2019年宁波大学翻译硕士英语考研真题211

宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上) 科目代码： 211 总分值： 100 科目名称： 翻译硕士英语PartIVocabularyandGrammar(30points:20forSectionA,and10forSectionB)SectionA:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Andrewwantedtobetransferredtoanotherdepartment,butherapplicationwas_____becauseherowndepartmentisunderstaffed.A.turneddownB.turnedoverC.turnedawayD.turnedoff2.Helen’sbeenneglectingherhomeworklately.I’ll_____withherparentsaboutit.A.havewordsB.haveawordC.havethewordD.havethelastword3.______moresocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65,companieshavealoomingproblemofknowledgemanagement.A.GiventhatB.ProvidedC.UnlessD.While4.Psychologistsmaintainthatthenatureofhumanbeingsentailsastrongneedto_____theirfreetime;idlenesscanbeasstressfulasactivity.A.endangerB.preserveC.consumeD.organize5._____agetwenty,RobertKellyleftKCRA,Inc.toenroll_____theUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.A.at;atB.at;inC.upon;inD.on;at6.Wehadtheunmeasured_____oftheenemyandtheirairattackstillbeatinguponus. A.threaten B.misfortune C.flinch D.menace7.I_____theHeadMaster’spermissiontoalterdarkertosterner.“Notlesswepraiseinsternerdays.” A.haveobtained B.acquire C.hadpossessed D.contained8.AIDSissaid__________thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion. A.being B.tobe C.tohavebeen D.havingbeen9.Sometimeshewasbrilliant;sometimeshewasmaddeninglytiresome.Theunderlinedwordmeans________. A.exhausting B.dull C.annoying D.bored10.UncleBubbawastough,kind,funny,andscaryall_________one,whichwasjustwhatDanandIneeded. A.mixinto B.mergedinto C.fixedinto D.rolledinto 11.Infact,asheapproachedhisbeloveddaughter,heonlybarelyresistedthe________tostrokeherprettysofthair. A.impulse B.intuition C.instinct D.incentive 12.Thepriceoftheorganicvegetablewillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight________is. A.payment B.charge C.fund D.price 13.Asthetemperaturedroppedabruptly,thecamperswere________alloverwithcold. A.spinning B.shivering C.shaking D.staggering 14.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)________ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation. A.altitude B.latitude C.multitude D.attitude 15.Themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthepeoplefromothercitieshadkindly________tohiscitizens. A.rendered B.secured C.sought D.furnished 16.Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly________familiaritywithtechnology. A.bymeansof B.intermsof C.inquestof D.byvirtueof17.Lucy________goingbacktoschoolsinceshesavedenoughmoney,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.consideredB.hadconsideredC.isgoingtoconsiderD.hasbeenconsidering18.Manyreportershurriedtotheairport,________thatthesuperstarhadalreadyleft.A.hadbeentoldB.beingtoldC.onlytobetoldD.unfortunatelytold 19.Onceyoubecomeasoldier,youwillbegivenamonthly________bythearmy. A.income B.allowance C.wage D.salary 20.TheOlympicGames________in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece. A.originated B.stemmed C.derived D.descended SectionB:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked,A,B,C,andDYoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre. 　　InCambodiathechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,21thoseoftheyoungwomen,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan22alikelyspouseonhisownandthemaskhisparentsto23themarriagenegotiations.ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.24,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.25aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying 26agoodfamily.　　Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays27 bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand28prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting, 29cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and30acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe31.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife’sparentsandmay32withthemuptoayear,33theycanbuildaflewhousenearby.　　Divorceislegalandeasyto34,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare35withsome disapproval.Eachspouseretains36propertyheorshe37intothemarriage,andjointly–acquiredpropertyis38equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice39up.Thedivorcedmaledoesn’thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry40thewomanmustwaitthemonths. 21. A.bywayof B.aswellas  C.onbehalfof   D.withregardto 22. A.adaptto  B.providefor  C.competewith   D.decideon 23. A.close B.renew  C.arrange    D.postpone 24. A.Intheory B.Aboveall C.Intime    D.Forexample 25. A.Although B.Lest C.After    D.Unless 26. A.into  B.within C.from    D.through 27. A.sine   B.or C.but    D.so 28. A.test   B.copy C.recite    D.create 29. A.folding  B.piling   C.wrapping   D.tying 30. A.lighting B.passing    C.hiding    D.serving 31. A.meeting  B.association   C.collection   D.union 32. A.grow B.part   C.deal    D.live 33. A.whereas  B.until    C.for    D.if 34. A.obtain  B.follow   C.challenge    D.avoid 35. A.isolated  B.persuaded  C.viewed   D.exposed 36. A.wherever B.however  C.whenever   D.whatever 37. A.changed B.brought  C.shaped    D.pushed 38. A.divided  B.invested  C.donated   D.withdrawn 39. A.clears  B.warms  C.shows    D.breaks 40. A.while  B.sowhat   C.once    D.inthatPartIIReadingComprehension(40points:2×20)Direction:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDYouareexpectedtomakethebestchoice.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassageAnumberofscientificstudieshavefoundthattheamountofsugarweconsumeisamajorfactorinhowbigAmericanshavebecome.Inthelasthalfcentury,consumptionofsugarsbytheaverageAmericanhasincreasedbymorethan24poundsayear,expandingwaistlinesandcrowdingoutmorenutritiousfoods.Furthermore,thestudiesindicatethatthemaindietaryculpritforboththeincreaseinsugarandtheweightofAmericanshasbeentheever-growingconsumptionofsugarydrinks,especiallysoda.Thesesoftdrinkscontribute7percentofthecaloriesAmericansconsume,makingthemtheleadingsourceofaddedsugarandthesinglelargestsourceofcaloriesinourdiet.Criticshaverepeatedlyblamedhigh-fructosecornsyrup,theinexpensivesweetenerthathashelpedtokeepsodapricesdownandallowedconsumptiontosoar.Butinfact,nosugarybeverageandnocaloricsweetenerisblameless.Notordinarytablesugar;notbrownsugarorrawsugar;nothoney;notevenfruitjuiceconcentrate.Allthesesweetenerswhenaddedtodrinkscontributemostlyemptycaloriesthatdolittletosatisfytheappetiteandendupasexcessenergythatthebodyultimatelyturnstofat.Andsoda,thoughthemostcommonsugarybeverage,isnottheonlyoneinvolved.Infact,afterdecadesofincreases,sodaconsumptionhasleveledoff,butsportsdrinks,energydrinksandsweetenedteashavebecomeincreasinglyimportantcontributorstotheliquidcaloriesAmericansconsume.Toimprovethehealthofitsresidentsanditscoffers,NewYorkStateisconsideringaconsumptiontaxofaboutonepennyperounceonhigh-caloriesweetenedbeverages.TheAmericanBeverageAssociation,whichtakesmajorcreditforan88percentreductioninsugaredsodacaloriesinthenation’sschools,hasseriouslyundermineditscredibilitywithadsopposingtheso-calledsodatax.Inassociation-sponsoredcommercialsontelevisionandradio,housewivesspouttheridiculousargumentthatsuchataxwouldmakeitmoredifficultforthemtofeedtheirfamilies.Butonnonutritionist’slistareyoulikelytofindsodalistedasadesirabledietaryingredient.Itisnotafood,norabasicnecessity.Infact,thepeoplelikelytobenefitmostfromasodataxthatdiscouragesconsumptionarethosewhofindithardesttomakeendsmeet.Thesearethepeoplewhocanleastaffordtowastehard-earneddollarsonemptycaloriesthatunderminetheirhealth.41.Whathavemanystudiesfoundaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Americans’dietcontainstoomanynutritiousfoods.B.SodaisonemajorcontributortoAmericans’obesity.C.Americans’diethasthelargestnumberofcalories.D.Americansconsumethemostsugarsintheworld.42.Whatcanweknowabouttheemptycaloriesfromthepassage?A.Theymakepeoplehavenoappetite.B.Theywillturntofatatlast.C.TheyareAmericans’basicnecessity.D.Theyarebadforpeople’shealth.43.WhatmeasuredoesNewYorkStatewanttotaketoimproveitspeople’shealth?A.Itisplanningtoimposetaxesonsugarydrinkswithhighcalories.B.ItisconsideringlimitingtheamountofliquidcaloriesAmericansconsume.C.Itlimitstheamountofsugaraddedtothesugarydrinks.D.Itencouragesthesellerstoraisethepriceofthedrinkswithhighcalories.44.WhydoestheAmericanBeverageAssociationloseitscredibility?A.Itdoesn’tthinkallthesugarydrinksareharmful.B.Itopposesreducingitsnationschools’sodacalories.C.Itdoesn’tsupporttheso-calledsodatax.D.Itdiscouragespeopletoconsumesodadrinks.45.Whatishousewives’attitudetowardsthesodatax?A.Indifferent.B.Supporting.C.Suspicious.D.Disapproving.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Therearethreebasicwaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Theyarethemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystem,individualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Transactionsmaytakeplacethroughbarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministeredcontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissuelawsorcommandsastohowmucheachgoodsandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsanddistributedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition.Eachperson′splacewiththeeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogressmaybedifficulttoachieve.46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.B.Tooutlinetypesofeconomicsystems.C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.D.Tocomparebarterandmoneyexchangemarkets.47.Inthesecondparagraph,bywhichofthefollowingcouldtheword"real"bestbereplaced?A.Highquality.B.Concrete.C.Utter.D.Essential.48.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto____.                 A.rapidspeedoftransactionsB.misunderstandingsC.inflationD.difficultiesforthetraders49.Accordingtothepassagewhohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolonanadministeredsystem?A.Individualhouseholds.B.Smallbusinesses.C.Majorcompanies.D.Thegovernment.50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacriterionfordeterminingaperson’spositioninatraditionalsociety?A.FamilybackgroundB.AgeC.Religiousbeliefs.D.CustomQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thescienceofmeteorologyisconcernedwiththestudyofthestructure,state,andbehavioroftheatmosphere.Thesubjectmaybeapproachedfromseveraldirections,butthescenecannotbefullyappreciatedfromanyadvantagepoint.Differentviewsmustbeintegratedtogiveperspectivetothewholepicture.Onemayconsidertheconditionoftheatmosphereatagivenmomentandattempttopredictchangesfromthatconditionoveraperiodofafewhourstoafewdaysahead.Thisapproachiscoveredbythebranchofthesciencecalledsynoptic（天气的）meteorology.Synopticmeteorologyisthescientificbasisofthetechniqueofweatherforecastingbymeansofthepreparationandanalysisofweathermapsandaerologicaldiagram.Thepracticalimportanceofthenumerousapplicationsofweatherforecastingcannotbeoverestimated.Inservingtheneedsofshipping,aviation,agriculture,industry,andmanyotherinterestsandfieldsofhumanactivitywithaccurateweatherwarningsandprofessionalforecastadvice,greatbenefitsarereapedintheformofthesavingofhumanlifeandpropertyandineconomicadvantagesofvariouskinds.Oneimportantpurposeofthescienceofmeteorologyisconstantlytostrive,throughadvancedstudyandresearch,toincreaseourknowledgeoftheatmospherewiththeaimofimprovingtheaccuracyofweatherforecasts.Thetoolsneededtoadvanceourknowledgeinthiswayarethedisciplinesofmathematicsandphysicsappliedtosolvemeteorologicalproblems.Theuseofthesetoolsformsthatbranchofthesciencecalleddynamicmeteorology..51.Thebesttitleforthepassageis____.A.TheBasicsofDynamicMeteorologyB.TheLimitationsofMeteorologicalForecastingC.ApproachestotheScienceofMeteorologyD.NewAdvancesinSynopticMeteorology52.Whichofthefollowingisnotreferredtobytheauthorasafieldwhoseneedsareservedbyweatherforecasting?A.Sports.B.Transportation.C.Manufacturing.D.Farming.53.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthethirdparagraphofthepassage?A.Twocontrastingviewsofaproblemarepresented.B.Recentscientificadvancementsareoutlinedinorderofimportance.C.Aprocedureisexplainedanditsimportanceisemphasized.D.Aproblemisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsaregiven.54.Theauthorimpliesthatincreasedaccuracyinweatherforecastingwillleadto____.A.greaterprotectionofhumanlifeB.morefundsallocatedtometeorologicalresearchC.ahighernumberofprofessionalforecastersD.less-specializedformsofsynopticmeteorology55.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,thephrase"thesetools"refersto____.A.mathematicsandphysicsB.weatherforecastsC.meteorologicalproblemsD.economicadvantageQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Historiansofwomen'slaborintheUnitedStatesatfirstlargelydisregardedthestoryoffemaleserviceworkers-womenearningwagesinoccupationssuchassalesclerk,domesticservant,andofficesecretary.Thesehistoriansfocusedinsteadonfactorywork,primarilybecauseitseemedsodifferentfromtraditional,unpaidwomen'sworkinthehome,andbecausetheunderlyingeconomicforcesofindustrialismwerepresumedtobegender-blindandhenceemancipatorineffect.Unfortunately,emancipationhasbeenlessprofoundthanexpected,fornotevenindustrialwagelaborhasescapedcontinuedsexsegregationintheworkplace.Toexplainthisunfinishedrevolutioninthestatusofwomen,historianshaverecentlybeguntoemphasizethewayaprevailingdefinitionoffemininityoftendeterminesthekindsofworkallocatedtowomen,evenwhensuchallocationisinappropriatetonewconditions.Forinstance,earlytextile-millentrepreneurs,injustifyingwomen'semploymentinwagelabor,mademuchoftheassumptionthatwomenwerebynatureskillfulatdetailedtasksandpatientincarryingoutrepetitivechores;themillownersthusimportedintothenewindustrialorderhoarystereotypesassociatedwiththehomemakingactivitiestheypresumedtohavebeenthepurviewofwomen.Becausewomenacceptedthemoreunattractivenewindustrialtasksmorereadilythandidmen,suchjobscametoberegardedasfemalejobs.Andemployers,whoassumedthatwomen's"real"aspirationswereformarriageandfamilylire,declinedtopaywomenwagescommensuratewiththoseofmen.Thusmanylower-skilled,lower-paid,lesssecurejobscametobeperceivedas"female".Moreremarkablethantheoriginalhasbeenthepersistenceofsuchsexsegregationintwentieth-centuryindustry.Onceanoccupationcametobeperceivedas"female",employersshowedsurprisinglylittleinterestinchangingthatperception,evenwhenhigherprofitsbeckoned.AnddespitetheurgentneedoftheUnited.StatesduringtheSecondWorldWartomobilizeitshumanresourcesfully,jobsegregationbysexcharacterizedeventhemostimportantwarindustries.Moreover,oncethewarended,employersquicklyreturnedtomenmostofthe"male"jobsthatwomenhadbeenpermittedtomaster..56.Accordingtothepassage,jobsegregationbysexintheUnitedStateswas________.A.perpetuatedbythosetextile-millownerswhoarguedinfavorofwomen'semploymentInwagelaborB.onemeansbywhichwomenachievedgreaterjobsecurityC.reluctantlychallengedbyemployersexceptwhentheeconomicadvantageswereobviousD.aconstantsourceoflaborunrestintheyoungtextileindustry57.Accordingtothepassage,historiansofwomen'slaborfocusedonfactoryworkasamorepromisingareaofresearchthanservice-sectorworkbecausefactorywork________.A.involvedthepaymentofhigherwagesB.requiredskillindetailedtasksC.wasassumedtobelesscharacterizedbysexsegregationD.wasmorereadilyacceptedbywomenthanbymen58.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe"unfinishedrevolution"theauthormentionsinhighlighttextreferstothe________.A.recognitionthatworkdonebywomenashomemakersshouldbecompensatedatratescomparabletothoseprevailingintheservicesectoroftheeconomyB.developmentofanewdefinitionoffemininityunrelatedtotheeconomicforcesofindustrialismC.introductionofequalpayforequalworkinallprofessionsD.emancipationofwomenwageearnersfromgender-determinedjoballocation.59.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestexpressestheopinionoftheauthorofthepassageconcerningthenotionthatwomenaremoreskillfulthanmenincarryingoutdetailedtasks?A.patientB.repetitiveC.hoaryD.homemaking60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouthiringpoliciesintheUnitedStates?A.Afteracrisismanyformerly"male"jobsarereclassifiedas"female"jobs.B.Industrialemployersgenerallyprefertohirewomenwithpreviousexperienceashomemakers.C.Post-SecondWorldWarhiringpoliciescausedwomentolosemanyoftheirwartimegainsinemploymentopportunity.D.EvenwarindustriesduringtheSecondWorldWarwerereluctanttohirewomenforfactoryworkPartIIIWriting(30points)Directions:Basedontheinformationgivenbelow,pleasewriteanessayofabout400wordsontheAnswerSheet.Youhave60minutestoplan,write,andreviseyouressay.Somepeoplebelievethattherangeoftechnologyavailabletoindividualstodayisincreasingthegapbetweenrichpeopleandpoorpeople,whileotherssaythattechnologyhastheoppositeeffect.Discussthesepointsofview.What’syouropinion?Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourexperienceorknowledge.第10页共10页