(完整word版)玫瑰战争简述(英文)

TheperiodoftheWarsoftheRosesbeganin1455andendedin1485,whichwasconsideredasthetransitiontotheBritishmodernage.TheHouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYorkwerethetwobranchesofthePlantagenetfamilyandtheywereallEdwardID'descendents.Theyallwantedtogetthecrown.Asaresult,theinternalwarbrokeout,that'sWarsoftheRose.TheHouseofLancastersymbolizedbytheredroseandtheHouseofYorksymbolizedbythewhite.Firstly,IwantyoutomeetseveralmajorfiguresatthattimesofWarsoftheRoses.TheyareHenry筍andhiswifeQueenMargaretofAnjou,HenryW,DukeofYorkRichardandhistwosonsEdwardIVandRichardD.Next,let'sgettoknowthedevelopmentalprocessofthiswar.Henry筍wasthelastkingofEnglandofLancasterDynasty.HisfatherHenryVdiedwhenhewasjustanine-monthbaby.Therefore,heinheritedthethroneandbecamethekingofEnglandwhilehewasnotinterestedinpolicy.Becauseofthis,healmostlostallpolicyenforcepointsofEnglandinFrance,includingthepointthathisfatherHenryVwonintheHundredYears'WarwithFrance.Consequently,hewastakenasaincompetentemperor.Evenso,hewassoluckytohaveanawesomewifeQueenMargaretofAnjouwithbeautyandwisdomwhodidherbesttoensurehisthroneandbecametherealleaderoftheHouseofLancaster.Richard,Yorkistleader,DukeofYork,wasappointedasProtectorattemptedtousurpthethrone.QueenMargaretofAnjouwouldnotliketohavehisway,soshefoughtback.SheformedanalliancetocounterRichardandconspiredtoreducedhisinfluencewithothernobles.DukeofYorkwasnotwillingtoreconcilethissituation,sohewagedwarontheHouseofLancaster.Hence,theWarsoftheRosesbrokeout.BecausethefirstwarofSt.AlbansDukeofYorkRichardwaspredominantinmilitary,hearguedgreatlywiththeHouseofLancasteraboutwhetherheorHenry筍'sonPrinceEdwardcouldinheritthethrone.QueenMargaretofAnjouwantedtoensurehisson'sthrone,andthenshepersuadedhishusbandHenryWtoterminateDukeofYork'position.However,HenryWdidn'anticipatethathewascapturedin1460.InordertosaveHenryW,QueenMargaretofAnjouwagedabattletokilledDukeofYork,andthenshesuspendedtheheadofDukeofYorkinthegateofYorkCountry.ButsoonshewasdefeatedbyDukeofYork'sonEdwardIV.With“King'sMaker”1stEarlofWarwickRichardNeville'shelp,EdwardVtookthethroneandbecamethefirstkingofYorkDynasty.In1470,EarlofWarwickhelpedHenryWtakebackhisownthroneasaresultofconflictingwithEdwardV.Butinthenextyear,EdwardVbeatHenryWandkilledHenryW.QueenMargaretofAnjouwasimprisoneduntilherfatherLouisXIransomedherin1475.EdwardVwasaexcellentemperorandheheldthethroneuntilhepassedawayin1483.YethisyoungerbrotherRichard山usurpedthethroneassoonasEdwardVdied.Richard山justheldthethronefortwoyearsbecausehegotkilledbyHenryTudorinthelastwarof1485.HenryTudorwasthefinalwinnerintheWarsoftheRose.sWiththepurposeofconsolidatingpower,hemarriedEdwardV'sdaughterElizabeth,holdingthethroneandbecomingtheHenryW.ThatmeantWarsofRoseswasover,andTudorDynasty,anewdynasty,wascoming.FromtheWarsoftheRosesfeudalismreceiveditsdeathblow.Thegreatmedievalnobilitywasmuchweakenedanddiscredited.Hence,theking'spowerbecamesupreme.