广东高考英语阅读理解考点突破

1、主旨归纳题(mainidea)2、细节理解题(questionsofdetails)3、推理判断题(questionsofinference)4、词义猜测题(wordsincontext)“得阅读者，得天下”让我们一起努力，征服阅读，战胜！Let'sconquerEnglish最佳标题（Besttitle）?该题型考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。常见题型为最佳标题（title）或中心思想（mainidea）。做这类题时常用跳读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句，然后把各个段落的主题句联系起来，着眼于全文结构安排了解文章的重心，这样就能概括出文章的中心。通常情况下主题句在文中的位置:?说明文议记叙文在开头√（较常见）√√在结尾√（较少见）√√在中间√中心贯穿全文√（较常见）?干扰项的陷阱?文章的标题是中心思想最精练的达形式，1.选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大，也不能太小2.命题者在出此类题时，往往利用生活常识编造干扰项，3.把文中的细节当主旨或只言片语，利用局部信息编造干扰项，4.编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心思想的标题来考查学生的理解程度。对选择标题类题，若遇到实在拿不太准的情况，不妨自己思考一下：“如果是我写这个题目，我会怎样写？”?解题的小窍门：?1.正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。?2.正确的选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。?3.那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项往往有一个正确。?4.四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案。?5.干扰项特点：A:概括范围太窄，只含局部信息。B:概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。C:无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。?解题技巧点拨?1.段落中出现转折时，该句可能是主题句。?2.作者有意识的重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。?3.提出文章的主旨时常伴有文字提示，如：therefore,thus,but,however,infact,inshort等等。?4.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章的主旨。?方法：跳读法（skimming）寻找title,mainidea.?Whenitcomestofriends,Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappiness,whopossesswingsoftheirownandwhowillflywithme.Iseekfriendswhosequalitiesilluminate（照亮）meandtrainmeupforlove.ItisforthesepeoplethatIreservetheglowinghours,toogoodnottoshare.?WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.---?WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend,---?ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendwhoseimaginationilluminatesmine.---?ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist（心理学家），whowillonlyfillWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage??A.UnforgettableExperiences?B.RemarkableImagination?C.LifelongFriendship?D.NobleCompanions?阅读下列短文或选段,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。(1)[2009湖北卷]WhenIwassevenmyfathergavemeaTimex,myfirstwatch.Ilovedit,woreitforyears,andhaven'thadanotheronesinceitstoppedtickingadecadeago.Why?BecauseIdon'tneedone.IhaveamobilephoneandI'malwaysnearsomeonewithaniPodorsomethinglikethat.Allthesedevices(装置)tellthetime----whichiswhy,ifyoulookaround,you'llseelotsofemptywrists;salesofwatchestoyoungadultshavebeengoingdownsince2007.考点击破don'tneedthem,others----apparentlyincludingsomedistinguishedmenofourtime----arespendingtotalfortunesonthem.BrandssuchasRolex,PatekPhilippeandBreitlingcommandshockingprices,upto￡250,000forapiece.…Butthesedaysallwatchestellthetimeaswellasallotherwatches.…Sowhypaythatmuchoffiveyears'schoolfeesforwatchesthatallowyoutodothesethings?Watchesarenowclassifiedas“investments”(投资).A1994Philipperecentlysoldfornearly￡350,000,while1960sRolexeshavegonefrom￡15,000to￡30,000plusinayear.Butawatchisnotaninvestment.It'saamatteroffashion.Butwhenfashionmoveson,theownerofthat￡350,000beautywillsuddenlyfindhisprideandjoyisnomoreagoodinvestmentthanmychildhoodTimex.64.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TimexorRolex?B.MyChildhoodTimexC.Watches?NotforMe!D.Watches----aValuableCollection(1)C。根据寻找主题句的第(3)个小窍门“首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨”可知Why?后面的便是主题句，与此相符的只有选项C正确。(2)[2009福建卷]Wealreadyknowthefastest,leastexpensivewaytoslowclimatechange:Uselessenergy.Withalittleeffort,andnotmuchmoney,mostofuscouldreduceourenergydietsby25percentormore—doingtheEarthafavorwhilealsohelpingourwallets.…Scientistshavereportedrecentlythattheworldisheatingupevenfasterthanpredictedonlyafewyearsago,andthattheconsequencescouldbesevereifwedon'tkeepreducingemissions（排放）ofcarbondioxide（CO2）andothergreenhousegasesthataretrappingheatinouratmosphere.Wedecidedtotryanexperiment.ForonemonthwerecordedourpersonalemissionsofCO2..Wewantedtoseehowmuchwecouldcutback,sowewentonastrictdiet.TheaverageUShousehold(家庭)producesabout150poundsofCO2adaybydoingcommon-placethingsliketurningonair-conditioningordrivingcars.That'smorethantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaverage,mostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandhavebiggerhouses.Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoreduce?…“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.Goodadvice,Ithought.We'dgottensousedtokeepingourair-conditioninggoingaroundtheclock.I'dalmostforgottenthewindowsevenopened.Weshouldnotletthishappenagain.It'stimeforustochangeourhabitsifnecessary.79.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.SavingEnergyStartsatHomeB.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWorkC.ChangingClimateSoundsReasonableD.ReducingEmissionsofCO2ProvesDifficult(2)A。由第一段基本可以判断出答案了，再结合全文内容，及最后一句可知，改变家庭生活习惯便可节能减排。?Onhearingthewords“Justdoit!”,youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby.Ifit's“AlwaysCoca-cola”,youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink.?Anadvertisingsloganistobrandwhateyesaretoaperson.Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinpeople'sminds.It'salmostcertainthateverybrandhasapopularslogan.?“Justdoit!”–asloganthatspeaksQuestion:Whatwouldbebesttitleforthetext?A.JustDoIt!B.SloganandBrandC.FamousSlogansD.WhatIsaGoodSlogan??Atlanta,GA,June20,2008—ScientistsbelievetheyhavefoundiceonMars.ThePhoenixMarsLandershowedbitsofwhatappearedtobeicewhilediggingatrench(沟)neartheMartianNorthPole.?Piecesofbrightmaterialphotographedinthetrenchlaterdisappeared,meaningtheyarelikelytohavebeenfrozenwaterthatvaporized(蒸发)afterbeinguncovered.?TheNASA'sinvestigator(调查员)PeterSmith,oftheUniversityofArizona,said,“Theselittlepiecescompletely?ThePhoenixMarsLanderisstudyingwhetherthearcticareaoftheRedPlanetcouldbelivedin.It'susingitsroboticarmtodigupsomesoilandscientistshavebeenhopingitwillfindfrozenwater.Question:Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe___.A.PhoenixMarsLanderB.LiveonMarsC.PhoenixMarsLanderdiscovers“ice”D.Agreatstepintoouterspace?Shoppingisnotassimpleasyoumaythink!Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf.?Coloring,forexample,variesaccordingtowhattheproducersaretryingtosell.Healthfoodsarepackagedingreens,yellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthycolors.Icecreampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoods,likechocolates,aregoldorsilver.?Thesizeofaproductcanattracta?appearsto.?Itisbelievedthatthebetter-knowncompaniesspend,onaverage,70percentofthetotalcostoftheproductitselfonpackaging!(04广东)?Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext??A.ChoiceofGoodProducts?B.DisadvantagesofProducts?C.EffectofPackagingonShopping?D.BrandNamesandShoppingTricks?Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Orinsummer,theymaythinkitistheheat.However,therealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime-abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup-yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptfor?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext??A.JustforaRest?B.Allforanap?C.ASpecialSleeppattern?D.TakingnapsinWarmerClimate?Differentculturesemphasizetheimportanceofrelationshipbuildingtoagreaterorlesserdegree.Forexample,businessinsomecountriesisnotpossibleuntilthereisarelationshipoftrust.?Talkandsilencemayalsobedifferentinsomecultures.IoncemadeaspeechinThailand.Ihadexpectedmyspeechtobeasuccessandstartalivingdiscussion;insteadtherewasanuncomfortablesilence.Inmyownculture,weexpressmeaningmainlythroughwords,butpeopletheresometimesfeeltoomanywordsareunnecessary.?EvenwithinNorthernEurope,culturaldifferencescancauseseriousproblems.?Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentvalues,andsometimesthesevaluesarequiteagainsteachother----(安徽)?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext??A.MulticulturalEnvironmentB.Cross-Cultural?Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness,happiness,goodness,andself-respect?Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas“honor”helpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.?Here'sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.?---?Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughts?easytothinkandacthonorableagainwhenwe'rehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifferenttostart,onceit'sstarted,it'seasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmind,whichisimportantforourhappiness.(07广东)?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage??A.HowtoLiveTruthfully?B.ImportanceofPeacefulness?C.WaysofGainingSelf-respect?D.HappinessthroughHonorableActions?OneAugustafternoon,RichardAllendroppedoffhislastpassenger,Mrs.Carey.Liftingtwogrocerybags,hefollowedheracrosstheyardandstoodonthestepofherhouse.Glancingup,hesawalargewasp's（黄蜂）nestundertheroof----?Shesteppedquicklyinside.Allenranforhisminibus.Toolate;?Ashewasdrivingdowntheroad,Allenfeltasifsomethingwasburningatthebackofhisneck,andthe“fire”wasspreadingforwardtowardhisface----?Milesfromthenearestmedicalassistance,Allenbegantofeelhistonguethickandheavyandhisheartbeat---?Rushingdownthemountain,Allentriednottopanic,focusinghismindoneachsharp------?Holdon,Allenthought.Keepyoureyesopen.Breathe.Keepawake.?Atlasthereachedthestation.Twofiremenranout.Allenfelttheirhandsgrasphimbeforehehittheground.Youmadeit,hethought.?Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage??A.Allen,AHelplessDriver?B.Wasps,BloodyKillers?C.ARaceAgainstDeath?D.WarAgainstWasps6①Magellan'smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.②MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.FinallyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.③Magellan'svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.（4分钟）Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magellan'sdeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldParagraph1:Magellan'svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.Paragraph2:TheprocessofMagellan'slongdifficultvoyageParagraph3:Magellan'svoyagedprovedtheearthisround.Magellan'svoyage(toonarrow)(toobroad)(toonarrow)(proper)①Magellan'smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.Magellan'svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld.?需要说明的是，在考试状态下，人的短时记忆的容量是有限的，考生不可能在那么短的时间内形成对于某篇阅读比较完整的情景模型，在做题提取信息时肯定会遇到刚才没有注意的细节、或比较模糊的印象，这时候，千万不能想当然，凭感觉作答，因为专门有这样的模糊选项等着“请君入瓮”呢。所以建议考生们一定要回头，适当划划和题目选项相关的信息出处,提高答题的正确率。Wishyouagreatsuccess!Thankyou!