthofacountry.Afterall,RomefellaftertheintroductionofChristianity.4.ContradictoryPremisesThepremiseandtheconclusioncontradicteachother,sotherecanbenoconclusion.Example:Asocietyisfreeifandonlyiflibertyismaximizedandpeoplearerequiredtotakeresponsibilityfortheiractions.5.AdMisericordianWhenaquestionisposted,theansweristotallydependentofanothertopic.Example:Wehopeyou’llacceptourrecommendations.Wespentthelastthreemonthsworkingextratimeonit6.FalseAnalogyThepremisescommitteduniversallyarefalselyusedintheconclusion,ortheconclusionandthepremiseshappennotinthesamesituation.Example:Employeesarelikenails.Justasnailsmustbehitintheheadinordertomakethemwork,somustemplyees.7.HypothesisContrarytoFactItisfalselybelievedthatthereisonlyonepossibilitytothestateofaffairs.Example:IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthattest.8.PoisoningtheWellFirstthelistenerisforcedtoreceivetheadverseinformationaboutsomeonetothatthetellercanbeeasilytrustedwhenheplanstosayanythingbadaboutthatperson.Example:YousayIshouldn’tdrink,butyouhaven’tbeensoberformorethanayear.