英文句子的语义分析

英文句子的语义读&初步结果刘庆霞20170309语义分析语义分析产生意义表示，并将其指派给输入语句的过程句法驱动的语义分析组合性原则一个句子的意义可以由它的几个部分的意义组合而成意义表示（MeaningRepresentation）Themeaningoflinguisticutterancescanbecapturedinformalstructures,whichwewillcallmeaningrepresentations.意义表示的计算要求VerifiabilityUnambiguousonerepresentation->onemeaningCanonicalFormonemeaning->onerepresentationInferenceandVariablesExpresiveness意义表示（MeaningRepresentation）一阶谓词演算（FOPC）项（term）常量（constant）连接词（connective）量词（quantifier）变量（variable）谓词（Predicate）函数（function）句法驱动的语义分析为上下文无关语法规则扩充语义附着（semanticattachment）S->NPVP{VP.sem(NP.sem)}VP->VerbNP{Verb.sem(NP.sem)}Verb->serves{λx∃e,yIsa(e,Serving)∧Server(e,y)∧Served(e,x)}英语片段的语义名词短语复合名词、所属名词短语形容词短语名词前形容词、谓语性形容词动词短语不定式动词短语WhotoldHarrytogotoMaharani.介词短语修饰名词、修饰动词短语、作为动词论元名词短语复合名词Summerlightschedule所属名词短语Atlanta’sairport含明前形容词的NPIdon’tmindacheaprestaurant交集语义λxIsa(x,Restaurant)∧Isa(x,Cheap)smallelephant，fakegun仅指出存在抽象关系λxIsa(x,Restaurant)∧AM(x,Cheap)介词短语修饰名词arestaurantonPearl∃xIsa(x,Resuaurant)∧On(x,Pearl)修饰动词atedinnerinahurry∃yIsa(e,Eating)∧Eater(e,y)∧Eaten(e,Dinner)∧In(e,<∃hHurry(h)>)作为动词的论元IneedtogofromBostontoDallas.句法驱动的语义分析缺点视野有限上下文独立推理无关Pattern-basedSemanticAnalysisTrainsentence->patternWhatistherevenueofIBM?whatbetheXofE?assingsemanticrepresentationtofrequentpatterns(?what,theXof,E)generatesemanticrepresentationforunfreqpatternswhatbetheXofX,X?WhatisthetotalpopulationofMelbourne,Florida?whatbetheXoftheXofX?WhatistheofficialwebsiteofTomHanks?whatbetheXoftheXwhereX'sXV?WhatisthenameoftheschoolwhereObama'swifestudied?Testsentence->patternpatternmatchandalignmentgeneratesemanticrepresentation(pattern,semantic)Step1:PatternGenerationItemTypesE:namedentitiesV:normalverbs(e.g.VBX)X:meaningfulwords(e.g.NN,PRP,CD,JJ,RB)Struct:otherwordsexceptforE,V,X(e.g.,WHX,IN,TO,CC)what,for,in,and,orfrequentwordsmany,there,have,be,doFrequentPatternsFree917458patternsPatternnumsentencewhoVE42whodesignedtheiphonewhatbetheXofE40whatarethedeitiesofhinduismhowmanyXdoEhave19howmanyfloorsdoesthewhitehousehavewhenbeEV18whenwaswellsfargofoundedwhenbeEX17whenwastheairspeedoxfordfirstflownwhatbeE'sX15whatarebmw'smanufacturingplantswhatXdoEX14whatconferencesdoesgooglesponsorwhenbeXV14whenwassavealotfoundedwhatXdoEV12whatlinesdoesthelondonovergroundoperatewherebeEX11wherewasjerryseinfeldbornhowmanyXVinE10howmanyteamsparticipateintheuefaFrequentPatternsQALD679441patternsPatternnumsentencegiveIallX.17Givemeallschooltypes.whobetheXofE?17WhoistheauthorofWikiLeaks?whatbetheXofE?14WhatistherevenueofIBM?whichXhavetheX?9Whichcountryhasthemostofficiallanguages?whoVE?9WhocreatedGoofy?whobetheXofX?8WhowasthewifeofPresidentLincoln?whoVX?8WhocreatedEnglishWikipedia?whichXhaveXthanX?8Whichcaveshavemorethan3entrances?howmanyXdoEhave?8HowmanyemployeesdoesIBMhave?whatbetheXofX?7WhatistheofficialwebsiteofTomHanks?ComplexPatternswhobeXundertheXwhoVtheXofXagainstXduringX?WhowasvicepresidentunderthepresidentwhoapprovedtheuseofatomicweaponsagainstJapanduringWorldWarII?whatXV[XandXforXVXfromX]whatmovieswonascapfilmandtelevisionmusicawardsformostperformedsongsfrommotionpicturesNextSyntacticStructureSemanticAnnotationThankyou