英语词性讲解ppt课件

词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。1名词noun2代词pronoun3形容词adjective4副词adverb5动词verb6数词numeral7冠词article8介词preposition9连词conjunction10感叹词interjectionstudentYouhappyquicklycutthreeaatandoh实词虚词*名词NOUN概念：是示人，事物，抽象概念等名称的词。根据词汇意义，名词可划分为：专有名词和普通名词*专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。Tony托尼Japan日本Mr.Black布莱克先生August八月Monday星期一theGreatWall长城Christmas圣诞节English英语ATaleofTwoCities双城记*普通名词：表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。例如：表一类人：pupil,police,woman,boy，father;表物：box,tree,orange,water,computer；表抽象：happiness,trouble,pleasure,love,life,etc.*普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)个体名词。如：cup,desk,student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。(2)集体名词。如：class,team,family等。一般可数，有单复数形式(3)物质名词。如：rice,water,cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词。如：love,work,life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。*英语可数名词单复数规则变化：一般情况词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.（在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后读/z/）s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,dish→dishes,match→matches.读/iz/*规则变化：以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,baby→babies.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。如：toy→toys,holiday→holidays以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives,wife→wives,leaf→leaves,thief→thieves.例外：roof→roofs*规则变化：以辅音字母+o结尾的名词,词尾加es；如:tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroes以元音字母+o结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。如:piano→pianosphoto→photosradio→radioszoo→zoos*不规则变化：有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：child---childrenmouse---miceman—menwoman—women妇女tooth—teethfoot—feet有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,people,yuan但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式，adollar,twodollars*注意：一些以man，woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen.中日瑞士不变英法变其余s加后面**名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermantwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes英语不可数名词不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.*名词的所有格1.不以s结尾的名词所有格：theboy'sbag,men'sroom2.以-s结尾的名词所有格：Teachers'Day3.职业名词、称呼名词的所有格表地点thebarber’s,MrGreen’s,thedoctor’s（office），myuncle’s（house）4.并列名词不共有:John'sandMary'srooms（两间）　　并列名词共有:JohnandMary'sroom5.时间、距离、地点fiveminutes'walk；tenmeters'long；theworld'spopulation*6.抽象名词后用“of+宾格”作定语；themusicofthefilm；thehelpofhim(Lucy)；thedevelopmentofChina；thedoorofthehouse7.多重所有格突出局部afriendofLucy’smother’s；twoclassmatesofmysister's8.“of+宾格”与“of+所有格”含意不同:thephotoofmyfather我爸爸的肖像thephotoofmine我（所有的）照片*1.Several_____aretalking underthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）A．minute's B．minutes C．minutes' 3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’sCCAABCCAACCABACCA*根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’sideasfootboysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)boysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)boysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)boysideasfoot*代词人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词不定代词**人称单复数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前（疑问句式放在特殊动词后）；eg.ShelivesinToronto,Canada.DoeshespeakEnglish?宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；eg.Yesterdaymymotherboughtmeanewbike.Iusuallygotomovieswithheronweekends.形容词性物主代词：用作句子的定语，之后必须带名词；eg.Thisismybook.That’shisbook.名词性物主代词：相当于一个名词词组，之后不能带名词（其代换的名词需在前文中出现）；eg.Hisbookismuchnewerthanmine(=mybook).反身代词：一般放在动词后，要求同主语人称一致。eg.SheteachesherselfEnglish. 基本形式*人称代词在并列使用时的顺序应是：单数形式：（二、三、一）you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）we/you/theyeg.You,heandIaregoodfriends.Thesebooksareforyouandme.We,youandtheyareallfansofJayChou’s例如：MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后多用宾格.例如：—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her注意：*3.名词性物主代词作主语时，主谓一致关系：名词性物主代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。eg.Myshoesarecheap.Buthis_____expensive.A.isB.areC.beD.am4.反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）：在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意写法。eg.Pleasehelp_____tosomecakes,children.A.youB.yourselfC.yourselvesD.your为B。因为此时的his代换了hisshoes，其代换的名词为复数，be用are。答案为C。因为“helpyourselftosome…”是一个固定句式（意为“请随便吃点……”），我们可根据children认定对象为复数。*4.she可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoEngland.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。*5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*–What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。*6.it可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。*It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。7.当不知性别时，也用it指人Eg:Whoisit?Itisverycute.*二：物主代词1.形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。在句中只能作定语*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。*2.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。eg:Thisismydictionary.Whereisyours?名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语和宾语*–Whosebookisthis?–It’smine.这书是谁的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。*3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词*Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)*Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)*反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself*人称代词填空——四步推断法:第一步：看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式；eg.Wheredoes____friendcomefrom?A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yours答案为B。因为它后面带有名词friend。第二步：看其是否代换了名词词组，如是则用名词性物主代词，如不是则考虑其余三个；eg.Thisisn’tmypen._____isinmypencilcase.A.IB.MeC.MyD.Mine答案为D。因为在此它代换了mypen。*人称代词填空——四步推断法:第三步：看其是否在动词前，如在动词前，则用主格，如在动词后，则考虑剩下的两个；ee.Nancyismachfatterthan_____am.A.IB.meC.myD.myself答案为A。因为它位于动词am前作主语。第四步：如在动词后，应考虑其是否同主语人称一致，如一致则用反身代词，如不一致则用宾格。eg.Nobodyteaches_____English.Sheteaches_____.A.her;herB.herself;herselfC.her;herselfD.herself;her答案为C。因为它们都位于动词teaches后作宾语；其中第一空同主语人称不一致，使用宾格，第二空同主语人称一致，使用反身代词。*指示代词TheweatherinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinUSA.*单数复数this这个these这些that那个those那些指示代词①ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it②TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those*不定代词指用于代换上文中可数名词的all,both,each,either,none,neither(every)等表不定概念的词语。如说明“两者”，选用both、either、each或neither。如说明“两者以上”，选用all、（every）、each或none。eg.Thetwinsistersarebothgoodatmath.Noneofthestudentsinourclasswantstogothere.Everyboyinourclassisgoingswimmingthisafternoon.不定代词作主语时，谓语动词单复数情况：both和all作主语时，看作复数；either、each、neither单独作主语时或同of一起构成词组作主语时（如of后带人称代词），看作单数。*eitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②NeitheryounorI___ascientist.A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studying*either…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语归纳1.all表示对三者或三者以上事物的全部肯定，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。2.both表示对两者的肯定，可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。3.none可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语，但不能作定语。作主语、同位语时通常放在行为动词的前面，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。4.either表示两者中的任何一个，强调个体，可作主语、宾语或定语。5.neither的意义与both正好相反，指两个中的任何一个都不，其用法类似于either,但neither还可作副词，用于否定句中，意为“也不”。6.any表示多者中的任何一个。*复合不定代词指由some;any;no;every和body;thing;one构成的合成词考点：1.主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用三人称单数形式。2.定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。EverybodyinourclassisinterestedinEnglish.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.*复合不定代词3.none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。错：Heisnewhere,sononeknowshim.对：Heisnewhere,sonooneknowshim.错：NobodyofthemhasbeentoEnglandbefore.对：NoneofthemhasbeentoEnglandbefore..*nonenoone①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②Whoisintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom*nonenoone=nobody没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①other的用法other：形容词，其后可带复数名词，意为“（另外的）一些”，表示泛指。theother：限定词，其后可带名词；指代单数可数名词时，表示两者中的“另一个”。others：代词，其后不能带名词，表示复数意义，相当于“other+可数名词复数”，泛指。Some…others…一些……另一些theothers：代词，其后不能带名词，相当于“theother+可数名词复数”，特指。another：限定词，其后带单数可数名词；代词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（单数，泛指）。Hehastwopens.Oneisred;theotherisblack.他有两支钢笔，一支是红的，另一支是黑的。Mary’shere.Wherearealltheothers?玛丽在这里，其余的所有人都到哪里去了？*【点金】以上代词常用于固定搭配中。(1)one...theother...一个……，另一个……(2)one...another...athird...一个……，另一个……，第三个，用于表示三个不同的人或物，含义是指同类事物。(3)“anyother+可数名词单数”表示“（一定范围内）其他任何一个”。*①TomandMaryhavearrived,but__inyourclassaren'thereyet. A.theothers  B.others  C.theother  ②Thispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme___one.     A.other   B.others   C.another      ③Ihavetwobrothers.__isadoctor,__isasoldier.    A.One,theother       B.One,otherC.Theone,theother    ④Someofthestudentsareplayingontheplayground.Butwhere’re______?A.theotherB.othersC.theothers*1.—Goodmorning,MrBrown.Wouldyoupleasetellmetheresultoftheexam?—OK.Youdidquitewell.You’vemade___mistakes.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle2.Mycousinisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas___timetoreadnewspapers.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew3.—CouldIhaveatalkwithyou,Bruce?—Sure.Butonly___time.A.alittleB.afewC.littleD.fewfew/afew&little/alittle*数词Numeral概念： 数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。☆表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词，如：one，ten,fifteen等；☆表示数目顺序的词叫序数词，如：fifth,second,twelfth等。*一. 基数词 基数词的用法：    （1）几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如：    eighty-five 85    twenty-six 26    （2）三位数的基数词须在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用and连接。如：    three hundred and sixty-five 365    two hundred and six 206    *（3）基数词的复数形式。表示具体数目,hundred,thousand,million不用复数表示不确定数目,用复数。即hundredsof(数百),thousandsof(数千),millionsof(数百万)+名词复数,可以用many/several修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。1)Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.2)Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.3)Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.4)Several/Manythousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.*（4）“几十”的复数形式可以表示：几十多岁----in+one’s+数词复数年代----in+the+数词复数   in the 1990’s 20世纪90年代    in one’s twenties在某人20多岁时eg.Hediedinhisforties．四十多岁Inthenineties,mostpeoplegotoworkbybike.90年代*（5）“基数词+名词”的合成形容词作定语，中间有连字符“－”,当中的名词用单数。a3–year–oldgirlaseven-dayholiday（6）表计量--“基数词+度量单位+形容词”eg.Theclassroomis7meterslong,6meterswideand3metershigh.*序数词的用法:(1)序数词作定语，前面要加the；Thefirsttruckiscarryingafoodbasket．Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor．SheismyfirstEnglishteacher.(2)有时加a/an，“再一”，“又一”的意思;We’llhavetodoitasecondtime．ShallIaskhimathirdtime？WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak．Theyhadasecondchildin1988.二.序数词*编号在前，名词在后，用序数词，前面有the编号在后，名词在前，用基数词，注意首字母大写房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读第一课第32页第305房间第12路公共汽车theFirstLessonLessonOnethethirty-secondpagePageThirty-twoRoom305BusNo.121、编号表示法*2.分数表示法分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母加-s。1/4one-fourtha(one)quarter3/4three-fourthsthreequarters2/3two-thirds1/2a(one)half半年halfayear半小时halfanhour一年半oneandahalfyearsoneyearandahalf分数修饰名词时，后用of短语。如：1/3onethirdofteachers3/7threeseventhsoftheboys*3.年份、日期、时刻表达法年用基数词表示,两位一读,介词用in日用序数词表示,介词用on1999nineteenninety-ninetwothousandandeight1949年10月1日读作:October(the)first,nineteenforty-nine(月-日，年)thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine（日-月，年）写作:October1st,1999(日用缩写，月-日-年)October1,1999(日用数字)1stOctober,1999日-月，年*－HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingnextyear?－It’shardtosay,________people,Ithink.millionofB.millionsofC.threemillionsD.threemillionsofAbout________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifthsBA*Whichofthefollowingiswrong?________.A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.B.Heisattheageof15.C.Heisaboyof15.D.Heisfifteenyearold.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada________.A.tenmileswalkB.ten-milewalkC.tenmile'swalkD.tenthmilewalkDB*Wehaveknowneachotherfor________.A.ayearandhalfB.ayearwithhalfC.ayearandahalfD.ayearwithahalf“What'sthedatetoday?”“It's_______.”A.thefourthofmayB.thefourthMayC.MayfourD.MaythefourthCD*冠词Article概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，限制名词的意义。冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。冠词的范围：a、an、the*不定冠词a、an1、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。eg: Anelephantismuchheavierthanahorse.Hisfatherisataxidriver.2、用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。eg:Ihavereadthebookstwice,butIwanttoreadathirdtime.3a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。*ExerciseIhave___apple.Hehas___orange.Thisis___egg.Jimis___honestboyandheis___universitystudent.4.Doyouhave___computer?5.Thereis___carinfrontofthehouse.Englishis___usefullanguage.Heis___unhappyboy.Myfatherwillcomebackin__hour.Thereis___beautifulflower.Thereis___“u”and__“s”intheword“use”Pleasetake___seatandhave___restananananaaaaananaaanaa*4.第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。eg：Thereisabookonthedesk,butthebookisn’tmine.5.用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。eg：threetimesaweek;halfanhour6.某些固定短语与不定冠词有搭配关系。eg：haveagoodtime;afew;getacold;payavisit;takeaseat;makealiving*定冠词the的用法1.定冠词the,用来特指某人或某物，双方都知道的人或物的名词前，或用于第二次提到的某人或某物。Isthisthebookthatyouarelookingfor?2.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.3.用在序数词或形容词最高级前theyoungest/themostbeautiful/thefirst(second,third,fourth)Marchisthethirdmonthofayear.Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.4.用在某些形容词或单数名词前，表示一类人或事物。如：therich;thepoor;theyoung;theoldDoyouknowwhoinventedthecomputer?Thecat,islikedbymanypeople.*5.用在表示山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、建筑物、名胜古迹等专有名词前。如：theYellowRiver;theGreatWall;theWestLake;theWhiteHouse6.用在西洋乐器前playthepiano/theguitar/theviolin8.用在方位名词前或习惯用法inthesouth/ontheright/intheday/intheend7.The+姓的复数表示一家人TheSmiths/theGreens*____earthgoesround____sun.Jimis___tallestand___mostinteresting3.___manoverthereismyteacher.4.Thereis___orangeonthetable.___orangeismine.5.Iliveon____twelfthfloor.6.____GreatWallis____oldestbuilding.7.Ihave___aunt.___auntis____doctor.8.Inthisexam,heis___second.Jimis___boy.Heis___Americanboy.___YellowRiverisoneof___longestrivers.Beijingisin___northofChinaThethethetheTheanThetheThetheanTheatheaanThethethe*不用冠词的情况(1)有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。如：China;Japanese;milk;love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不用冠词如：Thisismyruler.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。如：Theyareteachers.(4)表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。如：BushwasmadepresidentoftheUS.*(5)一日三餐、球类活动、学科名词前。Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplayssoccerafterclass.Mathsishardtolearn.(6)在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如：Teachers’Day;Mother’sDay;onMonday;inMay;insummer等。(7)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词bycar,bybus,bytrain(但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前要加冠词)(8)在某些固定搭配里，名词之前常不用冠词。如：onfoot;athome;atnight;gotoschool;frommorningtillnight等。*7、固定搭配atfirstatlastatnoonathome首先最后在中午在家onfootinbedinhospitalgotoschool步行躺在床上住院上学1.Doyoulikeplaying___soccer?2.Iusuallyhave___milkfor____breakfast3.Wewillgototheparkon___Monday.4.Myunclelivesin_____Americanow.5.Leavesturnyellowin_____autumn.6.Wecangoswimmingon__Sundayin__summer.7.March8this____Women’sDay.8.Hisfatherisillin___hospital.//////////*Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Englishis________internationallanguage.A.aB.anC．/D.the()2.—Lookat________skirt.IboughtitformotheronMother’sDay,isn’titnice?—Oh,what________nicepresent！A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD．a;不填()3.—DoyouenjoyyourstayinHangzhou?—Yes.I’vehad________wonderfultime.A./B.aC.theD.an领悟语法BCB*()4.Weusuallygoto________schoolonweekdays,andsometimesgoto________cinemaatweekends.A.不填；theB.the;theC.the;不填D.不填；不填解析：考查冠词。gotoschool固定用法,gotoa/thecinema也是固定用法，a/thecinema表示一类事物。A()5.Let’shave________break;Iwanttomake_______telephonecall.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;theA*()6.________areplanningtogoonvacation.A.Black’sB.ABlack’sC.TheBlack’sD.TheBlacks解析：考查冠词。the加姓的复数形式表示“一家人”。D()7.—DoyouenjoyyourstayinHangzhou?—Yes.I’vehad________wonderfultime.A./B.aC.theD.an解析：本考查固定短语与不定冠词搭配的关系。haveawonderfultime玩的高兴。故选BB*1. Mr Wang has worked as ____English teacher for more than 10 years. A. /                B. a              C. an             D. the2—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?   —It takes us   ___   hour or more to go to my hometown by___  train.     A. an; a    B. a ; an    C. an; /    D. a; /3—What ______  useful book it is!   —Yeah, it tells you how to play       guitar.     A. an； the        B. a； a    C. a； the    D. an； a4、.Susan joined an art club at ＿＿＿age of six and paints well.A. the    B. an    C.a5、My uncle is ________ engineer. He works very hard.A. the         B. a          C. anExercises:*介词概念：介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语从句前。 中考需要掌握的11个介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before *2010Marchspringthemorningthefuture7：30nighttheageof19first/lastthemomentMondayMarch5March5th,2010MondaymorningholidayChildren’sDayinonatPrepositionsoftime时间介词*in：in1996/in2002/in1847（年份）inOctober/inFebruary/inMarch（月份）inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter（季节）inaweek/inayear在1周/年中inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上inthosedays在当时/innotime立刻/inthedaytime在白天/inthefuture在将来/inoneminute在1分钟内/最后intheend表示较长时间,如：世纪、年代、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。一.时间介词*on：onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFridayonJanuary1/onApril18/onMay31onJanuary1,1988/onApril18,2002/onMay31,1977onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayeveningonawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoononthemorningofMayfifthonmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear’sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay值日onduty/准时ontime表示具体某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。星期、某月某日、某年某月某日、含Day的节日、有修饰上午/下午/晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词on*at:atteno’clock/atseventhirty.（表示某一钟点）atnoon/atnight/atmidnight/atdawn/atsunset（在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间）attheageoftwenty/attheageofthirty-five（表示某一年龄）atthattime在那时/atthemoment这时、那时、此刻/atfirst首先/atlast最后＝intheend/atonce立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候atthistimeofyear/在……开始/结束时atthebeginning/endof表示时间的某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄、节日、中午/夜晚/子夜或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。*during:duringtheweekduringthosethreemonthsduringmyvisitduringtheholidays/meetingduringthespring表示“在……的期间”要用介词“during”，during表示在特定的时间里，其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。*since:since1986/since1977sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonthsincethen从那时以后sincehecamehere自从他来了以后表示“自……以来”，表示从过去某一时刻到现在，用介词“since”。“since”＋“点时间”，主句常用现在完成时。till/untilTheparkisopentill5p.m.Hedidn’tleavetheparkuntil4p.m.表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止，用介词“till/until”*Thetrainleavesat8o’clock,soyou’dbetterbethereby8:50.火车八点钟开，所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他离开了上海。（过去式）Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底，他已经完成了工作。at表示事件发生在某一时间点上；by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。attheendof+时间/地点，表示时间时，一般用于一般过去式。bytheendof+时间，表示时间时，一般用于过去完成时。intheend=atlast最后表示时间介词的比较：*★★★today/onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforey